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Le Dé Q, Valyaev DA, Simonneau A. Nitrogen Fixation by Manganese Complexes - Waiting for the Rush? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400784. [PMID: 38709147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Manganese is currently experiencing a great deal of attention in homogeneous catalysis as a sustainable alternative to platinum group metals due to its abundance, affordable price and low toxicity. While homogeneous nitrogen fixation employing well-defined transition metal complexes has been an important part of coordination chemistry, manganese derivatives have been only sporadically used in this research area. In this contribution, the authors systematically cover manganese organometallic chemistry related to N2 activation spanning almost 60 years, identify apparent pitfalls and outline encouraging perspectives for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Dé
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
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2
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Strandgaard M, Seumer J, Jensen JH. Discovery of molybdenum based nitrogen fixation catalysts with genetic algorithms. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10638-10650. [PMID: 38994422 PMCID: PMC11234868 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational discovery of organometallic catalysts that effectively catalyze nitrogen fixation is a difficult task. The complexity of the chemical reactions involved and the lack of understanding of natures enzyme catalysts raises the need for intricate computational models. In this study, we use a dataset of 91 experimentally verified ligands as starting population for a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and use this to discover molybdenum based nitrogen fixation catalyst in trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral configurations. Through evolutionary discovery with a semi-empirical quantum method driven GA and a density functional theory (DFT) based screening process, we find 3 promising catalyst candidates that are shown to effectively catalyze the first protonation step of the Schrock cycle. Synthetic accessibility (SA) scores are used to guide the GA towards reasonable ligands and the work features a description of the GA framework, including pre-screening of catalyst candidates that involves assignment of metal coordination atoms and catalyst stereoisomers. This research thus not only offers insights into the specific field of molybdenum-based catalysts for nitrogen fixation but also demonstrates the broader applicability and potential of genetic algorithms in the field of catalyst discovery and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Strandgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Denmark https://twitter.com/janhjensen
| | - Julius Seumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Denmark https://twitter.com/janhjensen
| | - Jan H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Denmark https://twitter.com/janhjensen
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3
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Li Y, Mou LH, Jiang GD, Li ZY, He SG, Chen H. Toward Designing Reactive Metal Clusters for Dinitrogen Activation: A Guideline Based on N 2 Initial Adsorption. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10775-10785. [PMID: 38804545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase metal clusters are ideal models to explore transition-metal-mediated N2 activation mechanism. However, the effective design and search of reactive clusters in N2 activation are currently hindered by the lack of clear guidelines. Inspired by the Sabatier principle, we discovered in this work that N2 initial adsorption energy (ΔEads) is an important parameter to control the N2 activation reactivity of metal clusters in the gas phase. This mechanistic insight obtained from high-level calculations rationalizes the N2 activation reactivity of many previously reported metal clusters when combined with the known factor determining the N≡N cleavage process. Furthermore, based on this guideline of ΔEads, we successfully designed several new reactive clusters for cleaving N≡N triple bond under mild conditions, including FeV2S2-, TaV2C2-, and TaV2C3-, the high N2 activation reactivity of which has been fully corroborated in our gas phase experiments employing mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. The importance of ΔEads revealed in this work not only reshapes our understanding of N2 activation reactions in the gas phase but also could have implication for other N2 activation processes in the condensed phase. The more general establishment of this new perspective on N2 activation reactivity warrants future experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Jiang M, Zeng D, Zheng X, Yuan H. Detection of epinephrine using a K 2Fe 4O 7 modified glassy carbon electrode. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15408-15412. [PMID: 38741971 PMCID: PMC11089534 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron-based electrochemical catalysts used to modify electrodes for biosensing have received more attention from biosensor manufacturers because of their excellent biocompatibility and low cost. In this work, a fast-ion conductor potassium ferrite (K2Fe4O7) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for detecting epinephrine (EP) by electrochemical techniques. The obtained K2Fe4O7/GCE electrode exhibited not only a wide linear range over EP concentration from 2 μM to 260 μM with a detection limit of 0.27 μM (S/N = 3) but also high selectivity toward EP in the presence of common interferents ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), as well as good reproducibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 PR China
| | - Decheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 PR China
| | - Xinxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 PR China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 PR China
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5
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Haufe LC, Endres L, Arrowsmith M, Bertermann R, Dietz M, Fantuzzi F, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron Insertion into the N≡N Bond of a Tungsten Dinitrogen Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23986-23993. [PMID: 37875434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-addition of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-dibromodiboranes (B2Br2Ar2) to trans-[W(N2)2(dppe)2] (dppe = κ2-(Ph2PCH2)2), which is accompanied by a Br-Ar substituent exchange between the two boron atoms, is followed by a spontaneous rearrangement of the resulting tungsten diboranyldiazenido complex to a 2-aza-1,3-diboraallenylimido complex displaying a linear, cumulenic B=N=B moiety. This rearrangement involves the splitting of both the B-B and N=N bonds of the N2B2 ligand, formal insertion of a BAr boranediyl moiety into the N=N bond, and coordination of the remaining BArBr boryl moiety to the terminal nitrogen atom. Density functional theory calculations show that the reaction proceeds via a cyclic NB2 intermediate, followed by dissociation into a tungsten nitrido complex and a linear boryliminoborane, which recombine by adduct formation between the nitrido ligand and the electron-deficient iminoborane boron atom. The linear B=N=B moiety also undergoes facile 1,2-addition of Brønsted acids (HY = HOPh, HSPh, and H2NPh) with concomitant Y-Br substituent exchange at the terminal boron atom, yielding cationic (borylamino)borylimido tungsten complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Haufe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Peters JC. Advancing electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation: insights from molecular systems. Faraday Discuss 2023; 243:450-472. [PMID: 37021388 PMCID: PMC10524484 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation has a rich history within the inorganic chemistry community. In recent years attention has (re)focused on developing electrocatalytic systems capable of mediating the nitrogen reduction reaction (N2RR). Well-defined molecular catalyst systems have much to offer in this context. This personal perspective summarizes recent progress from our laboratory at Caltech, pulling together lessons learned from a number of studies we have conducted, placing them within the broader context of thermodynamic efficiency and selectivity for the N2RR. In particular, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) provides an attractive strategy to achieve enhanced efficiency for the multi-electron/proton reduction of N2 to produce NH3 (or NH4+), and electrocatalytic PCET (ePCET) via an ePCET mediator affords a promising means of mitigating HER such that the N2RR can be achieved in a catalytic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C Peters
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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8
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Cheng X, Li ZY, Jiang GD, Liu XX, Liu QY, He SG. Activation of Dinitrogen Promoted by Adsorption of C 6H 6 on Fe 2VC - Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6431-6436. [PMID: 37432842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of organic ligands is one of the effective strategies to improve the stability and reactivity of metal clusters. Herein, the enhanced reactivity of benzene-ligated cluster anions Fe2VC(C6H6)- with respect to naked Fe2VC- is identified. Structural characterization suggests that C6H6 is molecularly bound to the dual metal site in Fe2VC(C6H6)-. Mechanistic details reveal that the cleavage of N≡N is feasible in Fe2VC(C6H6)-/N2 but hindered by an overall positive barrier in the Fe2VC-/N2 system. Further analysis discloses that the ligated C6H6 regulates the compositions and energy levels of the active orbitals of the metal clusters. More importantly, C6H6 serves as an electron reservoir for the reduction of N2 to lower the crucial energy barrier of N≡N splitting. This work demonstrates that the flexibility of C6H6 in terms of withdrawing and donating electrons is crucial to regulating the electronic structures of the metal cluster and enhancing the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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9
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Duletski OL, Arulsamy N, Mock MT. Synthesis, characterization, and liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis of pincer ligated group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) carbonyl complexes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:58-64. [PMID: 36648176 DOI: 10.1177/14690667221149498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of molybdenum and tungsten bromo dicarbonyl complexes (POCOPtBu)MIIBr(CO)2 (M = Mo or W; POCOPtBu = κ3-C6H3-1,3-[OP(tBu)2]2) supported by an anionic PCP pincer ligand, and the chromium complex (PNPtBu)Cr0(CO)3 (PNPtBu = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butyl-phosphinomethyl)pyridine) bearing a neutral PNP pincer scaffold. The three group six complexes described in this study have been characterized by Liquid Injection Field Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LIFDI-MS), NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show the MoII and WII complexes adopt a six-coordinate distorted trigonal prismatic geometry, whereas the Cr0 complex exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Duletski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 33052Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Michael T Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 33052Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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10
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Near ambient N2 fixation on solid electrodes versus enzymes and homogeneous catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:184-201. [PMID: 37117902 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mo/Fe nitrogenase enzyme is unique in its ability to efficiently reduce dinitrogen to ammonia at atmospheric pressures and room temperature. Should an artificial electrolytic device achieve the same feat, it would revolutionize fertilizer production and even provide an energy-dense, truly carbon-free fuel. This Review provides a coherent comparison of recent progress made in dinitrogen fixation on solid electrodes, homogeneous catalysts and nitrogenases. Specific emphasis is placed on systems for which there is unequivocal evidence that dinitrogen reduction has taken place. By establishing the cross-cutting themes and synergies between these systems, we identify viable avenues for future research.
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11
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Schmitt M, Krossing I. Terminal end-on coordination of dinitrogen versus isoelectronic CO: A comparison using the charge displacement analysis. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:149-158. [PMID: 35312076 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The metal dinitrogen bonding in a wide series of terminal end-on dinitrogen complexes is investigated with the charge displacement analysis based on natural orbitals of chemical valence (CD-NOCV). The effect of the σ donation and π backdonation on the NN bond are discussed and compared with the observations for a series of carbonyl complexes, published in 2016 by Tarantelli et al. The σ donation is relative invariant over the series of dinitrogen complexes and has no significant effect on the NN bond strength, whereas the π backdonation causes a considerable elongation of the NN bond. Some uncommon examples of weakly bound dinitrogen with blue-shifted stretching frequency compared to free N2 (ν = 2330 cm-1 ) are known. The dinitrogen bonding in these complexes is simulated with a point charge. Apparently, electrostatics account for the shortened N─N bond in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Shima T, Zhuo Q, Hou Z. Dinitrogen activation and transformation by multimetallic polyhydride complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Recent advances in catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes under mild reaction conditions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Johansen CM, Boyd EA, Peters JC. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of N 2 to NH 3 via a photoredox catalysis strategy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade3510. [PMID: 36288295 PMCID: PMC9604530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by momentum in applications of reductive photoredox catalysis to organic synthesis, photodriven transfer hydrogenations toward deep (>2 e-) reductions of small molecules are attractive compared to using harsh chemical reagents. Noteworthy in this context is the nitrogen reduction reaction (N2RR), where a synthetic photocatalyst system had yet to be developed. Noting that a reduced Hantzsch ester (HEH2) and related organic structures can behave as 2 e-/2 H+ photoreductants, we show here that, when partnered with a suitable catalyst (Mo) under blue light irradiation, HEH2 facilitates delivery of successive H2 equivalents for the 6 e-/6 H+ catalytic reduction of N2 to NH3; this catalysis is enhanced by addition of a photoredox catalyst (Ir). Reductions of additional substrates (nitrate and acetylene) are also described.
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15
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Ouellette ET, Magdalenski JS, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Heterobimetallic-Mediated Dinitrogen Functionalization: N-C Bond Formation at Rhenium-Group 9 Diazenido Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16064-16071. [PMID: 36150135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of rhenium-group 9 heterobimetallic diazenido species (η5-Cp)Re(μ-BDI)(μ-N2)M(η4-COD) (1-M, M = Ir or Rh, Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), formed from salt elimination reactions between Na[(η5-Cp)Re(BDI)] and [MCl(η4-COD)]2. Additionally, we find that these same reagents react under an argon atmosphere to instead produce bridging hydride complexes (BDI)Re(μ-η5:η1-C5H4)(μ-H)M(η4-COD) (2-M), which undergo rearrangements upon protonation to form the alternative bridging hydrides [(η5-Cp)Re(μ-BDI)(μ-H)M(η4-COD)][(B(m-C6H3(CF3)2)4)] (3-M). Further, we demonstrate the first example of N-C bond formation at a heterobimetallic dinitrogen complex through reactions of 1-M and methyl triflate, which produces the alkylated species [(η5-Cp)Re(μ-N(Me)N)(μ-BDI)M(η4-COD)][OTf] (4-M, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate). A combination of spectroscopic studies, X-ray structural analysis, and computational investigations is discussed as an aid to understanding the modes of dinitrogen activation within these unique heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian S Magdalenski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Dai C, Zhu J. Predicting dinitrogen activation by borenium and borinium cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14651-14657. [PMID: 35670503 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert dinitrogen (N2) has been a great challenge due to the significant strength of the triple bond. Recently, in an experimental study on N2 activation by boron species, a highly reactive two-coordinated borylene broke through the limitations of traditional strategies of N2 activation by metal species. Still, studies on metal-free N2 activation remain underdeveloped. Here, we systematically investigate a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) combining carbene and borenium (or borinium) cations to screen potential candidates for N2 activation via density functional theory calculations. As a result, we found that two FLPs (closed form FLP, borenium and open form FLP, borinium) are able to activate N2 in a thermodynamically and kinetically favorable manner, with a low energy barrier of 9.6 and 7.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, aromaticity was found to play an important role in the stabilization of the products, supported by nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS), anisotropy of the current-induced density (ACID) and electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB) analysis. Our findings provide an alternative approach for metal-free N2 activation, highlighting the importance of FLP chemistry and aromaticity in N2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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17
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Dai C, Huang Y, Zhu J. Predicting Dinitrogen Activation by Carborane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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18
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G Jafari M, Fehn D, Reinholdt A, Hernández-Prieto C, Patel P, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Krzystek J, Liu C, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Delferro M, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Tale of Three Molecular Nitrides: Mononuclear Vanadium (V) and (IV) Nitrides As Well As a Mixed-Valence Trivanadium Nitride Having a V 3N 4 Double-Diamond Core. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10201-10219. [PMID: 35652694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmetallation of [VCl3(THF)3] and [TlTptBu,Me] afforded [(TptBu,Me)VCl2] (1, TptBu,Me = hydro-tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate), which was reduced with KC8 to form a C3v symmetric VII complex, [(TptBu,Me)VCl] (2). Complex 1 has a high-spin (S = 1) ground state and displays rhombic high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectra, while complex 2 has an S = 3/2 4A2 ground state observable by conventional EPR spectroscopy. Complex 1 reacts with NaN3 to form the VV nitride-azide complex [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(N3)] (3). A likely VIII azide intermediate en route to 3, [(TptBu,Me)VCl(N3)] (4), was isolated by reacting 1 with N3SiMe3. Complex 4 is thermally stable but reacts with NaN3 to form 3, implying a bis-azide intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V(N3)2] (A), leading to 3. Reduction of 3 with KC8 furnishes a trinuclear and mixed-valent nitride, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(μ4-VN4)] (5), conforming to a Robin-Day class I description. Complex 5 features a central vanadium ion supported only by bridging nitride ligands. Contrary to 1, complex 2 reacts with NaN3 to produce an azide-bridged dimer, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(1,3-μ2-N3)2] (6), with two antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin VII ions. Complex 5 could be independently produced along with [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V] upon photolysis of 6 in arene solvents. The putative {VIV≡N} intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V≡N] (B), was intercepted by photolyzing 6 in a coordinating solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), yielding [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(THF)] (B-THF). In arene solvents, B-THF expels THF to afford 5 and [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V]. A more stable adduct (B-OPPh3) was prepared by reacting B-THF with OPPh3. These adducts of B are the first neutral and mononuclear VIV nitride complexes to be isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cristina Hernández-Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Prajay Patel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Kfoury J, Benedek Z, Szilvási T, Oláh J. H 2 and N 2 Binding Affinities Are Coupled in Synthetic Fe Nitrogenases Limiting N 2 Fixation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kfoury
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Benedek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Julianna Oláh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Ashida Y, Egi A, Arashiba K, Tanaka H, Mitsumoto T, Kuriyama S, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen into Ammonia and Hydrazine by Using Chromium Complexes Bearing PCP-Type Pincer Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200557. [PMID: 35199891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromium-halide, -nitride, and -dinitrogen complexes bearing carbene- and phosphine-based PCP-type pincer ligands has been newly prepared, and some of them are found to work as effective catalysts to reduce dinitrogen under atmospheric pressure, whereby up to 11.60 equiv. of ammonia and 2.52 equiv. of hydrazine (16.6 equiv. of fixed N atom) are produced based on the chromium atom. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful example of chromium-catalyzed conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia and hydrazine under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taichi Mitsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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21
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Synthesis and Reactivity of Manganese Complexes Bearing Anionic PNP- and PCP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072373. [PMID: 35408764 PMCID: PMC9000597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of manganese complexes bearing an anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand and an anionic benzene-based PCP-type pincer ligand is synthesized and characterized. The reactivity of these complexes toward ammonia formation and silylamine formation from dinitrogen under mild conditions is evaluated to produce only stoichiometric amounts of ammonia and silylamine, probably because the manganese pincer complexes are unstable under reducing conditions.
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22
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Yang JH, Peng M, Zhai DD, Xiao D, Shi ZJ, Yao S, Ma D. Fixation of N2 into Value-Added Organic Chemicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-He Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Xu S, Essex LA, Nguyen JQ, Farias P, Ziller JW, Harman WH, Evans WJ. Cooperative dinitrogen capture by a diboraanthracene/samarocene pair. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15000-15002. [PMID: 34693957 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a boron Lewis acid and a decamethylsamarocene, specifically 9,10-Me2-9,10-diboraanthracene with (C5Me5)2SmII(THF)2, in toluene leads to cooperative reductive capture of N2. The product crystallizes as the salt, [(C5Me5)2SmIII(THF)2][(C5Me5)2SmIII(η2-N2B2C14H14)], 1, which formally is comprised of an (NN)2- moiety sandwiched between a [(C5Me5)2SmIII]1+ metallocene cation and the diboraanthracene ditopic Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Laura A Essex
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Joseph Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Phillip Farias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - W Hill Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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24
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Pfeil M, Engesser TA, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Bonding and Activation of N
2
in Molybdenum(0) Complexes Supported by Tripod Ligands with Phospholane End Groups. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Pfeil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
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25
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Song H, Lee E. Theoretical Assessment of Dinitrogen Fixation on Carbon Atom. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2421-2425. [PMID: 34250740 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrogen activation in non-metallic systems has received considerable attention in recent years. Herein, we report the theoretical feasibility of N2 fixation using aminocarbenes (L) or their anionic derivatives. The molecular descriptors of L and anionic L- , which affect the interaction of L and anionic L- with N2 , were identified through multiple linear regression analysis. Additionally, the electron flow during C-N bond formation was confirmed by performing intrinsic reaction coordination calculations with intrinsic bond orbital analysis for the reaction of anionic L- with N2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate school of artificial intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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26
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Li M, Gupta SK, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Meyer F. Merging Pincer Motifs and Potential Metal-Metal Cooperativity in Cobalt Dinitrogen Chemistry: Efficient Catalytic Silylation of N 2 to N(SiMe 3 ) 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14480-14487. [PMID: 33829680 PMCID: PMC8251579 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a pyrazolate-bridged dinucleating ligand that provides two proximate pincer-type PNN binding sites ("two-in-one pincer"), different synthetic routes have been developed towards its dicobalt(I) complex 2 that features a twice deprotonated ligand backbone and two weakly activated terminal N2 substrate ligands directed into the bimetallic pocket. Protonation of 2 is shown to occur at the ligand scaffold and to trigger conversion to a tetracobalt(I) complex 4 with two end-on μ1,2 -bridging N2 ; in THF 4 is labile and undergoes temperature-dependent N2 /triflate ligand exchange. These pyrazolate-based systems combine the potential of exhibiting both metal-metal and metal-ligand cooperativity, viz. two concepts that have emerged as promising design motifs for molecular N2 fixation catalysts. Complex 2 serves as an efficient (pre)catalyst for the reductive silylation of N2 into N(SiMe3 )3 (using KC8 and Me3 SiCl), yielding up to 240 equiv N(SiMe3 )3 per catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Sandeep K. Gupta
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
- Universität GöttingenInternational Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC)Tammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
- Universität GöttingenWöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Tammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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27
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White MV, Kirkland JK, Vogiatzis KD. Redox states of dinitrogen coordinated to a molybdenum atom. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224308. [PMID: 34241210 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical structures bearing a molybdenum atom have been suggested for the catalytic reduction of N2 at ambient conditions. Previous computational studies on gas-phase MoN and MoN2 species have focused only on neutral structures. Here, an ab initio electronic structure study on the redox states of small clusters composed of nitrogen and molybdenum is presented. The complete-active space self-consistent field method and its extension via second-order perturbative complement have been applied on [MoN]n and [MoN2]n species (n = 0, 1±, 2±). Three different coordination modes (end-on, side-on, and linear NMoN) have been considered for the triatomic [MoN2]n. Our results demonstrate that the reduced states of such systems lead to a greater degree of N2 activation, which can be the starting point of different reaction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
| | - Justin K Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
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28
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Egi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Ammonia Formation Catalyzed by a Dinitrogen‐Bridged Dirhenium Complex Bearing PNP‐Pincer Ligands under Mild Reaction Conditions**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University Minami-ku Nagoya 457-8530 Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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29
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Egi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Ammonia Formation Catalyzed by a Dinitrogen-Bridged Dirhenium Complex Bearing PNP-Pincer Ligands under Mild Reaction Conditions*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13906-13912. [PMID: 33835664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of rhenium complexes bearing a pyridine-based PNP-type pincer ligand are synthesized from rhenium phosphine complexes as precursors. A dinitrogen-bridged dirhenium complex bearing the PNP-type pincer ligands catalytically converts dinitrogen into ammonia during the reaction with KC8 as a reductant and [HPCy3 ]BArF 4 (Cy=cyclohexyl, ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ) as a proton source at -78 °C to afford 8.4 equiv of ammonia based on the rhenium atom of the catalyst. The rhenium-dinitrogen complex also catalyzes silylation of dinitrogen in the reaction with KC8 as a reductant and Me3 SiCl as a silylating reagent under ambient reaction conditions to afford 11.7 equiv of tris(trimethylsilyl)amine based on the rhenium atom of the catalyst. These results demonstrate the first successful example of catalytic nitrogen fixation under mild reaction conditions using rhenium-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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30
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31
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Li M, Gupta SK, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Meyer F. Merging Pincer Motifs and Potential Metal–Metal Cooperativity in Cobalt Dinitrogen Chemistry: Efficient Catalytic Silylation of N
2
to N(SiMe
3
)
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sandeep K. Gupta
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Universität Göttingen International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) Tammannstrasse 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Universität Göttingen Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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32
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Comprehensive insights into synthetic nitrogen fixation assisted by molecular catalysts under ambient or mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5201-5242. [PMID: 33651046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions, whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has prompted development of alternative methods to fix N2 catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes. Since the early 21st century, catalytic conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions has been achieved by using molecular catalysts, and now H2O has been utilized as a proton source with turnover frequencies reaching the values found for biological nitrogen fixation. In this review, recent advances in the development of molecular catalysts for synthetic N2 fixation under ambient or mild conditions are summarized, and potential directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Development of catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal complexes not relevant to nitrogenases. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen W, Dodonov VA, Sokolov VG, Liu L, Baranov EV, Zhao Y, Fedushkin IL, Yang XJ. Activation of Nitrogen-Rich Substrates by Low-Valent, Redox-Active Aluminum Species. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Sokolov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Ashida Y, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic conversion of nitrogen molecule into ammonia using molybdenum complexes under ambient reaction conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1176-1189. [PMID: 33443504 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation using homogeneous transition metal complexes under mild reaction conditions is a challenging topic in the field of chemistry. Several successful examples of the catalytic conversion of nitrogen molecule into ammonia using various transition metal complexes in the presence of reductants and proton sources have been reported so far, together with detailed investigations on the reaction mechanism. Among these, only molybdenum complexes have been shown to serve as effective catalysts under ambient reaction conditions, in stark contrast with other transition metal-catalysed reactions that proceed at low reaction temperature such as -78 °C. In this feature article, we classify the molybdenum-catalysed reactions into four types: reactions via the Schrock cycle, reactions via dinuclear reaction systems, reactions via direct cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond of dinitrogen, and reactions via the Chatt-type cycle. We describe these catalytic systems focusing on the catalytic activity and mechanistic investigations. We hope that the present feature article provides useful information to develop more efficient nitrogen fixation systems under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Tomioka N, Nanbu S, Misawa-Suzuki T, Nagao H. N–C bond formation between two anilines coordinated to a ruthenium center in cis-form affording a 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diimine moiety. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36644-36650. [PMID: 35494383 PMCID: PMC9043462 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07736h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-electron oxidation of two anilines coordinated to a ruthenium(ii) center in a cis-form affords N1-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diimine through an N–C bond formation with N–H and C–H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Tomioka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Shinkoh Nanbu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Misawa-Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nagao
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
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Abstract
An overview of the available methods to functionalize dinitrogen with boron reagents using transition metal complexes is given.
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38
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Labrum NS, Cabelof AC, Caulton KG. A Dimeric Chromium(II) Pincer as an Electron Shuttle for N=N Bond Scission. Chemistry 2020; 26:13915-13926. [PMID: 32428366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the bis-pyrazolyl pyridine complex [CrL]2 with 4 KC8 , followed by addition of one azobenzene (overall mole ratio 1:4:1), PhNNPh, transfers reducing equivalents to three azobenzenes, to form [K3 Cr(PhNNPh)3 ]. This has three κ2 PhNNPh2- ligands and K+ bound to nitrogen atoms of azobenzene. When the stoichiometry is modified to 1:4:3, the product is changed to [K2 CrL(PhNNPh)2 ], which has C2 symmetry except for the intimate ion pairing of two K+ ions to reduced azobenzene nitrogen atoms, and to pyrazolate and phenyl rings. The origin of the observed delivery of reducing equivalents to several, not to a single N=N bond, is traced to the resistance of the one-electron-reduced substrate to receiving a second electron, and is thus a general phenomenon. [CrL]2 alone is shown to be a two-electron reductant towards benzo[c]cinnoline (BCC) resulting in a product of formula [Cr2 L2 (BCC)], in which the reducing equivalents originate purely from CrII . An analogous study of the reaction of [CrL]2 with azobenzene yields [Cr2 L2 (PhNNPh)(THF)], an adduct in which one THF has displaced one of four hydrazide nitrogen/Cr bonds. Together these illustrate different modes for the Cr2 L2 unit to bind and reduce the N=N bond. Collectively, these results show that two divalent Cr, without added K0 , have the ability to reduce the N=N bond. Further KC8 reduction of preformed Cr2 L2 (RNNR) inevitably gives products in which K+ stabilizes the charge in the increasingly electron-rich nitrogen atoms, in a phenomenon which mimics proton coupled electron transfer: K+ performs the role of H+ . A least-squares fit of the two singly reduced DFT structures shows that the only major change is a re-orientation of one of the two phenyl rings in order to avoid repulsion with potassium but to still allow interaction of that phenyl π system with K+ . This shows both the impact of K+ , being modest to nitrogen/chromium interactions, but nevertheless accommodating some π donation of phenyl to potassium. Finally, delivering increasing equivalents of KC8 leads to complete cleavage of the N=N bond, and both N bind to three CrII . The varied impacts of the K+ electrophile on NN multiple bond reduction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Labrum
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
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Dunn PL, Cook BJ, Johnson SI, Appel AM, Bullock RM. Oxidation of Ammonia with Molecular Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17845-17858. [PMID: 32977718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of ammonia by molecular complexes is a burgeoning area of research, with critical scientific challenges that must be addressed. A fundamental understanding of individual reaction steps is needed, particularly for cleavage of N-H bonds and formation of N-N bonds. This Perspective evaluates the challenges of designing molecular catalysts for oxidation of ammonia and highlights recent key contributions to realizing the goals of viable energy storage and retrieval based on the N-H bonds of ammonia in a carbon-free energy cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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40
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Benedek Z, Papp M, Oláh J, Szilvási T. Demonstrating the Direct Relationship between Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Catalyst Deactivation in Synthetic Fe Nitrogenases. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Benedek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcell Papp
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Oláh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Arashiba K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Cycling between Molybdenum‐Dinitrogen and ‐Nitride Complexes to Support the Reaction Pathway for Catalytic Formation of Ammonia from Dinitrogen. Chemistry 2020; 26:13383-13389. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Systems Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1 13-8656 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences Daido University Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku Nagoya 457-8530 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1 13-8656 Japan
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42
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Abstract
A persistent challenge in chemistry is to activate abundant, yet inert molecules such as hydrocarbons and atmospheric N2. In particular, forming C–N bonds from N2 typically requires a reactive organic precursor1, which limits the ability to design catalytic cycles. Here, we report an diketiminate-supported iron system that is able to sequentially activate benzene and N2 to form aniline derivatives. The key to this new coupling reaction is the partial silylation of a reduced iron-N2 complex, which is followed by migratory insertion of a benzene-derived phenyl group to the nitrogen. Further reduction releases the nitrogen products, and the resulting iron species can re-enter the cyclic pathway. Using a mixture of sodium powder, crown ether, and trimethylsilyl bromide, an easily prepared diketiminate iron bromide complex2 can mediate the one-pot conversion of several petroleum-derived compounds into the corresponding silylated aniline derivatives using N2 as the nitrogen source. Numerous compounds along the cyclic pathway have been isolated and crystallographically characterized; their reactivity outlines the mechanism including the hydrocarbon activation step and the N2 functionalization step. This strategy incorporates nitrogen atoms from N2 directly into abundant hydrocarbons.
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Abstract
Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.
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Kawakami R, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Konomi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Iridium-catalyzed Formation of Silylamine from Dinitrogen under Ambient Reaction Conditions. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Science, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - Asuka Konomi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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45
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Arnold PL, Ochiai T, Lam FYT, Kelly RP, Seymour ML, Maron L. Metallacyclic actinide catalysts for dinitrogen conversion to ammonia and secondary amines. Nat Chem 2020; 12:654-659. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chalkley MJ, Drover MW, Peters JC. Catalytic N 2-to-NH 3 (or -N 2H 4) Conversion by Well-Defined Molecular Coordination Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5582-5636. [PMID: 32352271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N2, to give NH3, is one of the most challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers associated with this reaction, significant progress has been made in developing molecular complexes that reduce N2 into its bioavailable form, NH3. This progress is driven by the dual aims of better understanding biological nitrogenases and improving upon industrial nitrogen fixation. In this review, we highlight both mechanistic understanding of nitrogen fixation that has been developed, as well as advances in yields, efficiencies, and rates that make molecular alternatives to nitrogen fixation increasingly appealing. We begin with a historical discussion of N2 functionalization chemistry that traverses a timeline of events leading up to the discovery of the first bona fide molecular catalyst system and follow with a comprehensive overview of d-block compounds that have been targeted as catalysts up to and including 2019. We end with a summary of lessons learned from this significant research effort and last offer a discussion of key remaining challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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47
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Sivasankar C, Madarasi PK, Tamizmani M. Activation and Functionalization of Dinitrogen in the Presence of Molecular Hydrogen Promoted by Transition Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University R. V. Nagar 605 014 Puducherry India
| | | | - Masilamani Tamizmani
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
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48
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Egi A, Tanaka H, Konomi A, Nishibayashi Y, Yoshizawa K. Nitrogen Fixation Catalyzed by Dinitrogen‐Bridged Dimolybdenum Complexes Bearing PCP‐ and PNP‐Type Pincer Ligands: A Shortcut Pathway Deduced from Free Energy Profiles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University Nishi‐ku 819‐0395 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences Daido University Takiharu‐cho, Minami‐ku 457‐8530 Nagoya Japan
| | - Asuka Konomi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University Nishi‐ku 819‐0395 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku 113‐8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS Kyushu University Nishi‐ku 819‐0395 Fukuoka Japan
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Terminal uranium(V)-nitride hydrogenations involving direct addition or Frustrated Lewis Pair mechanisms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 31953390 PMCID: PMC6969212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as mechanistic models for heterogeneous Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen and dihydrogen, homogeneous molecular terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards dihydrogen, and only a few electron-rich, low-coordinate variants demonstrate any hydrogenolysis chemistry. Here, we report hydrogenolysis of a terminal uranium(V)-nitride under mild conditions even though it is electron-poor and not low-coordinate. Two divergent hydrogenolysis mechanisms are found; direct 1,2-dihydrogen addition across the uranium(V)-nitride then H-atom 1,1-migratory insertion to give a uranium(III)-amide, or with trimesitylborane a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) route that produces a uranium(IV)-amide with sacrificial trimesitylborane radical anion. An isostructural uranium(VI)-nitride is inert to hydrogenolysis, suggesting the 5f1 electron of the uranium(V)-nitride is not purely non-bonding. Further FLP reactivity between the uranium(IV)-amide, dihydrogen, and triphenylborane is suggested by the formation of ammonia-triphenylborane. A reactivity cycle for ammonia synthesis is demonstrated, and this work establishes a unique marriage of actinide and FLP chemistries. Despite their importance as mechanistic models for Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, high oxidation state terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards H2. Here, the authors report hydrogenolysis of a uranium(V)-nitride, which can occur directly or by Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry with a borane ancillary.
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50
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Wiedmaier NR, Speth H, Leistikow G, Eichele K, Schubert H, Mayer HA, Wesemann L. Conformation controlled stepwise hydride shuffling from the metal to the ligand backbone. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7218-7227. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protonation of the benzo annulated cycloheptatriene PCP pincer ruthenium hydrido dicarbonyl complex using the superacid [H(Et2O)2][BArF24] launches a cascade of hydride shifts which lead to the hydrogenation of the ligand backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hansjörg Speth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Georg Leistikow
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Hermann A. Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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