1
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Trogadas P, Xu L, Coppens M. From Biomimicking to Bioinspired Design of Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction to C 1 Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314446. [PMID: 37795670 PMCID: PMC10962605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2 RR) is a promising approach to maintain a carbon cycle balance and produce value-added chemicals. However, CO2 RR technology is far from mature, since the conventional CO2 RR electrocatalysts suffer from low activity (leading to currents <10 mA cm-2 in an H-cell), stability (<120 h), and selectivity. Hence, they cannot meet the requirements for commercial applications (>200 mA cm-2 , >8000 h, >90 % selectivity). Significant improvements are possible by taking inspiration from nature, considering biological organisms that efficiently catalyze the CO2 to various products. In this minireview, we present recent examples of enzyme-inspired and enzyme-mimicking CO2 RR electrocatalysts enabling the production of C1 products with high faradaic efficiency (FE). At present, these designs do not typically follow a methodical approach, but rather focus on isolated features of biological systems. To achieve disruptive change, we advocate a systematic design methodology that leverages fundamental mechanisms associated with desired properties in nature and adapts them to the context of engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Trogadas
- EPSRC “Frontier Engineering” Centre for Nature Inspired EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom
| | - Linlin Xu
- EPSRC “Frontier Engineering” Centre for Nature Inspired EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc‐Olivier Coppens
- EPSRC “Frontier Engineering” Centre for Nature Inspired EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom
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2
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Adabi S, Yazdanbakhsh A, Shahsavani A, Sheikhmohammadi A, Hadi M. Removal of heavy metals from the aqueous solution by nanomaterials: a review with analysing and categorizing the studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:305-318. [PMID: 37869595 PMCID: PMC10584792 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology and its application in various sciences, scientists have investigated the use of nanoparticles as adsorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions all over the world. So far, the results of many of these studies have been published in reputable journals. Obviously, reviewing these articles and summarizing the results of these studies from different aspects will provide new perspectives for the development of this technology for heavy metals removal from water. So the current study was performed to review the results of the published studies between 1/January/1980 to 1/January/2022. The focus of the study is on the analysis of these studies and their classification. In addition, a more detailed investigation was carried out. Among the 5155 articles, 576 articles were included based on Cochrane protocols. Results show that most of the studies (90.8%) were conducted on a laboratory scale and used synthetic solutions. Most studies were performed for Pb, Cd and Cu, removal respectively. Compared to other countries, authors with affiliation from China and Iran have published more articles. The ranking of the use of various nanomaterials were: nanocomposites > metal oxide nanomaterials > metal-based nanomaterials > carbon-based nanomaterials > dendrimers, with the wide range of sizes from less than 10 nm to several hundreds of nanometers. The required amount of carbon-based nanoparticles to remove many heavy metals were lower than other nanoparticles. In most studies, pH ≤ 7 has been reported as optimal. Most studies have been followed pseudo second-order and pseudo first-order reactions and have been more agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms respectively. The results of studies show that the synthesis and optimization of new nanomaterials can be considered as a new and competitive technology. However, more studies are needed to investigate the removal of heavy metals in real samples and to overcome some challenges in the full-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Adabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sheikhmohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadi
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Barbero A, Rotundo L, Reviglio C, Gobetto R, Sokolova R, Fiedler J, Nervi C. New Spectroelectrochemical Insights into Manganese and Rhenium Bipyridine Complexes as Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Molecules 2023; 28:7535. [PMID: 38005257 PMCID: PMC10673266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the behavior of different complexes using IR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), a technique that combines IR spectroscopy with electrochemistry. Four different Mn and Re catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction were studied in dry acetonitrile. In the case of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br (apbpy = 4(4-aminophenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), SEC suggested that a very slow catalytic reduction of CO2 also occurs in acetonitrile in the absence of proton donors, but at rather negative potentials. In contrast, the corresponding Re(apbpy)(CO)3Br clearly demonstrated slow catalytic conversion at the first reduction potential. Switching to saturated CO2 solutions in a mixture of acetonitrile and 5% water as a proton donor, the SEC of Mn(apbpy)(CO)3Br displayed a faster catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- CIRCC (Interuniversitary Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Rotundo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Chiara Reviglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- CIRCC (Interuniversitary Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- CIRCC (Interuniversitary Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Romana Sokolova
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fiedler
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- CIRCC (Interuniversitary Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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4
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Xie W, Xu J, Md Idros U, Katsuhira J, Fuki M, Hayashi M, Yamanaka M, Kobori Y, Matsubara R. Metal-free reduction of CO 2 to formate using a photochemical organohydride-catalyst recycling strategy. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01157-6. [PMID: 36959509 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere is a problem that must be urgently resolved if the rise in current global temperatures is to be slowed. Chemically reducing CO2 into compounds that are useful as energy sources and carbon-based materials could be helpful in this regard. However, for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to be operational on a global scale, the catalyst system must: use only renewable energy, be built from abundantly available elements and not require high-energy reactants. Although light is an attractive renewable energy source, most existing CO2RR methods use electricity and many of the catalysts used are based on rare heavy metals. Here we present a transition-metal-free catalyst system that uses an organohydride catalyst based on benzimidazoline for the CO2RR that can be regenerated using a carbazole photosensitizer and visible light. The system is capable of producing formate with a turnover number exceeding 8,000 and generates no other reduced products (such as H2 and CO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ubaidah Md Idros
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jouji Katsuhira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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5
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Masood Z, Ge Q. Mechanism and Selectivity of Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 on Metalloporphyrin Catalysts from DFT Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010375. [PMID: 36615568 PMCID: PMC9823635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals has been hindered by poor product selectivity and competition from hydrogen evolution reactions. This study aims to unravel the origin of the product selectivity and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction on [MP]0 catalysts (M = Fe, Co, Rh and Ir; P is porphyrin ligand) by analyzing the mechanism of CO2 reduction and H2 formation based on the results of density functional theory calculations. Reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOO- proceeds via the formation of carboxylate adduct ([MP-COOH]0 and ([MP-COOH]-) and metal-hydride [MP-H]-, respectively. Competing proton reduction to gaseous hydrogen shares the [MP-H]- intermediate. Our results show that the pKa of [MP-H]0 can be used as an indicator of the CO or HCOO-/H2 preference. Furthermore, an ergoneutral pH has been determined and used to determine the minimum pH at which selective CO2 reduction to HCOO- becomes favorable over the H2 production. These analyses allow us to understand the product selectivity of CO2 reduction on [FeP]0, [CoP]0, [RhP]0 and [IrP]0; [FeP]0 and [CoP]0 are selective for CO whereas [RhP]0 and [IrP]0 are selective for HCOO- while suppressing H2 formation. These descriptors should be applicable to other catalysts in an aqueous medium.
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6
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Pugliese S, Huan NT, Solé-Daura A, Li Y, Rivera de la Cruz JG, Forte J, Zanna S, Krief A, Su BL, Fontecave M. CO 2 Electroreduction in Water with a Heterogenized C-Substituted Nickel Cyclam Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15841-15852. [PMID: 36166338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis for selective CO2 electroreduction into CO can be achieved with a variety of metal complexes. Their immobilization on cathodes is required for their practical implementation in electrolytic cells and can benefit from the advantages of a solid material such as easy separation of products and catalysts, efficient electron transfer to the catalyst, and high stability. However, this approach remains insufficiently explored up to now. Here, using an appropriate and original modification of the cyclam ligand, we report a novel [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complex which can be immobilized on carbon nanotubes. This material, once deposited on a gas diffusion layer, provides a novel electrode which is remarkably selective for CO2 electroreduction to CO, not only in organic solvents but also, more remarkably, in water, with faradic efficiencies for CO larger than 90% and current densities of 5-10 mA cm-2 during controlled potential electrolysis in H-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pugliese
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Ngoc Tran Huan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Albert Solé-Daura
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yun Li
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jose-Guillermo Rivera de la Cruz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jérémy Forte
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232 CNRS, Plateforme DRX, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Sandrine Zanna
- PSL Research University-CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Krief
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de France-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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7
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Greenwell F, Neri G, Piercy V, Cowan AJ. Noncovalent immobilization of a nickel cyclam catalyst on carbon electrodes for CO2 reduction using aqueous electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Lewis LC, Shafaat HS. Reversible Electron Transfer and Substrate Binding Support [NiFe 3S 4] Ferredoxin as a Protein-Based Model for [NiFe] Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13869-13875. [PMID: 34488341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-iron carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme catalyzes the reversible and selective interconversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) with high rates and negligible overpotential. Despite decades of research, many questions remain about this complex metalloenzyme system. A simplified model enzyme could provide substantial insight into biological carbon cycling. Here, we demonstrate reversible electron transfer and binding of both CO and cyanide, a substrate and an inhibitor of CODH, respectively, in a Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf) ferredoxin (Fd) protein that has been reconstituted with a nickel-iron sulfide cluster ([NiFe3S4] Fd). The [NiFe3S4] cluster mimics the core of the native CODH active site and thus serves as a protein-based structural model of the CODH subsite. Notably, despite binding cyanide, no CO binding is observed for the physiological [Fe4S4] clusters in Pf Fd, providing chemical rationale underlying the evolution of a site-differentiated cluster for substrate conversion in native CODH. The demonstration of a substrate-binding metalloprotein model of CODH sets the stage for high-resolution spectroscopic and mechanistic studies correlating the subsite structure and function, ultimately guiding the design of anthropogenic catalysts that harness the advantages of CODH for effective CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hannah S Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Edington SC, Perez EH, Charboneau DJ, Menges FS, Hazari N, Johnson MA. Chemical Reduction of Ni II Cyclam and Characterization of Isolated Ni I Cyclam with Cryogenic Vibrational Spectroscopy and Inert-Gas-Mediated High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6715-6721. [PMID: 34324319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NiII cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) is an efficient catalyst for the selective reduction of CO2 to CO. A crucial elementary step in the proposed catalytic cycle is the coordination of CO2 to a NiI cyclam intermediate. Isolation and spectroscopic characterization of this labile NiI species without solvent has proven to be challenging, however, and only partial IR spectra have previously been reported using multiple photon fragmentation of ions generated by gas-phase electron transfer to the NiII cyclam dication at 300 K. Here, we report a chemical reduction method that efficiently prepares NiI cyclam in solution. This enables the NiI complex to be transferred into a cryogenic photofragmentation mass spectrometer using inert-gas-mediated electrospray ionization. The vibrational spectra of the 30 K ion using both H2 and N2 messenger tagging over the range 800-4000 cm-1 were then measured. The resulting spectra were analyzed with the aid of electronic structure calculations, which show strong method dependence in predicted band positions and small molecule activation. The conformational changes of the cyclam ligand induced by binding of the open shell NiI cation were compared with those caused by the spherical, closed-shell LiI cation, which has a similar ionic radius. We also report the vibrational spectrum of a NiI cyclam complex with a strongly bound O2 ligand. The cyclam ligand supporting this species exhibits a large conformational change compared to the complexes with weakly bound N2 and H2, which is likely due to significant charge transfer from Ni to the coordinated O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Edington
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan H Perez
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David J Charboneau
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabian S Menges
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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10
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Masood Z, Ge Q. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO and HCOO - using metal-cyclam complex catalysts: predicting selectivity and limiting potential from DFT. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11446-11457. [PMID: 34346446 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable fuel production from CO2 through electrocatalytic reduction is promising but challenging due to high overpotential and poor product selectivity. Herein, we computed the reaction free energies of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOO- using the density functional theory method and screened transition metal(M)-cyclam(L) complexes as molecular catalysts for CO2 reduction. Our results showed that pKa of the proton adduct formed by the protonation of the reduced metal center can be used as a descriptor to select the operating pH of the solution to steer the reaction toward either the CO or hydride cycle. Among the complexes, [LNi]2+ and [LPd]2+ catalyze the reactions by following the CO cycle and are the CO selective catalysts in the pH ranges 1.81-7.31 and 6.10 and higher, respectively. Among the complexes that catalyze the reactions by following the hydride cycle, [LMo]2+ and [LW]3+ are HCOO- selective catalysts and have low limiting potentials of -1.33 V and -1.54 V, respectively. Other complexes, including [LRh]2+, [LIr]2+, [LW]2+, [LCo]2+, and [LTc]2+ catalyze the reactions resulting in either HCOO- from CO2 reduction or H2 from proton reduction; however, HCOO- formation is always thermodynamically more favorable. Notably, [LMo]2+, [LW]3+, [LW]2+ and [LCo]2+ have limiting potentials less negative than -1.6 V and are based on Earth-abundant elements, making them attractive for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Masood
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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11
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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12
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Fan G, Wasuwanich P, Furst AL. Biohybrid Systems for Improved Bioinspired, Energy-Relevant Catalysis. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2353-2367. [PMID: 33594779 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic catalysts, ranging from small-molecule metal complexes to supramolecular assembles, possess many exciting properties that could address salient challenges in industrial-scale manufacturing. Inspired by natural enzymes, these biohybrid catalytic systems demonstrate superior characteristics, including high activity, enantioselectivity, and enhanced aqueous solubility, over their fully synthetic counterparts. However, instability and limitations in the prediction of structure-function relationships are major drawbacks that often prevent the application of biomimetic catalysts outside of the laboratory. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in synthetic enzyme models have improved our understanding of complicated biological enzymatic processes and enabled the production of catalysts with increased efficiency. This review outlines important developments and future prospects for the design and application of bioinspired and biohybrid systems at multiple length scales for important, biologically relevant, clean energy transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pris Wasuwanich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ariel L Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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14
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Gracia L, Luci L, Bruschi C, Sambri L, Weis P, Fuhr O, Bizzarri C. New Photosensitizers Based on Heteroleptic Cu I Complexes and CO 2 Photocatalytic Reduction with [Ni II (cyclam)]Cl 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:9929-9937. [PMID: 32672408 PMCID: PMC7497214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant metal complexes have been attracting increasing attention in the field of photo(redox)catalysis. In this work, the synthesis and full characterisation of four new heteroleptic CuI complexes are reported, which can work as photosensitizers. The complexes bear a bulky diphosphine (DPEPhos=bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether) and a diimine chelating ligand based on 1-benzyl-4-(quinol-2'yl)-1,2,3-triazole. Their absorption has a relative maximum in the visible-light region, up to 450 nm. Thus, their use in photocatalytic systems for the reduction of CO2 with blue light in combination with the known catalyst [NiII (cyclam)]Cl2 was tested. This system produced CO as the main product through visible light (λ=420 nm) with a TON up to 8 after 4 hours. This value is in line with other photocatalytic systems using the same catalyst. Nevertheless, this system is entirely noble-metal free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa‐Lou Gracia
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Luisa Luci
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 476137KarlsruheGermany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)“Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann von Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676137KarlsruheGermany
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15
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Boutin E, Merakeb L, Ma B, Boudy B, Wang M, Bonin J, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Robert M. Molecular catalysis of CO 2 reduction: recent advances and perspectives in electrochemical and light-driven processes with selected Fe, Ni and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5772-5809. [PMID: 32697210 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant Fe, Ni, and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes have been thoroughly investigated for CO2 electrochemical and visible-light-driven reduction. Since the first reports in the 1970s, an enormous body of work has been accumulated regarding the two-electron two-proton reduction of the gas, along with mechanistic and spectroscopic efforts to rationalize the reactivity and establish guidelines for structure-reactivity relationships. The ability to fine tune the ligand structure and the almost unlimited possibilities of designing new complexes have led to highly selective and efficient catalysts. Recent efforts toward developing hybrid systems upon combining molecular catalysts with conductive or semi-conductive materials have converged to high catalytic performances in water solutions, to the inclusion of these catalysts into CO2 electrolyzers and photo-electrochemical devices, and to the discovery of catalytic pathways beyond two electrons. Combined with the continuous mechanistic efforts and new developments for in situ and in operando spectroscopic studies, molecular catalysis of CO2 reduction remains a highly creative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boutin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - L Merakeb
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - B Ma
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - B Boudy
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - M Wang
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - J Bonin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - E Anxolabéhère-Mallart
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - M Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France. and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
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16
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Edwards EH, Bren KL. Light-driven catalysis with engineered enzymes and biomimetic systems. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:463-483. [PMID: 32588914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to drive catalytic reactions with light, inspired by natural processes like photosynthesis, have a long history and have seen significant recent growth. Successfully engineering systems using biomolecular and bioinspired catalysts to carry out light-driven chemical reactions capitalizes on advantages offered from the fields of biocatalysis and photocatalysis. In particular, driving reactions under mild conditions and in water, in which enzymes are operative, using sunlight as a renewable energy source yield environmentally friendly systems. Furthermore, using enzymes and bioinspired systems can take advantage of the high efficiency and specificity of biocatalysts. There are many challenges to overcome to fully capitalize on the potential of light-driven biocatalysis. In this mini-review, we discuss examples of enzymes and engineered biomolecular catalysts that are activated via electron transfer from a photosensitizer in a photocatalytic system. We place an emphasis on selected forefront chemical reactions of high interest, including CH oxidation, proton reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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17
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Shamir D, Wolfer Y, Shames AI, Albo Y, Burg A. Stabilization of Ni(I)(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)
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in a Sol‐Gel Matrix: It's Plausible Use in Catalytic Processes. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Yaniv Wolfer
- Chemistry Dept.Ben-Gurion University Beer-Sheva Israel
| | | | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Dept.Ariel University Ariel Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Dept.Sami Shamoon College of Engineering Beer-Sheva Israel
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18
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Schneider CR, Lewis LC, Shafaat HS. The good, the neutral, and the positive: buffer identity impacts CO 2 reduction activity by nickel(ii) cyclam. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15810-15821. [PMID: 31560360 PMCID: PMC6843992 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of new synthetic catalysts for CO2 reduction has been a central focus of chemical research efforts towards mitigating rising global carbon dioxide levels. In parallel with generating new molecular systems, characterization and benchmarking of these compounds across well-defined catalytic conditions are essential. Nickel(ii) cyclam is known to be an active catalyst for CO2 reduction to CO. The degree of selectivity and activity has been found to differ widely across electrodes used and upon modification of the ligand environment, though without a molecular-level understanding of this variation. Moreover, while proton transfer is key for catalytic activity, the effects of varying the nature of the proton donor remain unclear. In this work, a systematic investigation of the electrochemical and light-driven catalytic behaviour of nickel(ii) cyclam under different aqueous reaction conditions has been performed. The activity and selectivity are seen to vary widely depending on the nature of the buffering agent, even at a constant pH, highlighting the importance of proton transfer for catalysis. Buffer binding to the nickel center is negatively correlated with selectivity, and cationic buffers show high levels of selectivity and activity. These results are discussed in the context of molecular design principles for developing increasingly efficient and selective catalysts. Moreover, identifying these key contributors towards activity has implications for understanding the role of the conserved secondary coordination environments in naturally occurring CO2-reducing enzymes, including carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Schneider
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Hannah S Shafaat
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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