1
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Ouaras K, Lombardi G, Hassouni K. Nanoparticles synthesis in microwave plasmas: peculiarities and comprehensive insight. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4653. [PMID: 38409179 PMCID: PMC11231176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-pressure plasma processes are routinely used to grow, functionalize or etch materials, and thanks to some of its unique attributes, plasma has become a major player for some applications such as microelectronics. Plasma processes are however still at a research level when it comes to the synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles. Yet plasma processes can offer a particularly suitable solution to produce nanoparticles having very peculiar features since they enable to: (i) reach particle with a variety of chemical compositions, (ii) tune the size and density of the particle cloud by acting on the transport dynamics of neutral or charged particles through a convenient setting of the thermal gradients or the electric field topology in the reactor chamber and (iii) manipulate nanoparticles and deposit them directly onto a substrate, or codeposit them along with a continuous film to produce nanocomposites or (iv) use them as a template to produce 1D materials. In this article, we present an experimental investigation of nanoparticles synthesis and dynamics in low-pressure microwave plasmas by combining time-resolved and in-situ laser extinction and scattering diagnostics, QCL absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy and SEM along with a particle transport model. We showed for the first time the thermophoresis-driven dynamic of particle cloud in electrodless microwave plasmas. We showed that this effect is linked to particular fluctuations in the plasma composition and results in the formation of a void region in the bulk of the plasma surrounded by a particle cloud in the peripherical post-discharge. We also reveals and analyze the kinetics of precursor dissociation and molecular growth that result in the observed nanoparticle nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ouaras
- LSPM, CNRS, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 Av. J. B. Clément, 93430, Villetaneuse, France.
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Guillaume Lombardi
- LSPM, CNRS, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 Av. J. B. Clément, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Khaled Hassouni
- LSPM, CNRS, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 Av. J. B. Clément, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
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2
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Muñoz R, León-Boigues L, López-Elvira E, Munuera C, Vázquez L, Mompeán F, Martín-Gago JÁ, Palacio I, García-Hernández M. Acrylates Polymerization on Covalent Plasma-Assisted Functionalized Graphene: A Route to Synthesize Hybrid Functional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46171-46180. [PMID: 37738025 PMCID: PMC10561134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The modification of the surface properties of graphene with polymers provides a method for expanding its scope into new applications as a hybrid material. Unfortunately, the chemical inertness of graphene hinders the covalent functionalization required to build them up. Developing new strategies to enhance the graphene chemical activity for efficient and stable functionalization, while preserving its electronic properties, is a major challenge. We here devise a covalent functionalization method that is clean, reproducible, scalable, and technologically relevant for the synthesis of a large-scale, substrate-supported graphene-polymer hybrid material. In a first step, hydrogen-assisted plasma activation of p-aminophenol (p-AP) linker molecules produces their stable and covalent attachment to large-area graphene. Second, an in situ radical polymerization reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is carried out on the functionalized surface, leading to a graphene-polymer hybrid functional material. The functionalization with a hydrophilic and soft polymer modifies the hydrophobicity of graphene and might enhance its biocompatibility. We have characterized these hybrid materials by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy and studied their electrical response, confirming that the graphene/p-AP/PHEA architecture is anchored covalently by the sp3 hybridization and controlled polymerization reaction on graphene, retaining its suitable electronic properties. Among all the possibilities, we assess the proof of concept of this graphene-based hybrid platform as a humidity sensor. An enhanced sensitivity is obtained in comparison with pristine graphene and related materials. This functional nanoarchitecture and the two-step strategy open up future potential applications in sensors, biomaterials, or biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Muñoz
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Laia León-Boigues
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
- Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Elena López-Elvira
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Federico Mompeán
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernández
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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3
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Abbas Q, Shinde PA, Abdelkareem MA, Alami AH, Mirzaeian M, Yadav A, Olabi AG. Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7804. [PMID: 36363396 PMCID: PMC9658785 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Abbas
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Pragati A. Shinde
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Abdul Hai Alami
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mojtaba Mirzaeian
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Abdul Ghani Olabi
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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4
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Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries have numerous advantages, including excellent energy density with high stability. One of the limitations regards the preparation of anode materials at low cost and high safety with good performance. Over the past decade, research has been focused on their improvement as composites, taking advantage of the synergistic effects between the materials. The object of this mini review is to summarize the synthetic strategies of composite electrodes based on graphene that are utilized for lithium-ion chemistries. Emphasis will be given on chemical vapor deposition and how this route can overcome the electrode issues for large-scale deployment.
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5
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Bifunctional catalytic effect of Mo 2C/oxide interface on multi-layer graphene growth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15377. [PMID: 34321528 PMCID: PMC8319320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Mo2C/oxide interface on multi-layer graphene (MLG) nucleation during a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is investigated. During the CVD process, MLG growth is only observed in the presence of a Mo2C/SiO2 interface, indicating that the chemical reactions occurring at this interface trigger the nucleation of MLG. The chemical reaction pathway is explained in four steps as (1) creation of H radicals, (2) reduction of the oxide surface, (3) formation of C–C bonds at O–H sites, and (4) expansion of graphitic domains on the Mo2C catalyst. Different Mo2C/oxide interfaces are investigated, with varying affinity for reduction in a hydrogen environment. The results demonstrate a catalyst/oxide bifunctionality on MLG nucleation, comprising of CH4 dehydrogenation by Mo2C and initial C–C bond formation at the oxide interface.
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6
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Lu CH, Leu CM, Yeh NC. Single-Step Direct Growth of Graphene on Cu Ink toward Flexible Hybrid Electronic Applications by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6951-6959. [PMID: 33525878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly customized and free-formed products in flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) require direct pattern creation such as inkjet printing (IJP) to accelerate product development. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of graphene on Cu ink deposited on polyimide (PI) by means of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which provides simultaneous reduction, sintering, and passivation of the Cu ink and further reduces its resistivity. We investigate the PECVD growth conditions for optimizing the graphene quality on Cu ink and find that the defect characteristics of graphene are sensitive to the H2/CH4 ratio at higher total gas pressure during the growth. The morphology of Cu ink after the PECVD process and the dependence of the graphene quality on the H2/CH4 ratio may be attributed to the difference in the corresponding electron temperature. Therefore, this study paves a new pathway toward efficient growth of high-quality graphene on Cu ink for applications in flexible electronics and Internet of Things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chyi-Ming Leu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Saeed M, Alshammari Y, Majeed SA, Al-Nasrallah E. Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene-Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3856. [PMID: 32854226 PMCID: PMC7503287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD. The role of process conditions and growth substrates on the nucleation and growth of graphene film are thoroughly discussed. The essential characterisation techniques in the study of CVD-grown graphene are reported, highlighting the characteristics of a sample which can be extracted from those techniques. This review also offers a brief overview of the applications to which CVD-grown graphene is well-suited, drawing particular attention to its potential in the sectors of energy and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeed
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Yousef Alshammari
- Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
| | - Shereen A. Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Eissa Al-Nasrallah
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
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8
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Elnobi S, Sharma S, Araby MI, Paudel B, Kalita G, Mohd Yusop MZ, Ayhan ME, Tanemura M. Room-temperature graphitization in a solid-phase reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:914-922. [PMID: 35494459 PMCID: PMC9048107 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitized carbon including graphene has recently become one of the most investigated advanced materials for future device applications, but a prerequisite for broadening its range of applications is to lower its growth temperature. Here we report a great decrease in graphitization temperature using the well-known catalyst Ni. Amorphous carbon films with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited, using a simple one-step magnetron sputtering method, onto microgrids and a SiO2/Si substrate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The amorphous carbon surroundings and locations between the Ni NPs started to become graphitized during the film deposition even at room temperature (RT) and 50 °C. The graphitization was confirmed by both high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and Raman 2D peak analyses. The increase in the relative amount of Ni in the amorphous carbon film led to the partial oxidation of the larger Ni NPs, resulting in less graphitization even at an elevated deposition temperature. Based on the detailed HR-TEM analyses, a decreased oxidation of NPs and enhanced solubility of carbon into Ni NPs were believed to be key for achieving low-temperature graphitization. The spontaneous graphitization for C films containing Ni NPs was attributed mainly to the increased solubility for metallic Ni NPs, and was enhanced at the deposition temperature of 50 °C.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elnobi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University Qena 83523 Egypt
| | - Subash Sharma
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379
| | - Mona Ibrahim Araby
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379
| | - Balaram Paudel
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379
| | - Golap Kalita
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379
| | - Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Muhammed Emre Ayhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Masaki Tanemura
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan +81-52-735-5379 +81-52-735-5379
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9
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Mishra N, Forti S, Fabbri F, Martini L, McAleese C, Conran BR, Whelan PR, Shivayogimath A, Jessen BS, Buß L, Falta J, Aliaj I, Roddaro S, Flege JI, Bøggild P, Teo KBK, Coletti C. Wafer-Scale Synthesis of Graphene on Sapphire: Toward Fab-Compatible Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904906. [PMID: 31668009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of graphene in electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining high-quality material on technologically relevant substrates, over wafer-scale sizes, and with metal contamination levels compatible with industrial requirements. To date, the direct growth of graphene on insulating substrates has proved to be challenging, usually requiring metal-catalysts or yielding defective graphene. In this work, a metal-free approach implemented in commercially available reactors to obtain high-quality monolayer graphene on c-plane sapphire substrates via chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. Low energy electron diffraction, low energy electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements identify the Al-rich reconstruction 31 × 31 R ± 9 ° of sapphire to be crucial for obtaining epitaxial graphene. Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements reveal high-quality graphene with mobilities consistently above 2000 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The process is scaled up to 4 and 6 in. wafers sizes and metal contamination levels are retrieved to be within the limits for back-end-of-line integration. The growth process introduced here establishes a method for the synthesis of wafer-scale graphene films on a technologically viable basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Stiven Forti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clifford McAleese
- AIXTRON Ltd., Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Ben R Conran
- AIXTRON Ltd., Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Patrick R Whelan
- DTU Physics, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- DTU Physics, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarke S Jessen
- DTU Physics, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Buß
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Jens Falta
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Ilirjan Aliaj
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Roddaro
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan I Flege
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Peter Bøggild
- DTU Physics, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kenneth B K Teo
- AIXTRON Ltd., Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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10
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Espinós JP, Rico VJ, González-Cobos J, Sánchez-Valencia JR, Pérez-Dieste V, Escudero C, de Lucas-Consuegra A, González-Elipe AR. Graphene Formation Mechanism by the Electrochemical Promotion of a Ni Catalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Espinós
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victor J. Rico
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Cobos
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Ave. Paisos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Sánchez-Valencia
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Dieste
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carres de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carres de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio de Lucas-Consuegra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Agustín R. González-Elipe
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Vishwakarma R, Zhu R, Abuelwafa AA, Mabuchi Y, Adhikari S, Ichimura S, Soga T, Umeno M. Direct Synthesis of Large-Area Graphene on Insulating Substrates at Low Temperature using Microwave Plasma CVD. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11263-11270. [PMID: 31460228 PMCID: PMC6648798 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With a combination of outstanding properties and a wide spectrum of applications, graphene has emerged as a significant nanomaterial. However, to realize its full potential for practical applications, a number of obstacles have to be overcome, such as low-temperature, transfer-free growth on desired substrates. In most of the reports, direct graphene growth is confined to either a small area or high sheet resistance. Here, an attempt has been made to grow large-area graphene directly on insulating substrates, such as quartz and glass, using magnetron-generated microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition at a substrate temperature of 300 °C with a sheet resistance of 1.3k Ω/□ and transmittance of 80%. Graphene is characterized using Raman microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical imaging, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Four-probe resistivity and Hall effect measurements were performed to investigate electronic properties. Key to this report is the use of 0.3 sccm CO2 during growth to put a control over vertical graphene growth, generally forming carbon walls, and 15-20 min of O3 treatment on as-synthesized graphene to improve sheet carrier mobility and transmittance. This report can be helpful in growing large-area graphene directly on insulating transparent substrates at low temperatures with advanced electronic properties for applications in transparent conducting electrodes and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riteshkumar Vishwakarma
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
- E-mail: (R.V.)
| | - Rucheng Zhu
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
| | - Amr Attia Abuelwafa
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
| | - Yota Mabuchi
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
- Department
of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Sudip Adhikari
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Ichimura
- Nagoya
Industry Promotion Corporation, 3-4-41 Rokuban, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 4560058, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Soga
- Department
of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Umeno
- C’s
Techno Inc., Co-operative Research Center for Advanced Technology, Nagoya Science Park, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 4630003, Japan
- E-mail: (M.U.)
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