1
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Cheng KKW, Fingerhut L, Duncan S, Prajna NV, Rossi AG, Mills B. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Microbial Keratitis: Present and Future. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024:101287. [PMID: 39004166 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis (MK) is an infection of the cornea, caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. MK leads to significant morbidity, being the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. There is an urgent requirement to better understand pathogenesis in order to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. Many in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo MK models have been developed and implemented to meet this aim. Here, we present current in vitro and ex vivo MK model systems, examining their varied design, outputs, reporting standards, and strengths and limitations. Major limitations include their relative simplicity and the perceived inability to study the immune response in these MK models, an aspect widely accepted to play a significant role in MK pathogenesis. Consequently, there remains a dependence on in vivo models to study this aspect of MK. However, looking to the future, we draw from the broader field of corneal disease modelling, which utilises, for example, three-dimensional co-culture models and dynamic environments observed in bioreactors and organ-on-a-chip scenarios. These remain unexplored in MK research, but incorporation of these approaches will offer further advances in the field of MK corneal modelling, in particular with the focus of incorporation of immune components which we anticipate will better recapitulate pathogenesis and yield novel findings, therefore contributing to the enhancement of MK outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kah Wai Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Fingerhut
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Venkatesh Prajna
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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2
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Koçak G, Uyulgan S, Polatlı E, Sarı V, Kahveci B, Bursali A, Binokay L, Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Mardinoğlu A, Karakülah G, Utine CA, Güven S. Generation of Anterior Segment of the Eye Cells from hiPSCs in Microfluidic Platforms. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400018. [PMID: 38640945 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ophthalmic diseases affect many people, causing partial or total loss of vision and a reduced quality of life. The anterior segment of the eye accounts for nearly half of all visual impairment that can lead to blindness. Therefore, there is a growing demand for ocular research and regenerative medicine that specifically targets the anterior segment to improve vision quality. This study aims to generate a microfluidic platform for investigating the formation of the anterior segment of the eye derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) under various spatial-mechanoresponsive conditions. Microfluidic platforms are developed to examine the effects of dynamic conditions on the generation of hiPSCs-derived ocular organoids. The differentiation protocol is validated, and mechanoresponsive genes are identified through transcriptomic analysis. Several culture strategies is implemented for the anterior segment of eye cells in a microfluidic chip. hiPSC-derived cells showed anterior eye cell characteristics in mRNA and protein expression levels under dynamic culture conditions. The expression levels of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) and PIEZO1, varied depending on the differentiation and growth conditions of the cells, as well as the metabolomic profiles under dynamic culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Koçak
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Sude Uyulgan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Elifsu Polatlı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Vedat Sarı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Burak Kahveci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Bursali
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Leman Binokay
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, 06100, Türkiye
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Canan Aslı Utine
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylül University Hospital, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Güven
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, 35340, Türkiye
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3
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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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4
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim D. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 PMCID: PMC10928588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Laskow
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Microphysiological SystemsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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5
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Nan W, Shen S, Yang Y, Wu M, He Y, Zhang R, Cui X, Zhang Y. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 thermosensitive hydrogel inhibits corneal neovascularization by repairing corneal epithelial apical junctional complexes. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100944. [PMID: 38269056 PMCID: PMC10806348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a heavy attribute of blinding disease changes. Existing medications need numerous infusions and have a limited absorption. Investigating novel drugs with safety, efficacy, and convenience is crucial. In this study, we developed a bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)-loaded poloxamer-oxidized sodium alginate (F127-OSA) thermosensitive hydrogel. The 14 % F127-OSA hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 31-32 °C, which might extend the application period on the ocular surface. The hydrogel's porous structure and uniform dispersion made it possible for drugs to release gradually. We used a suture-induced rat CNV model to investigate the mechanism of CNV inhibition by hydrogel. We discovered that F127-OSA hydrogel loaded with BMP4 could significantly reduce the length and area of CNV, relieve corneal edema, and stop aberrant epithelial cell proliferation. The hydrogel's efficacy was superior to that of the common solvent group. Additionally, BMP4 thermosensitive hydrogel repaired ultrastructure, including microvilli, intercellular junctions, and damaged apical junctional complexes (AJCs), suggesting a potential mechanism by which the hydrogel prevented CNV formation. In conclusion, our investigation demonstrates that F127-OSA thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with BMP4 can repair corneal epithelial AJCs and is a promising novel medication for the treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Nan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, PR China
| | - Sitong Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, PR China
| | - Yongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Meiliang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, PR China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, PR China
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, PR China
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6
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Abdalkader RK, Fujita T. Corneal epithelium models for safety assessment in drug development: Present and future directions. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109697. [PMID: 37890755 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The human corneal epithelial barrier plays a crucial role in drug testing studies, including drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as toxicity testing during the preclinical stages of drug development. However, despite the valuable insights gained from animal and current in vitro models, there remains a significant discrepancy between preclinical drug predictions and actual clinical outcomes. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on adhering to the 3R principles (refine, reduce, replace) to minimize the use of animals in testing. To tackle these challenges, there is a rising demand for alternative in vitro models that closely mimic the human corneal epithelium. Recently, remarkable advancements have been made in two key areas: microphysiological systems (MPS) or organs-on-chips (OoCs), and stem cell-derived organoids. These cutting-edge platforms integrate four major disciplines: stem cells, microfluidics, bioprinting, and biosensing technologies. This integration holds great promise in developing powerful and biomimetic models of the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodi Kado Abdalkader
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization (R-GIRO), Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization (R-GIRO), Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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7
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Bonneau N, Potey A, Vitoux MA, Magny R, Guerin C, Baudouin C, Peyrin JM, Brignole-Baudouin F, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Corneal neuroepithelial compartmentalized microfluidic chip model for evaluation of toxicity-induced dry eye. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:307-319. [PMID: 37984561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Part of the lacrimal functional unit, the cornea protects the ocular surface from numerous environmental aggressions and xenobiotics. Toxicological evaluation of compounds remains a challenge due to complex interactions between corneal nerve endings and epithelial cells. To this day, models do not integrate the physiological specificity of corneal nerve endings and are insufficient for the detection of low toxic effects essential to anticipate Toxicity-Induced Dry Eye (TIDE). Using high-content imaging tool, we here characterize toxicity-induced cellular alterations using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons and corneal epithelial cells in a compartmentalized microfluidic chip. We validate this model through the analysis of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) toxicity, a well-known preservative in eyedrops, after a single (6h) or repeated (twice a day for 15 min over 5 days) topical 5.10-4% BAC applications on the corneal epithelial cells and nerve terminals. In combination with high-content image analysis, this advanced microfluidic protocol reveal specific and tiny changes in the epithelial cells and axonal network as well as in trigeminal cells, not directly exposed to BAC, with ATF3/6 stress markers and phospho-p44/42 cell activation marker. Altogether, this corneal neuroepithelial chip enables the evaluation of toxic effects of ocular xenobiotics, distinguishing the impact on corneal sensory innervation and epithelial cells. The combination of compartmentalized co-culture/high-content imaging/multiparameter analysis opens the way for the systematic analysis of toxicants but also neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; HORUS PHARMA, F-06200 Nice, France
| | - Anaïs Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Michael-Adrien Vitoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Romain Magny
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Neurosciences Paris Seine, UMR8246, Inserm U1130, IBPS, UPMC, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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8
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Li Z, Li Q, Zhou C, Lu K, Liu Y, Xuan L, Wang X. Organoid-on-a-chip: Current challenges, trends, and future scope toward medicine. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051505. [PMID: 37900053 PMCID: PMC10613095 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro organoid models, typically defined as 3D multicellular aggregates, have been extensively used as a promising tool in drug screening, disease progression research, and precision medicine. Combined with advanced microfluidics technique, organoid-on-a-chip can flexibly replicate in vivo organs within the biomimetic physiological microenvironment by accurately regulating different parameters, such as fluid conditions and concentration gradients of biochemical factors. Since engineered organ reconstruction has opened a new paradigm in biomedicine, innovative approaches are increasingly required in micro-nano fabrication, tissue construction, and development of pharmaceutical products. In this Perspective review, the advantages and characteristics of organoid-on-a-chip are first introduced. Challenges in current organoid culture, extracellular matrix building, and device manufacturing techniques are subsequently demonstrated, followed by potential alternative approaches, respectively. The future directions and emerging application scenarios of organoid-on-a-chip are finally prospected to further satisfy the clinical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Li
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhou
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kangyi Lu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lian Xuan
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Kutluk H, Bastounis EE, Constantinou I. Integration of Extracellular Matrices into Organ-on-Chip Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203256. [PMID: 37018430 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network present within all tissues and organs that not only acts as a mechanical support and anchorage point but can also direct fundamental cell behavior, function, and characteristics. Although the importance of the ECM is well established, the integration of well-controlled ECMs into Organ-on-Chip (OoC) platforms remains challenging and the methods to modulate and assess ECM properties on OoCs remain underdeveloped. In this review, current state-of-the-art design and assessment of in vitro ECM environments is discussed with a focus on their integration into OoCs. Among other things, synthetic and natural hydrogels, as well as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as substrates, coatings, or cell culture membranes are reviewed in terms of their ability to mimic the native ECM and their accessibility for characterization. The intricate interplay among materials, OoC architecture, and ECM characterization is critically discussed as it significantly complicates the design of ECM-related studies, comparability between works, and reproducibility that can be achieved across research laboratories. Improving the biomimetic nature of OoCs by integrating properly considered ECMs would contribute to their further adoption as replacements for animal models, and precisely tailored ECM properties would promote the use of OoCs in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Effie E Bastounis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, E8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" EXC 2124, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Marschall C, Filster J, Witt M, Hauptmeier B, Frieß W. Topical ocular protein delivery based on protein powder suspensions in semifluorinated alkanes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00167-4. [PMID: 37356639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The field of ocular diseases, specifically retinal diseases is a successful target area for protein drugs with various marketed products. Besides the intraocular treatment of the retina, the topical treatment of corneal or conjunctival diseases is a promising approach. Topical ocular protein formulations face the challenges of poor penetration and potentially low stability. In this study we tested suspensions based on the semifluorinated alkane F6H8 to improve the topical ocular protein delivery. Such suspensions are well known for the increased protein stability compared to aqueous solutions. Furthermore, F6H8 is well known as vehicle for ocular delivery due to its easy spreading on the cornea. Penetration of a model mAb and its Fab fragment was tested in an ex vivo corneal penetration test. The amount of penetrated protein was increased when the protein powder suspensions were used compared to the respective aqueous solutions. Sodium caprate as penetration enhancer at 5mg/ml substantially increased the Fab fragment (7-fold) and the mAB (3-fold) concentration in the corneal tissue when applied as an aqueous solution. The effect was surprisingly more pronounced, when Fab fragment (31-fold) or mAb (13-fold) and the penetration enhancer were formulated as F6H8 suspensions. The same penetration enhancement from suspensions could be achieved with 2.5mg/ml, but the penetration was reduced compared to 2.5 mg/ml in the aqueous solution. A test based on stratified human keratinocytes did not indicate eye irritation by the tested formulations. Furthermore, stability studies for bevacizumab suspensions in semifluorinated alkanes were investigated and showed superior long-term stability compared to the marketed aqueous solution. Overall results demonstrate the high potential of topical ocular protein delivery using powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles based on semifluorinated alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Marschall
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Knollstraße 50, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Julia Filster
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madlen Witt
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hauptmeier
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim, Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frieß
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany.
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11
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De Hoon I, Boukherroub R, De Smedt SC, Szunerits S, Sauvage F. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models for Assessing Drug Permeation across the Cornea. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37314950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug permeation across the cornea remains a major challenge due to its unique and complex anatomy and physiology. Static barriers such as the different layers of the cornea, as well as dynamic aspects such as the constant renewal of the tear film and the presence of the mucin layer together with efflux pumps, all present unique challenges for effective ophthalmic drug delivery. To overcome some of the current ophthalmic drug limitations, the identification and testing of novel drug formulations such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles began to be considered and widely explored. In the early stages of corneal drug development reliable in vitro and ex vivo alternatives, are required, to be in line with the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), with such methods being in addition faster and more ethical alternatives to in vivo studies. The ocular field remains limited to a handful of predictive models for ophthalmic drug permeation. In vitro cell culture models are increasingly used when it comes to transcorneal permeation studies. Ex vivo models using excised animal tissue such as porcine eyes are the model of choice to study corneal permeation and promising advancements have been reported over the years. Interspecies characteristics must be considered in detail when using such models. This review updates the current knowledge about in vitro and ex vivo corneal permeability models and evaluates their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès De Hoon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Li Q, Wong HL, Ip YL, Chu WY, Li MS, Saha C, Shih KC, Chan YK. Current microfluidic platforms for reverse engineering of cornea. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100634. [PMID: 37139464 PMCID: PMC10149412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, corneal blindness constitutes 5.1% of global blindness population. Surgical outcomes have been improved significantly in the treatment of corneal blindness. However, corneal transplantation is limited by global shortage of donor tissue, prompting researchers to explore alternative therapies such as novel ocular pharmaceutics to delay corneal disease progression. Animal models are commonly adopted for investigating pharmacokinetics of ocular drugs. However, this approach is limited by physiological differences in the eye between animals and human, ethical issues and poor bench-to-bedside translatability. Cornea-on-a-chip (CoC) microfluidic platforms have gained great attention as one of the advanced in vitro strategies for constructing physiologically representative corneal models. With significant improvements in tissue engineering technology, CoC integrates corneal cells with microfluidics to recapitulate human corneal microenvironment for the study of corneal pathophysiological changes and evaluation of ocular drugs. Such model, in complement to animal studies, can potentially accelerate translational research, in particular the pre-clinical screening of ophthalmic medication, driving clinical treatment advancement for corneal diseases. This review provides an overview of engineered CoC platforms with respect to their merits, applications, and technical challenges. Emerging directions in CoC technology are also proposed for further investigations, to accentuate preclinical obstacles in corneal research.
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13
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Yu Z, Hao R, Chen X, Ma L, Zhang Y, Yang H. Protocol to develop a microfluidic human corneal barrier-on-a-chip to evaluate the corneal epithelial wound repair process. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102122. [PMID: 36861830 PMCID: PMC9984679 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are microfluidic devices for cell culturing to simulate tissue- or organ-level physiology, providing new solutions other than traditional animal tests. Here, we describe a microfluidic platform consisting of human corneal cells and compartmentalizing channels to achieve fully integrated human cornea's barrier effects on the chip. We detail steps to verify the barrier effects and physiological phenotypes of microengineered human cornea. Then, we use the platform to evaluate the corneal epithelial wound repair process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yu et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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14
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Patrício D, Santiago J, Mano JF, Fardilha M. Organoids of the male reproductive system: Challenges, opportunities, and their potential use in fertility research. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1590. [PMID: 36442887 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are units of function of a given organ able to reproduce, in culture, a biological structure similar in architecture and function to its counterpart in vivo. Today, it is possible to develop an organoid from a fragment of tissue, a stem cell located in an adult organ, an embryonic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell. In the past decade, many organoids have been developed which mimic stomach, pancreas, liver and brain tissues, optic cups, among many others. Additionally, different male reproductive system organs have already been developed as organoids, including the prostate and testis. These 3D cultures may be of great importance for urological cancer research and have the potential to be used in fertility research for the study of spermatozoa production and maturation, germ cells-somatic cells interactions, and mechanisms of disease. They also provide an accurate preclinical pipeline for drug testing and discovery, as well as for the study of drug resistance. In this work, we revise the current knowledge on organoid technology and its use in healthcare and research, describe the male reproductive system organoids and other biomaterials already developed, and discuss their current application. Finally, we highlight the research gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the field and propose strategies to improve the use of organoids for the study of male infertility situations. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Reproductive System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patrício
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santiago
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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15
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Zhao Y, Hu G, Yan Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Shi H. Biomechanical analysis of ocular diseases and its in vitro study methods. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:49. [PMID: 35870978 PMCID: PMC9308301 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases are closely related to the physiological changes in the eye sphere and its contents. Using biomechanical methods to explore the relationship between the structure and function of ocular tissue is beneficial to reveal the pathological processes. Studying the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases will be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. We provide a critical review of recent biomechanical analysis of ocular diseases including glaucoma, high myopia, and diabetes. And try to summarize the research about the biomechanical changes in ocular tissues (e.g., optic nerve head, sclera, cornea, etc.) associated with those diseases. The methods of ocular biomechanics research in vitro in recent years are also reviewed, including the measurement of biomechanics by ophthalmic equipment, finite element modeling, and biomechanical analysis methods. And the preparation and application of microfluidic eye chips that emerged in recent years were summarized. It provides new inspiration and opportunity for the pathogenesis of eye diseases and personalized and precise treatment.
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16
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Looking into the Eyes—In Vitro Models for Ocular Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169158. [PMID: 36012421 PMCID: PMC9409455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal research undoubtedly provides scientists with virtually unlimited data but inflicts pain and suffering on animals. Currently, legislators and scientists alike are promoting alternative in vitro approaches allowing for an accurate evaluation of processes occurring in the body without animal sacrifice. Historically, one of the most infamous animal tests is the Draize test, mainly performed on rabbits. Even though this test was considered the gold standard for around 50 years, the Draize test fails to mimic human response mainly due to human and rabbit eye physiological differences. Therefore, many alternative assays were developed to evaluate ocular toxicity and drug effectiveness accurately. Here we review recent achievements in tissue engineering of in vitro 2D, 2.5D, 3D, organoid and organ-on-chip ocular models, as well as in vivo and ex vivo models in terms of their advantages and limitations.
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17
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Cui Z, Liao K, Li S, Gu J, Wang Y, Ding C, Guo Y, Chan HF, Ma JH, Tang S, Chen J. LM22B-10 promotes corneal nerve regeneration through in vitro 3D co-culture model and in vivo corneal injury model. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:159-176. [PMID: 35562005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerve wounding often causes abnormalities in the cornea and even blindness in severe cases. In this study, we construct a dorsal root ganglion-corneal stromal cell (DRG-CSC, DS) co-culture 3D model to explore the mechanism of corneal nerve regeneration. Firstly, this model consists of DRG collagen grafts sandwiched by orthogonally stacked and orderly arranged CSC-laden plastic compressed collagen. Nerve bundles extend into the entire corneal stroma within 14 days, and they also have orthogonal patterns. This nerve prevents CSCs from apoptosis in the serum withdrawal medium. The conditioned medium (CM) for CSCs in collagen scaffolds contains NT-3, IL-6, and other factors. Among them, NT-3 notably promotes the activation of ERK-CREB in the DRG, leading to the growth of nerve bundles, and IL-6 induces the upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. Then, LM22B-10, an activator of the NT-3 receptor TrkB/TrkC, can also activate ERK-CREB to enhance nerve growth. After administering LM22B-10 eye drops to regular and diabetic mice with corneal wounding, LM22B-10 significantly improves the healing speed of the corneal epithelium, corneal sensitivity, and corneal nerve density. Overall, the DS co-culture model provides a promising platform and tools for the exploration of corneal physiological and pathological mechanisms, as well as the verification of drug effects in vitro. Meanwhile, we confirm that LM22B-10, as a non-peptide small molecule, has future potential in nerve wound repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The cornea accounts for most of the refractive power of the eye. Corneal nerves play an important role in maintaining corneal homeostasis. Once the corneal nerves are damaged, the corneal epithelium and stroma develop lesions. However, the mechanism of the interaction between corneal nerves and corneal cells is still not fully understood. Here, we construct a corneal stroma-nerve co-culture in vitro model and reveal that NT-3 expressed by stromal cells promotes nerve growth by activating the ERK-CREB pathway in nerves. LM22B-10, an activator of NT-3 receptors, can also induce nerve growth in vitro. Moreover, it is used as eye drops to enhance corneal epithelial wound healing, corneal nerve sensitivity and density of nerve plexus in corneal nerve wounding model in vivo.
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18
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Tafti MF, Aghamollaei H, Moghaddam MM, Jadidi K, Alio JL, Faghihi S. Emerging tissue engineering strategies for the corneal regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:683-706. [PMID: 35585479 DOI: 10.1002/term.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cornea as the outermost layer of the eye is at risk of various genetic and environmental diseases that can damage the cornea and impair vision. Corneal transplantation is among the most applicable surgical procedures for repairing the defected tissue. However, the scarcity of healthy tissue donations as well as transplantation failure has remained as the biggest challenges in confront of corneal grafting. Therefore, alternative approaches based on stem-cell transplantation and classic regenerative medicine have been developed for corneal regeneration. In this review, the application and limitation of the recently-used advanced approaches for regeneration of cornea are discussed. Additionally, other emerging powerful techniques such as 5D printing as a new branch of scaffold-based technologies for construction of tissues other than the cornea are highlighted and suggested as alternatives for corneal reconstruction. The introduced novel techniques may have great potential for clinical applications in corneal repair including disease modeling, 3D pattern scheming, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Fallah Tafti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jorge L Alio
- Department of Research and Development, VISSUM, Alicante, Spain.,Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department, VISSUM, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Yu Z, Hao R, Du J, Wu X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li W, Gu Z, Yang H. A human cornea-on-a-chip for the study of epithelial wound healing by extracellular vesicles. iScience 2022; 25:104200. [PMID: 35479406 PMCID: PMC9035703 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Du
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
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20
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Marcos LF, Wilson SL, Roach P. Tissue engineering of the retina: from organoids to microfluidic chips. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211059876. [PMID: 34917332 PMCID: PMC8669127 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211059876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in tissue engineering, challenges remain for fabricating functional tissues that incorporate essential features including vasculature and complex cellular organisation. Monitoring of engineered tissues also raises difficulties, particularly when cell population maturity is inherent to function. Microfluidic, or lab-on-a-chip, platforms address the complexity issues of conventional 3D models regarding cell numbers and functional connectivity. Regulation of biochemical/biomechanical conditions can create dynamic structures, providing microenvironments that permit tissue formation while quantifying biological processes at a single cell level. Retinal organoids provide relevant cell numbers to mimic in vivo spatiotemporal development, where conventional culture approaches fail. Modern bio-fabrication techniques allow for retinal organoids to be combined with microfluidic devices to create anato-physiologically accurate structures or ‘retina-on-a-chip’ devices that could revolution ocular sciences. Here we present a focussed review of retinal tissue engineering, examining the challenges and how some of these have been overcome using organoids, microfluidics, and bioprinting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Marcos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Samantha L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
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21
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Bonneau N, Baudouin C, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Brignole-Baudouin F. An overview of current alternative models in the context of ocular surface toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:718-737. [PMID: 34648674 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a steadily increasing social awareness of animal suffering, with increased attention to ethical considerations. Developing new integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) strategies is an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) goal to reduce animal testing. Currently, there is a lack of alternative models to test for ocular surface toxicity (aside from irritation) in lieu of the Draize eye irritation test (OECD guideline No. 405) performed in rabbits. Five alternative in vitro or ex vivo methods have been validated to replace this reference test, but only in combination. However, pathologies like Toxicity-Induced Dry Eye (TIDE), cataract, glaucoma, and neuropathic pain can occur after exposure to a pharmaceutical product or chemical and therefore need to be anticipated. To do so, new models of lacrimal glands, lens, and neurons innervating epithelia are required. These models must take into account real-life exposure (dose, time, and tear film clearance). The scientific community is working hard to develop new, robust, alternative, in silico, and in vitro models, while attempting to balance ethics and availability of biological materials. This review provides a broad overview of the validated methods for analyzing ocular irritation and those still used by some industries, as well as promising models that need to be optimized according to the OECD. Finally, we give an overview of recently developed innovative models, which could become new tools in the evaluation of ocular surface toxicity within the scope of IATAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Horus Pharma, Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSight, Paris, France.,Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSight, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Ophtalmobiologie, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSight, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Département de Toxicologie, Paris, France
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22
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Mechanobiology of conjunctival epithelial cells exposed to wall shear stresses. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1903-1917. [PMID: 34228228 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCEC) line the inner sides of the eyelids and the anterior part of the sclera. They include goblet cells that secret mucus into the tear film that protects the ocular surface. The conjunctival epithelium is subjected to mechano-physical stimuli due to eyelid movement during blinking, during wiping and rubbing the eyes, and when exposed to wind and air currents. We cultured primary HCEC under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions in custom-designed wells that can be disassembled for installation of the in vitro model in a flow chamber. We exposed the HCEC after ALI culture of 8-10 days to steady and oscillatory airflows. The in vitro model of HCEC was exposed to steady wall shear stresses (sWSS) of 0.5 and 1.0 dyne/cm2 for lengths of 30 and 60 min and to oscillatory wall shear stresses (oWSS) of 0.5 and 0.77 dyne/cm2 amplitudes for a length of 10 min. Cytoskeletal alterations and MUC5AC mucin secretion in response to WSS were investigated using immunohistochemically fluorescent staining and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA), respectively. The results revealed that both exposure times and sWSS values increased the polymerization of F-actin filaments while mucin secretion decreased. However, after a recovery of 24 h in the incubator we observed a decrease of F-actin fibers and mucin secretion only for exposure of 30 min. The length of exposure was more influential on cytoskeletal alterations than the level of sWSS. The very small effect of sWSS on mucin secretion is most likely related to the much smaller amount of goblet cell than in other mucus-secreting tissue. The results for both oWSS amplitudes revealed similar trends regarding F-actin and mucin secretion. Immediately post-exposure we observed an increase in polymerization of F-actin filaments while mucin secretion decreased. However, after 24-h recovery we observed that both F-actin and mucin secretion returned to the same values as for unexposed cultures. The results of this study suggest that WSS should be considered while exploring the physiological characteristics of HCEC.
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23
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Valencia L, Canalejas-Tejero V, Clemente M, Fernaud I, Holgado M, Jorcano JL, Velasco D. A new microfluidic method enabling the generation of multi-layered tissues-on-chips using skin cells as a proof of concept. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13160. [PMID: 34162909 PMCID: PMC8222336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic-based tissues-on-chips (TOCs) have thus far been restricted to modelling simple epithelia as a single cell layer, but likely due to technical difficulties, no TOCs have been reported to include both an epithelial and a stromal component despite the biological importance of the stroma for the structure and function of human tissues. We present, for the first time, a novel approach to generate 3D multilayer tissue models in microfluidic platforms. As a proof of concept, we modelled skin, including a dermal and an epidermal compartment. To accomplish this, we developed a parallel flow method enabling the deposition of bilayer tissue in the upper chamber, which was subsequently maintained under dynamic nutrient flow conditions through the lower chamber, mimicking the function of a blood vessel. We also designed and built an inexpensive, easy-to-implement, versatile, and robust vinyl-based device that overcomes some of the drawbacks present in PDMS-based chips. Preliminary tests indicate that this biochip will allow the development and maintenance of multilayer tissues, which opens the possibility of better modelling of the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that exist in and between the epithelium and mesenchyme, allowing for better-grounded tissue modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valencia
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Canalejas-Tejero
- Group of Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics (GOFB), Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Clemente
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Fernaud
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C.S.I.C, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Holgado
- Group of Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics (GOFB), Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Física Aplicada e Ingeniería de Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J L Jorcano
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain.
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Velasco
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Liu X, Fang J, Huang S, Wu X, Xie X, Wang J, Liu F, Zhang M, Peng Z, Hu N. Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:50. [PMID: 34567763 PMCID: PMC8433302 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, despite enormous efforts to explore cancer biology and develop anticancer therapies. The main challenges in cancer research are establishing an efficient tumor microenvironment in vitro and exploring efficient means for screening anticancer drugs to reveal the nature of cancer and develop treatments. The tumor microenvironment possesses human-specific biophysical and biochemical factors that are difficult to recapitulate in conventional in vitro planar cell models and in vivo animal models. Therefore, model limitations have hindered the translation of basic research findings to clinical applications. In this review, we introduce the recent progress in tumor-on-a-chip devices for cancer biology research, medicine assessment, and biomedical applications in detail. The emerging tumor-on-a-chip platforms integrating 3D cell culture, microfluidic technology, and tissue engineering have successfully mimicked the pivotal structural and functional characteristics of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. The recent advances in tumor-on-a-chip platforms for cancer biology studies and biomedical applications are detailed and analyzed in this review. This review should be valuable for further understanding the mechanisms of the tumor evolution process, screening anticancer drugs, and developing cancer therapies, and it addresses the challenges and potential opportunities in predicting drug screening and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanmao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
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Van Meenen J, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Van den Bogerd B, Koppen C. An Overview of Advanced In Vitro Corneal Models: Implications for Pharmacological Testing. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:506-516. [PMID: 33878935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is an important barrier to consider when developing ophthalmic formulations, but proper modeling of this multilayered tissue remains a challenge. This is due to the varying properties associated with each layer in addition to the dynamics of the tear film. Hence, the most representative models to date rely on animals. Animal models, however, differ from humans in several aspects and are subject to ethical limitations. Consequently, in vitro approaches are being developed to address these issues. This review focuses on the barrier properties of the cornea and evaluates the most advanced three-dimensional cultures of human corneal equivalents in literature. Their application potential is subsequently assessed and discussed in the context of preclinical testing along with our perspective toward the future. Impact statement Most ocular drugs are applied topically, with the transcorneal pathway as the main administration route. Animal corneas are currently the only advanced models available, contributing to the drug attrition rate. Anatomical and physiological interspecies differences might account for a poor translatability of preclinical results to clinical trials, urging researchers to devise better corneal equivalents. This review elaborates on the emerging generation of three-dimensional in vitro models, which comprises spheroids, organoids, and organs-on-chips, which can serve as a stepping stone for advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Van Meenen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Spatiotemporal determination of metabolite activities in the corneal epithelium on a chip. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108646. [PMID: 34102209 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelial barrier maintains the metabolic activities of the ocular surface by regulating membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes responsible for the homeostasis of the eye as well as the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. Despite its importance, no established biomimetic in vitro methods are available to perform the spatiotemporal investigation of metabolism and determine the transportation of endogenous and exogenous molecules across the corneal epithelium barrier. This study introduces multiple corneal epitheliums on a chip namely, Corneal Epithelium on a Chip (CEpOC), which enables the spatiotemporal collection as well as analysis of micro-scaled extracellular metabolites from both the apical and basolateral sides of the barriers. Longitudinal samples collected during 48 h period were analyzed using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics method, and 104 metabolites were annotated. We observed the spatiotemporal secretion of biologically relevant metabolites (i.e., antioxidant, glutathione and uric acid) as well as the depletion of essential nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins mimicking the in vivo molecules trafficking across the human corneal epithelium. Through the shifts of extracellular metabolites and quantitative analysis of mRNA associated with transporters, we were able to investigate the secretion and transportation activities across the polarized barrier in a correlation with the expression of corneal transporters. Thus, CEpOC can provide a non-invasive, simple, yet effectively informative method to determine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as to discover novel biomarkers for drug toxicological and safety tests as advanced experimental model of the human corneal epithelium.
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In vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models for ocular toxicology and ophthalmic drug development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:207-237. [PMID: 33544359 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Testing of all manufactured products and their ingredients for eye irritation is a regulatory requirement. In the last two decades, the development of alternatives to the in vivo Draize eye irritation test method has substantially advanced due to the improvements in primary cell isolation, cell culture techniques, and media, which have led to improved in vitro corneal tissue models and test methods. Most in vitro models for ocular toxicology attempt to reproduce the corneal epithelial tissue which consists of 4-5 layers of non-keratinized corneal epithelial cells that form tight junctions, thereby limiting the penetration of chemicals, xenobiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Also, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of more complex three-dimensional (3D) equivalents to study wound healing, drug permeation, and bioavailability. This review focuses on in vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models and their utilization in ocular toxicology as well as their application to pharmacology and ophthalmic research. Current human 3D corneal epithelial cell culture models have replaced in vivo animal eye irritation tests for many applications, and substantial validation efforts are in progress to verify and approve alternative eye irritation tests for widespread use. The validation of drug absorption models and further development of models and test methods for many ophthalmic and ocular disease applications is required.
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Gholizadeh H, Ong HX, Bradbury P, Kourmatzis A, Traini D, Young P, Li M, Cheng S. Real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery by a nasal epithelial mucosa-on-a-chip model. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:803-818. [PMID: 33410717 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A human nasal epithelial mucosa (NEM) on-a-chip is developed integrated with a novel carbon nanofibers-modified carbon electrode for real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery. The integration of platinum electrodes in the chip also enables real-time measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). METHODS The air-liquid interface culture of nasal epithelial RPMI 2650 cells in the NEM-on-a-chip was optimized to mimic the key functional characteristics of the human nasal mucosa. The epithelial transport of ibuprofen in the NEM-on-a-chip was electrochemically monitored in real-time under static and physiologically realistic dynamic flow conditions. RESULTS The NEM-on-a-chip mimics the mucus production and nasal epithelial barrier function of the human nasal mucosa. The real-time drug quantification by the NEM-on-a-chip was validated versus the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The drug transport rate monitored in the NEM-on-a-chip was influenced by the flow in the bottom compartment of the chip, highlighting the importance of emulating the dynamic in vivo condition for nasal drug transport studies. CONCLUSION This novel NEM-on-a-chip can be a low-cost and time-efficient alternative to the costly laborious conventional techniques for in vitro nasal drug transport assays. Importantly, its dynamic microenvironment enables conducting nasal drug transport tests under physiologically relevant dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Gholizadeh
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Manafi N, Shokri F, Achberger K, Hirayama M, Mohammadi MH, Noorizadeh F, Hong J, Liebau S, Tsuji T, Quinn PMJ, Mashaghi A. Organoids and organ chips in ophthalmology. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:1-15. [PMID: 33220469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have driven the development of stem cell-derived, self-organizing, three-dimensional miniature organs, termed organoids, which mimic different eye tissues including the retina, cornea, and lens. Organoids and engineered microfluidic organ-on-chips (organ chips) are transformative technologies that show promise in simulating the architectural and functional complexity of native organs. Accordingly, they enable exploration of facets of human disease and development not accurately recapitulated by animal models. Together, these technologies will increase our understanding of the basic physiology of different eye structures, enable us to interrogate unknown aspects of ophthalmic disease pathogenesis, and serve as clinically-relevant surrogates for the evaluation of ocular therapeutics. Both the burden and prevalence of monogenic and multifactorial ophthalmic diseases, which can cause visual impairment or blindness, in the human population warrants a paradigm shift towards organoids and organ chips that can provide sensitive, quantitative, and scalable phenotypic assays. In this article, we review the current situation of organoids and organ chips in ophthalmology and discuss how they can be leveraged for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Manafi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, The Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Shokri
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Achberger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Melika Haji Mohammadi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, The Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jiaxu Hong
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, The Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China; Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan; Organ Technologies Inc., Minato, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Peter M J Quinn
- Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center - New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, The Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Hu H, Zhong S, He S, Dou Y, Li Z, Cui X. Thermoresponsive gel for sustained release of BMP4 to inhibit corneal neovascularization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Peng Z, Zhou L, Wong JKW, Chan YK. Eye-on-a-chip (EOC) models and their role in the future of ophthalmic drug discovery. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1788388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Peng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R.China
| | - Liangyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jasper Ka Wai Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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Richardson L, Kim S, Menon R, Han A. Organ-On-Chip Technology: The Future of Feto-Maternal Interface Research? Front Physiol 2020; 11:715. [PMID: 32695021 PMCID: PMC7338764 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta and fetal membrane act as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy while maintaining communication and nutrient exchange between the baby and the mother. Disruption of this barrier leads to various pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, which can have lasting negative consequences. Thus, understanding the role of the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy and parturition is vital to advancing basic and clinical research in the field of obstetrics. However, human subject studies are inherently difficult, and appropriate animal models are lacking. Due to these challenges, in vitro cell culture-based studies are most commonly utilized. However, the structure and functions of conventionally used in vitro 2D and 3D models are vastly different from the in vivo environment, making it difficult to fully understand the various factors affecting pregnancy as well as pathways and mechanisms contributing to term and preterm births. This limitation also makes it difficult to develop new therapeutics. The emergence of in vivo-like in vitro models such as organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms can better recapitulate in vivo functions and responses and has the potential to move this field forward significantly. OOC technology brings together two distinct fields, microfluidic engineering and cell/tissue biology, through which diverse human organ structures and functionalities can be built into a laboratory model that better mimics functions and responses of in vivo tissues and organs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the OOC technology, highlight two major designs commonly used in achieving multi-layer co-cultivation of cells, and introduce recently developed OOC models of the feto-maternal interface. As a vital component of this review, we aim to outline progress on the practicality and effectiveness of feto-maternal interface OOC (FM-OOC) models currently used and the advances they have fostered in obstetrics research. Lastly, we provide a perspective on the future basic research and clinical applications of FM-OOC models, and even those that integrate multiple organ systems into a single OOC system that may recreate intrauterine architecture in its entirety, which will accelerate our understanding of feto-maternal communication, induction of preterm labor, drug or toxicant permeability at this vital interface, and development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Bai J, Fu H, Bazinet L, Birsner AE, D'Amato RJ. A Method for Developing Novel 3D Cornea-on-a-Chip Using Primary Murine Corneal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:453. [PMID: 32410987 PMCID: PMC7198819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic-based organ-on-a-chip assays with simultaneous coculture of multi-cell types have been widely utilized for basic research and drug development. Here we describe a novel method for a primary cell-based corneal microphysiological system which aims to recapitulate the basic functions of the in vivo cornea and to study topically applied ocular drug permeation. In this study, the protocols for isolating and cultivating primary corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells from mouse inbred strain C57BL/6J were optimized, to allow for the development of a primary-cell based microfluidic 3D micro-engineered cornea. This tissue unit, by overcoming the limitations of 2D conventional cell culture, supports new investigations on cornea function and facilitates drug delivery testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Haojie Fu
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren Bazinet
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy E Birsner
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J D'Amato
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abdalkader R, Kamei KI. Multi-corneal barrier-on-a-chip to recapitulate eye blinking shear stress forces. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1410-1417. [PMID: 32202263 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Human corneal epithelium coexists with tear fluids and shows its barrier functionality under the dynamic conditions of eye blinking. However, the current in vitro cell culture settings for corneal epithelial cells lack the dynamic flow conditions to recapitulate the shear stress of eye blinking, hindering corneal function evaluation. We developed a microfluidic platform enabling the dynamic culture of the human corneal barrier with recapitulation of eye blinking. The device consisted of upper and lower channels separated by a porous membrane. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) were seeded on the porous membrane (upper channel) and cultured for ten days. The cells formed a barrier with high expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) tight junction protein on day seven, and the translocation of fluorescein sodium across the barrier in the microfluidic device was comparable to that in the transwell system, used as a control. Then, bidirectional and unidirectional flows were applied in the upper and lower channels, respectively, and the cells in the upper channels were stimulated with 0.6 dyn s cm-2 shear stress. After 24 h, while the fluid stimuli did not affect cell adhesion, they facilitated the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) intermediate filaments in cells, indicating the strengthening of the barrier function. Furthermore, morphological single-cell analysis revealed an increase in the cell body area rather than nuclei. We envision that this multi-corneal barrier-on-a-chip device will unlock new possibilities in ophthalmic drug development and will be useful for studying the effects of eye blinking shear stress on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodi Abdalkader
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Pradhan S, Banda OA, Farino CJ, Sperduto JL, Keller KA, Taitano R, Slater JH. Biofabrication Strategies and Engineered In Vitro Systems for Vascular Mechanobiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901255. [PMID: 32100473 PMCID: PMC8579513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is integral for maintaining organ-specific functions and homeostasis. Dysregulation in vascular architecture and function can lead to various chronic or acute disorders. Investigation of the role of the vascular system in health and disease has been accelerated through the development of tissue-engineered constructs and microphysiological on-chip platforms. These in vitro systems permit studies of biochemical regulation of vascular networks and parenchymal tissue and provide mechanistic insights into the biophysical and hemodynamic forces acting in organ-specific niches. Detailed understanding of these forces and the mechanotransductory pathways involved is necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting the vascular system. This review describes vascular structure and function, the role of hemodynamic forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis, and measurement approaches for cell and tissue level mechanical properties influencing vascular phenomena. State-of-the-art techniques for fabricating in vitro microvascular systems, with varying degrees of biological and engineering complexity, are summarized. Finally, the role of vascular mechanobiology in organ-specific niches and pathophysiological states, and efforts to recapitulate these events using in vitro microphysiological systems, are explored. It is hoped that this review will help readers appreciate the important, but understudied, role of vascular-parenchymal mechanotransduction in health and disease toward developing mechanotherapeutics for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Omar A. Banda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Taitano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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36
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37
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Radisic M. From Engineered Tissues and Microfludics to Human Eyes-On-A-Chip. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:4-6. [PMID: 31697576 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Wright CB, Becker SM, Low LA, Tagle DA, Sieving PA. Improved Ocular Tissue Models and Eye-On-A-Chip Technologies Will Facilitate Ophthalmic Drug Development. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:25-29. [PMID: 31166829 PMCID: PMC6985761 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe efforts by the National Eye Institute (NEI) and National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) to catalyze advances in 3-dimensional (3-D) ocular organoid and microphysiological systems (MPS). We reviewed the recent literature regarding ocular organoids and tissue chips. Animal models, 2-dimensional cell culture models, and postmortem human tissue samples provide the vision research community with insights critical to understanding pathophysiology and therapeutic development. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies provide researchers with enticing new approaches and tools that augment study in more traditional models to provide the scientific community with insights that have previously been impossible to obtain. Efforts by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have already accelerated the pace of scientific discovery, and recent advances in ocular organoid and MPS modeling approaches have opened new avenues of investigation. In addition to more closely recapitulating the morphologies and physiological responses of in vivo human tissue, key breakthroughs have been made in the past year to resolve long-standing scientific questions regarding tissue development, molecular signaling, and pathophysiological mechanisms that promise to provide advances critical to therapeutic development and patient care. 3-D tissue culture modeling and MPS offer platforms for future high-throughput testing of therapeutic candidates and studies of gene interactions to improve models of complex genetic diseases with no well-defined etiology, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuchs' dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Wright
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven M. Becker
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucie A. Low
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danilo A. Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul A. Sieving
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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39
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Kumar V, Varghese S. Ex Vivo Tumor-on-a-Chip Platforms to Study Intercellular Interactions within the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801198. [PMID: 30516355 PMCID: PMC6384151 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapies and recent FDA approval of several of them makes them a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. While these advancements underscore the potential of engaging the immune system to target tumors, this approach has so far been efficient only for certain cancers. Extending immunotherapy as a widely acceptable treatment for various cancers requires a deeper understanding of the interactions of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immune cells are a key component of the TME, which also includes other stromal cells, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix-based cues. While in vivo studies function as a gold standard, tissue-engineered microphysiological tumor models can offer patient-specific insights into cancer-immune interactions. These platforms, which recapitulate cellular and non-cellular components of the TME, enable a systematic understanding of the contribution of each component toward disease progression in isolation and in concert. Microfluidic-based microphysiological platforms recreating these environments, also known as "tumor-on-a-chip," are increasingly being utilized to study the effect of various elements of TME on tumor development. Herein are reviewed advancements in tumor-on-a-chip technology that are developed and used to understand the interaction of tumor cells with other surrounding cells, including immune cells, in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardhman Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine Durham, NC 27703, USA
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40
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Shanti A, Teo J, Stefanini C. In Vitro Immune Organs-on-Chip for Drug Development: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E278. [PMID: 30558264 PMCID: PMC6320867 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current drug development practice lacks reliable and sensitive techniques to evaluate the immunotoxicity of drug candidates, i.e., their effect on the human immune system. This, in part, has resulted in a high attrition rate for novel drugs candidates. Organ-on-chip devices have emerged as key tools that permit the study of human physiology in controlled in vivo simulating environments. Furthermore, there has been a growing interest in developing the so called "body-on-chip" devices to better predict the systemic effects of drug candidates. This review describes existing biomimetic immune organs-on-chip, highlights their physiological relevance to drug development and discovery and emphasizes the need for developing comprehensive immune system-on-chip models. Such immune models can enhance the performance of novel drug candidates during clinical trials and contribute to reducing the high attrition rate as well as the high cost associated with drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, UAE.
| | - Jeremy Teo
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, UAE.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York City, P.O. Box 903, NY 10276-0903, USA.
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, UAE.
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Haderspeck JC, Chuchuy J, Kustermann S, Liebau S, Loskill P. Organ-on-a-chip technologies that can transform ophthalmic drug discovery and disease modeling. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 14:47-57. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1551873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C. Haderspeck
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Chuchuy
- Department of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
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