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Liu S, Cao R, Hu J, Tian H, Ma Y, Xue H, Li Z, Yao Z, Li R, Liao P, Wang Y, Yang Zhang L, Yin G, Sasaki U, Guo J, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou W, Chen J, Fu W, Liu L. Degree of disorder-regulated ion transport through amorphous monolayer carbon. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17032-17040. [PMID: 38808236 PMCID: PMC11130763 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanopore technology, re-fueled by two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and MoS2, controls mass transport by allowing certain species while denying others at the nanoscale and has a wide application range in DNA sequencing, nano-power generation, and others. With their low transmembrane transport resistance and high permeability stemming from their ultrathin nature, crystalline 2D materials do not possess nanoscale holes naturally, thus requiring additional fabrication to create nanopores. Herein, we demonstrate that nanopores exist in amorphous monolayer carbon (AMC) grown at low temperatures. The size and density of nanopores can be tuned by the growth temperature, which was experimentally verified by atomic images and further corroborated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, AMC films with varied degrees of disorder (DOD) exhibit tunable transmembrane ionic conductance over two orders of magnitude when serving as nanopore membranes. This work demonstrates the DOD-tuned property in amorphous monolayer carbon and provides a new candidate for modern membrane science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ran Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiani Hu
- School of Physics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yinhang Ma
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Honglei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Peichi Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lina Yang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ge Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - U Sasaki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capita Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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2
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He M, Ding Y, Liu X. Nanoporous Amorphous Carbon Monolayer Derived from Fullerene Film. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308187. [PMID: 38155485 PMCID: PMC10933613 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials derived from fullerene are reported recently with unique structures and properties. However, only micrometer size samples can be obtained that limits the studying and exploration for membrane applications. Here, the preparation of a centimeter-size nanoporous amorphous carbon monolayer is reported by rapid pyrolyzing a Langmuir-Blodgett film of fullerene. The sample is fully characterized and the results indicate that the amorphous carbon monolayer derived from fullerene is metastable and insulating. The ionic transmembrane transport study demonstrates that the membrane is porous and cation selective with a selectivity of 26%. This work provides new insights into the controlled synthesis of large-size metastable amorphous carbon monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- College of New EnergyXi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an710065China
| | - Yehui Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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3
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Calvani D, Kreupeling B, Sevink GJA, de Groot HJM, Schneider GF, Buda F. Covalent Benzenesulfonic Functionalization of a Graphene Nanopore for Enhanced and Selective Proton Transport. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:3514-3524. [PMID: 38445014 PMCID: PMC10910585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of proton transport through graphene nanopores, defects, and vacancies is essential for advancing two-dimensional proton exchange membranes (PEMs). This study employs ReaxFF molecular dynamics, metadynamics, and density functional theory to investigate the enhanced proton transport through a graphene nanopore. Covalently functionalizing the nanopore with a benzenesulfonic group yields consistent improvements in proton permeability, with a lower activation barrier (≈0.15 eV) and increased proton selectivity over sodium cations. The benzenesulfonic functionality acts as a dynamic proton shuttle, establishing a favorable hydrogen-bonding network and an efficient proton transport channel. The model reveals an optimal balance between proton permeability and selectivity, which is essential for effective proton exchange membranes. Notably, the benzenesulfonic-functionalized graphene nanopore system achieves a theoretically estimated proton diffusion coefficient comparable to or higher than the current state-of-the-art PEM, Nafion. Ergo, the benzenesulfonic functionalization of graphene nanopores, firmly holds promise for future graphene-based membrane development in energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Calvani
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kreupeling
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. Agur Sevink
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Grégory F. Schneider
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Hossain JA, Kim B. The validity of the continuum modeling limit in a single pore flows to the molecular scale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24919-24929. [PMID: 37691455 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The discrete characteristics of molecules become dominant in the molecular regime when the surface-to-volume ratio becomes very high. Using the well-established continuum approach is questionable due to this dominant behavior. Due to the lack of perfect modeling of such a small-scale system, the experimentalist must rely on the trial and error method. Here we analyze the water transport mechanism through a nanoporous graphene membrane at the molecular level by adopting the classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results for SPC/E water molecules were compared with those obtained for liquid argon atoms and continuum Sampson's equation predictions. We find that the effect of local variants such as density layering, interatomic forces, slip velocity, and geometric boundary conditions become exponentially dominant with decreasing nanopore size. Consequently, the continuum assumptions break down at 1.5 nm pore diameter due to neglecting the dominant local properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Al Hossain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
| | - BoHung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
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5
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Noh Y, Aluru NR. Ion transport in two-dimensional flexible nanoporous membranes. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37337690 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00875d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport is a fundamental mechanism in living systems that plays a role in cell proliferation, energy conversion, and maintaining homeostasis. This has inspired various nanofluidic applications such as electricity harvesting, molecular sensors, and molecular separation. Two dimensional (2D) nanoporous membranes are particularly promising for these applications due to their ultralow transport barriers. We investigated ion conduction across flexible 2D membranes via extensive molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the microscopic fluctuations of these membranes can significantly increase ion conductance, for example, by 320% in Cu-HAB with 0.5 M KCl. Our analysis of ion dynamics near the flexible membranes revealed that ion hydration is destabilized when the membrane fluctuated within a specific frequency range leading to improved ion conduction. Our results show that the dynamic coupling between the fluctuating membrane and ions can play a crucial role in ion conduction across 2D nanoporous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Noh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, USA.
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6
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Dementyev P, Khayya N, Zanders D, Ennen I, Devi A, Altman EI. Size and Shape Exclusion in 2D Silicon Dioxide Membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205602. [PMID: 36521931 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D membranes such as artificially perforated graphene are deemed to bring great advantages for molecular separation. However, there is a lack of structure-property correlations in graphene membranes as neither the atomic configurations nor the number of introduced sub-nanometer defects are known precisely. Recently, bilayer silica has emerged as an inherent 2D membrane with an unprecedentedly high areal density of well-defined pores. Mass transfer experiments with free-standing SiO2 bilayers demonstrated a strong preference for condensable fluids over inert species, and the measured membrane selectivity revealed a key role of intermolecular forces in ångstrom-scale openings. In this study, vapor permeation measurements are combined with quantitative adsorption experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to get insights into the mechanism of surface-mediated transport in vitreous 2D silicon dioxide. The membranes are shown to exhibit molecular sieving performance when exposed to vaporous methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol. The results are normalized to the coverage of physisorbed molecules and agree well with the calculated energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dementyev
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Neita Khayya
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David Zanders
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inga Ennen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eric I Altman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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7
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Moehring NK, Chaturvedi P, Cheng P, Ko W, Li AP, Boutilier MSH, Kidambi PR. Kinetic Control of Angstrom-Scale Porosity in 2D Lattices for Direct Scalable Synthesis of Atomically Thin Proton Exchange Membranes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16003-16018. [PMID: 36201748 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Angstrom-scale pores introduced into atomically thin 2D materials offer transformative advances for proton exchange membranes in several energy applications. Here, we show that facile kinetic control of scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can allow for direct formation of angstrom-scale proton-selective pores in monolayer graphene with significant hindrance to even small, hydrated ions (K+ diameter ∼6.6 Å) and gas molecules (H2 kinetic diameter ∼2.9 Å). We demonstrate centimeter-scale Nafion|Graphene|Nafion membranes with proton conductance ∼3.3-3.8 S cm-2 (graphene ∼12.7-24.6 S cm-2) and H+/K+ selectivity ∼6.2-44.2 with liquid electrolytes. The same membranes show proton conductance ∼4.6-4.8 S cm-2 (graphene ∼39.9-57.5 S cm-2) and extremely low H2 crossover ∼1.7 × 10-1 - 2.2 × 10-1 mA cm-2 (∼0.4 V, ∼25 °C) with H2 gas feed. We rationalize our findings via a resistance-based transport model and introduce a stacking approach that leverages combinatorial effects of interdefect distance and interlayer transport to allow for Nafion|Graphene|Graphene|Nafion membranes with H+/K+ selectivity ∼86.1 (at 1 M) and record low H2 crossover current density ∼2.5 × 10-2 mA cm-2, up to ∼90% lower than state-of-the-art ionomer Nafion membranes ∼2.7 × 10-1 mA cm-2 under identical conditions, while still maintaining proton conductance ∼4.2 S cm-2 (graphene stack ∼20.8 S cm-2) comparable to that for Nafion of ∼5.2 S cm-2. Our experimental insights enable functional atomically thin high flux proton exchange membranes with minimal crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Moehring
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37235, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Pavan Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Peifu Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Wonhee Ko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Michael S H Boutilier
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, OntarioN6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
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8
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Lu J, Jiang Y, Yu P, Jiang W, Mao L. Light-Controlled Ionic/Molecular Transport through Solid-State Nanopores and Nanochannels. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200158. [PMID: 35324076 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological nanochannels perfectly operate in organisms and exquisitely control mass transmembrane transport for complex life process. Inspired by biological nanochannels, plenty of intelligent artificial solid-state nanopores and nanochannels are constructed based on various materials and methods with the development of nanotechnology. Specially, the light-controlled nanopores/nanochannels have attracted much attention due to the unique advantages in terms of that ion and molecular transport can be regulated remotely, spatially and temporally. According to the structure and function of biological ion channels, light-controlled solid-state nanopores/nanochannels can be divided into light-regulated ion channels with ion gating and ion rectification functions, and light-driven ion pumps with active ion transport property. In this review, we present a systematic overview of light-controlled ion channels and ion pumps according to the photo-responsive components in the system. Then, the related applications of solid-state nanopores/nanochannels for molecular sensing, water purification and energy conversion are discussed. Finally, a brief conclusion and short outlook are offered for future development of the nanopore/nanochannel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Lu
- Shandong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ping Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shandong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, 100875, Beijing, CHINA
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9
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Zhao WJ, Liang L, Kong Z, Shen JW. A review on desalination by graphene-based biomimetic nanopore: From the computational modelling perspective. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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The effect of nanopores geometry on desalination of single-layer graphene-based membranes: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Hossain JA, Kim B. Scale Effect on Simple Liquid Transport through a Nanoporous Graphene Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6498-6509. [PMID: 34018744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport mechanism of a simple liquid through nanoporous graphene membranes (NPGMs) with pores of various diameters has been explored by utilizing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation. The flow is initiated using a pressure-driven flow mechanism that moves the specular reflection wall at a constant velocity. Both the local density peak near the membrane and the pressure drop are dependent on the pore diameter. For accurate calculation of the velocity profile inside the nanopore, we implemented three boundary approaches and local nanoscale variants to see the effect of these factors on the nature of the nanoscale flow. We found an optimized definition of the pore boundary, which minimizes the deviation between MD results and slip-viscosity-modified Sampson's prediction for nanopores of various diameters. Additionally, we observed that with decreasing pore size, the pore center velocity increases, as does the slip velocity, which we attributed to van der Waals interaction between the liquid and wall atoms inside the nanopore. However, the effects of slip velocity, interfacial viscosity, and pore boundary decay exponentially with increasing pore diameter because of the dominance of van der Waals repulsive forces at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Al Hossain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - BoHung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
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12
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Su S, Wang X, Xue J. Nanopores in two-dimensional materials: accurate fabrication. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1390-1408. [PMID: 34846448 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide have been demonstrated with a wide range of applications in electronic devices, chemical catalysis, single-molecule detection, and energy conversion. In the 2D materials, nanopores can be created, and the 2D nanoporous membranes possess many unique properties such as ultrathin thickness, high surface area, and excellent particle sieving capability, showing extraordinary promise in plenty of applications, such as sea water desalination, gas separation, and DNA sequencing. The performances of these membranes are mainly determined by the nanopore size, structure, and density, which, in turn, rely on the fabrication techniques of the nanopores. This review covers the important progress of nanopore fabrication in 2D materials and comprehensively compares these methods for the features of the introduced nanopores and their formation processes. Future perspectives are discussed on the opportunities and challenges in fabricating high-grade 2D nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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13
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Zhao Y, Tong T, Wang X, Lin S, Reid EM, Chen Y. Differentiating Solutes with Precise Nanofiltration for Next Generation Environmental Separations: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1359-1376. [PMID: 33439001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal or enrichment of targeted solutes including micropollutants, valuable elements, and mineral scalants from complex aqueous matrices is both challenging and pivotal to the success of water purification and resource recovery from unconventional water resources. Membrane separation with precision at the subnanometer or even subangstrom scale is of paramount importance to address those challenges via enabling "fit-for-purpose" water and wastewater treatment. So far, researchers have attempted to develop novel membrane materials with precise and tailored selectivity by tuning membrane structure and chemistry. In this critical review, we first present the environmental challenges and opportunities that necessitate improved solute-solute selectivity in membrane separation. We then discuss the mechanisms and desired membrane properties required for better membrane selectivity. On the basis of the most recent progress reported in the literature, we examine the key principles of material design and fabrication, which create membranes with enhanced and more targeted selectivity. We highlight the important roles of surface engineering, nanotechnology, and molecular-level design in improving membrane selectivity. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of highly selective NF membranes for practical environmental applications, identifying knowledge gaps that will guide future research to promote environmental sustainability through more precise and tunable membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Elliot M Reid
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Lee WC, Bondaz L, Huang S, He G, Dakhchoune M, Agrawal KV. Centimeter-scale gas-sieving nanoporous single-layer graphene membrane. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Suk ME. Single-File Water Flux Through Two-Dimensional Nanoporous Membranes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:204. [PMID: 33140177 PMCID: PMC7606393 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of two-dimensional (2D) materials have facilitated a wide variety of surface chemical characteristics obtained by composing atomic species, pore functionalization, etc. The present study focused on how chemical characteristics such as hydrophilicity affects the water transport rate in hexagonal 2D membranes. The membrane-water interaction strength was tuned to change the hydrophilicity, and the sub-nanometer pore was used to investigate single-file flux, which is known to retain excellent salt rejection. Due to the dewetting behavior of the hydrophobic pore, the water flux was zero or nominal below the threshold interaction strength. Above the threshold interaction strength, water flux decreased with an increase in interaction strength. From the potential of mean force analysis and diffusion coefficient calculations, the proximal region of the pore entrance was found to be the dominant factor degrading water flux at the highly hydrophilic pore. Furthermore, the superiority of 2D membranes over 3D membranes appeared to depend on the interaction strength. The present findings will have implications in the design of 2D membranes to retain a high water filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Eun Suk
- Mechanical Engineering, IT Convergence College of Components and Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea.
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16
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Zhou Q, Ma Y, Ma X, Luo X, Zheng S, Nan Y, Ou E, Wang K, Xu W. Synthesis of nanoporous graphenes via decarboxylation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6336-6339. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new crystalline structures of nanoporous graphenes were synthesized via decarboxylation reaction and provided an ideal platform for oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xuhang Ma
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shizhao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Material Research
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Peking University
- Shenzhen
| | - Yanxia Nan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Encai Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Kedong Wang
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Weijian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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17
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Chaturvedi P, Vlassiouk IV, Cullen DA, Rondinone AJ, Lavrik NV, Smirnov SN. Ionic Conductance through Graphene: Assessing Its Applicability as a Proton Selective Membrane. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12109-12119. [PMID: 31592639 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by recent reports on possible proton conductance through graphene, we have investigated the behavior of pristine graphene and defect engineered graphene membranes for ionic conductance and selectivity with the goal of evaluating a possibility of its application as a proton selective membrane. The averaged conductance for pristine chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene at pH1 is ∼4 mS/cm2 but varies strongly due to contributions from the unavoidable defects in our CVD graphene. From the variations in the conductance with electrolyte strength and pH, we can conclude that pristine graphene is fairly selective and the conductance is mainly due to protons. Engineering of the defects with ion beam (He+, Ga+) irradiation and plasma (N2 and H2) treatment showed improved areal conductance with high proton selectivity mostly for He-ion beam and H2 plasma treatments, which agrees with primarily vacancy-free type of defects produced in these cases confirmed by Raman analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico 88003 , United States
| | - Ivan V Vlassiouk
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Adam J Rondinone
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Sergei N Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , New Mexico 88003 , United States
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18
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Ali A, Aamir M, Thebo KH, Akhtar J. Laminar Graphene Oxide Membranes Towards Selective Ionic and Molecular Separations: Challenges and Progress. CHEM REC 2019; 20:344-354. [PMID: 31419014 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of resources and environmental crises requires an efficient separation technologies, consequently, scientists and engineers are working vigorously for ideal separation materials. Laminar graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional (2D) material offers considerable interest in this field due to its single atomic layer thickness, good stability, chemical inertness, and variety of functional groups. Recently, GO have emerged as a novel membrane material for molecular and ionic separation of gases, solvent, water, and desalination applications. This tutorial review aims to discuss the various approaches used to control the stacking of GO-based membrane with emphasis of advantages and drawbacks associated with each approach. Further, attention will also be given to describe the recent progress in GO based membranes for ionic and molecular separations. Meanwhile, challenges and opportunities will also be discussed in detail. We hope this review expected to provide a compact source of information that will be of great interest to chemists, material scientists, physicists, and engineers working or planning to work in GO based membranes for separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- CAS State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain Thebo
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
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19
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Fu J, Qiao Y, Song H, Xu Z, Tu J, Ba L, Lu Z. Advanced transferring of large-area freestanding graphene films by using fullerenes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:26LT01. [PMID: 30836332 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0cab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding graphene films are desired to be widely applied in biosensor fabrication due to their distinctive physical properties and improved performance. Chemical vapor deposition has been developed to efficiently fabricate large-area graphene. However, some of the fabricated graphene films might break or be contaminated in the current transferring step using polymers. A stable and high-quality transfer method is needed. Herein, we report on an advanced transfer method of large-area graphene film which uses fullerene as a supporting substrate. Unlike polymers, which are commonly eliminated by being dissolved in an organic solution, fullerene can be easily removed by evaporation in a vacuum because it has a different heat stability to graphene. By using the improved transferring method, the percentage of integrated freestanding films after transferring was increased from 60.7% to 93.4%. The vacuum is beneficial in terms of keeping the brittle freestanding films intact. Graphene films transferred using fullerene showed an advanced flatness and a simplicial elementary composition in comparison to those transferred using polymers. Even through there is trace residue, this stable allotrope of graphene is considered to have almost no impact on biomolecule sensing. These advantages make the fullerene transferring method an attractive candidate for fabricating large-area freestanding graphene films, especially for using in the field of biochemistry analysis and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
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20
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Gontarek E, Macedonio F, Militano F, Giorno L, Lieder M, Politano A, Drioli E, Gugliuzza A. Adsorption-assisted transport of water vapour in super-hydrophobic membranes filled with multilayer graphene platelets. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11521-11529. [PMID: 31086934 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of confinement of multilayer graphene platelets in hydrophobic microporous polymeric membranes are here examined. Intermolecular interactions between water vapour molecules and nanocomposite membranes are envisaged to originate assisted transport of water vapour in membrane distillation processes when a suitable filler-polymer ratio is reached. Mass transport coefficients are estimated under different working conditions, suggesting a strong dependence of the transport on molecular interactions. Remarkably, no thermal polarization is observed, although the filler exhibits ultrahigh thermal conductivity. In contrast, enhanced resistance to wetting as well as outstanding mechanical and chemical stability meets the basic requirements of water purification via membrane distillation. As a result, a significant improvement of the productivity-efficiency trade-off is achieved with respect to the pristine polymeric membrane when low amounts of platelets are confined in spherulitic-like PVDF networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gontarek
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, I-87030 Rende, Italy.
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21
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Yu YS, Huang LY, Lu X, Ding HM. Ion transport through a nanoporous C2N membrane: the effect of electric field and layer number. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36705-36711. [PMID: 35558907 PMCID: PMC9088869 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using all-atom molecular dynamic simulations, we show that a monolayer C2N membrane possesses higher permeability and excellent ion selectivity, and that multilayer C2N membranes have promising potential for water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-sheng Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- Department of Physics
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Lu-yi Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- Department of Physics
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Xiang Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- Department of Physics
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Hong-ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
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