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Isik F, Delikanli S, Durmusoglu EG, Isik AT, Shabani F, Baruj HD, Demir HV. "Giant" Colloidal Quantum Well Heterostructures of CdSe@CdS Core@Shell Nanoplatelets from 9.5 to 17.5 Monolayers in Thickness Enabling Ultra-High Gain Lasing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309494. [PMID: 38441357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) have emerged as a promising class of gain materials to be used in colloidal lasers. Although low gain thresholds are achieved, the required high gain coefficient levels are barely met for the applications of electrically-driven lasers which entails a very thin gain matrix to avoid charge injection limitations. Here, "giant" CdSe@CdS colloidal quantum well heterostructures of 9.5 to 17.5 monolayers (ML) in total with corresponding vertical thickness from 3.0 to 5.8 nm that enable record optical gain is shown. These CQWs achieve ultra-high material gain coefficients up to ≈140 000 cm-1, obtained by systematic variable stripe length (VSL) measurements and independently validated by transient absorption (TA) measurements, owing to their high number of states. This exceptional gain capacity is an order of magnitude higher than the best levels reported for the colloidal quantum dots. From the dispersion of these quantum wells, low threshold amplified spontaneous emission in water providing an excellent platform for optofluidic lasers is demonstrated. Also, employing these giant quantum wells, whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing with an ultra-low threshold of 8 µJ cm-2 is demonstrated. These findings indicate that giant CQWs offer an exceptional platform for colloidal thin-film lasers and in-solution lasing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ahmet Tarik Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Baruj HD, Bozkaya I, Canimkurbey B, Isik AT, Shabani F, Delikanli S, Shendre S, Erdem O, Isik F, Demir HV. Highly-Directional, Highly-Efficient Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Diodes of All-Face-Down Oriented Colloidal Quantum Well Self-Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206582. [PMID: 37021726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) provide anisotropic emission behavior originating from their anisotropic optical transition dipole moments (TDMs). Here, solution-processed colloidal quantum well light-emitting diodes (CQW-LEDs) of a single all-face-down oriented self-assembled monolayer (SAM) film of CQWs that collectively enable a supreme level of IP TDMs at 92% in the ensemble emission are shown. This significantly enhances the outcoupling efficiency from 22% (of standard randomly-oriented emitters) to 34% (of face-down oriented emitters) in the LED. As a result, the external quantum efficiency reaches a record high level of 18.1% for the solution-processed type of CQW-LEDs, putting their efficiency performance on par with the hybrid organic-inorganic evaporation-based CQW-LEDs and all other best solution-processed LEDs. This SAM-CQW-LED architecture allows for a high maximum brightness of 19,800 cd m-2 with a long operational lifetime of 247 h at 100 cd m-2 as well as a stable saturated deep-red emission (651 nm) with a low turn-on voltage of 1.7 eV at a current density of 1 mA cm-2 and a high J90 of 99.58 mA cm-2 . These findings indicate the effectiveness of oriented self-assembly of CQWs as an electrically-driven emissive layer in improving outcoupling and external quantum efficiencies in the CQW-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Iklim Bozkaya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Betul Canimkurbey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya, 05100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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3
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Babunts RA, Uspenskaya YA, Romanov NG, Orlinskii SB, Mamin GV, Shornikova EV, Yakovlev DR, Bayer M, Isik F, Shendre S, Delikanli S, Demir HV, Baranov PG. High-Frequency EPR and ENDOR Spectroscopy of Mn 2+ Ions in CdSe/CdMnS Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4474-4482. [PMID: 36802485 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor colloidal nanoplatelets based of CdSe have excellent optical properties. Their magneto-optical and spin-dependent properties can be greatly modified by implementing magnetic Mn2+ ions, using concepts well established for diluted magnetic semiconductors. A variety of magnetic resonance techniques based on high-frequency (94 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance in continuous wave and pulsed mode were used to get detailed information on the spin structure and spin dynamics of Mn2+ ions in core/shell CdSe/(Cd,Mn)S nanoplatelets. We observed two sets of resonances assigned to the Mn2+ ions inside the shell and at the nanoplatelet surface. The surface Mn demonstrates a considerably longer spin dynamics than the inner Mn due to lower amount of surrounding Mn2+ ions. The interaction between surface Mn2+ ions and 1H nuclei belonging to oleic acid ligands is measured by means of electron nuclear double resonance. This allowed us to estimate the distances between the Mn2+ ions and 1H nuclei, which equal to 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.09, and more than 0.53 nm. This study shows that the Mn2+ ions can serve as atomic-size probes for studying the ligand attachment to the nanoplatelet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Babunts
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai G Romanov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Georgy V Mamin
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Physics, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena V Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sushant Shendre
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pavel G Baranov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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Bai B, Zhang C, Dou Y, Kong L, Wang L, Wang S, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu L, Liu B, Zhang X, Hadar I, Bekenstein Y, Wang A, Yin Z, Turyanska L, Feldmann J, Yang X, Jia G. Atomically flat semiconductor nanoplatelets for light-emitting applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:318-360. [PMID: 36533300 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed extensive breakthroughs and significant progress in atomically flat two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) in terms of synthesis, growth mechanisms, optical and electronic properties and practical applications. Such NPLs have electronic structures similar to those of quantum wells in which excitons are predominantly confined along the vertical direction, while electrons are free to move in the lateral directions, resulting in unique optical properties, such as extremely narrow emission line width, short photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, high gain coefficient, and giant oscillator strength transition (GOST). These unique optical properties make NPLs favorable for high color purity light-emitting applications, in particular in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), backlights for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and lasers. This review article first introduces the intrinsic characteristics of 2D semiconductor NPLs with atomic flatness. Subsequently, the approaches and mechanisms for the controlled synthesis of atomically flat NPLs are summarized followed by an insight on recent progress in the mediation of core/shell, core/crown and core/crown@shell structures by selective epitaxial growth of passivation layers on different planes of NPLs. Moreover, an overview of the unique optical properties and the associated light-emitting applications is elaborated. Despite great progress in this research field, there are some issues relating to heavy metal elements such as Cd2+ in NPLs, and the ambiguous gain mechanisms of NPLs and others are the main obstacles that prevent NPLs from widespread applications. Therefore, a perspective is included at the end of this review article, in which the current challenges in this stimulating research field are discussed and possible solutions to tackle these challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yongjiang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henaon University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ido Hadar
- Institute of Chemistry, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yehonadav Bekenstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Aixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Additive Manufacturing Building, Jubilee Campus, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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Delikanli S, Isik F, Durmusoglu EG, Erdem O, Shabani F, Canimkurbey B, Kumar S, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Demir HV. Observation of optical gain from aqueous quantum well heterostructures in water. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14895-14901. [PMID: 36106594 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although achieving optical gain using aqueous solutions of colloidal nanocrystals as a gain medium is exceptionally beneficial for bio-optoelectronic applications, the realization of optical gain in an aqueous medium using solution-processed nanocrystals has been extremely challenging because of the need for surface modification to make nanocrystals water dispersible while still maintaining their gain. Here, we present the achievement of optical gain in an aqueous medium using an advanced architecture of CdSe/CdS@CdxZn1-xS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with an ultralow threshold of ∼3.4 μJ cm-2 and an ultralong gain lifetime of ∼2.6 ns. This demonstration of optical gain in an aqueous medium is a result of the carefully heterostructured CQWs having large absorption cross-section and gain cross-section in addition to inherently slow Auger recombination in these CQWs. Furthermore, we show low-threshold in-water amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from these aqueous CQWs with a threshold of 120 μJ cm-2. In addition, we demonstrate a whispering gallery mode laser with a low threshold of ∼30 μJ cm-2 obtained by incorporating films of CQWs by exploiting layer-by-layer approach on a fiber. The observation of low-threshold optical gain with ultralong gain lifetime presents a significant step toward the realization of advanced optofluidic colloidal lasers and their continuous-wave pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Delikanli
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Betul Canimkurbey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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7
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Li F, Klepzig LF, Keppler N, Behrens P, Bigall NC, Menzel H, Lauth J. Layer-by-Layer Deposition of 2D CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets and Polymers for Photoluminescent Composite Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11149-11159. [PMID: 36067458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are strongly photoluminescent materials with interesting properties for optoelectronics. Especially their narrow photoluminescence paired with a high quantum yield is promising for light emission applications with high color purity. However, retaining these features in solid-state thin films together with an efficient encapsulation of the NPLs is a challenge, especially when trying to achieve high-quality films with a defined optical density and low surface roughness. Here, we show photoluminescent polymer-encapsulated inorganic-organic nanocomposite coatings of 2D CdSe/CdS NPLs in poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), which are prepared by sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polyelectrolytes and aqueous phase-transferred NPLs with negatively charged surface ligands is used as a driving force to achieve self-assembled nanocomposite coatings with a well-controlled layer thickness and surface roughness. Increasing the repulsive forces between the NPLs by increasing the pH value of the dispersion leads to the formation of nanocomposites with all NPLs arranging flat on the substrate, while the surface roughness of the 165 nm (50 bilayers) thick coating decreases to Ra = 14 nm. The photoluminescence properties of the nanocomposites are determined by the atomic layer thickness of the NPLs and the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid ligand used for their phase transfer. Both the full width at half-maximum (20.5 nm) and the position (548 nm) of the nanocomposite photoluminescence are retained in comparison to the colloidal CdSe/CdS NPLs in aqueous dispersion, while the measured photoluminescence quantum yield of 5% is competitive to state-of-the-art nanomaterial coatings. Our approach yields stable polymer-encapsulated CdSe/CdS NPLs in smooth coatings with controllable film thickness, rendering the LbL deposition technique a powerful tool for the fabrication of solid-state photoluminescent nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhao Li
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lars F Klepzig
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Keppler
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Shabani F, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Yurdakul I, Delikanli S, Gheshlaghi N, Isik F, Liu B, Altintas Y, Canımkurbey B, Demir HV. Deep-Red-Emitting Colloidal Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled through a Complex Design of Core/Crown/Double Shell Heterostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106115. [PMID: 34894078 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extending the emission peak wavelength of quasi-2D colloidal quantum wells has been an important quest to fully exploit the potential of these materials, which has not been possible due to the complications arising from the partial dissolution and recrystallization during growth to date. Here, the synthetic pathway of (CdSe/CdS)@(1-4 CdS/CdZnS) (core/crown)@(colloidal atomic layer deposition shell/hot injection shell) hetero-nanoplatelets (NPLs) using multiple techniques, which together enable highly efficient emission beyond 700 nm in the deep-red region, is proposed and demonstrated. Given the challenges of using conventional hot injection procedure, a method that allows to obtain sufficiently thick and passivated NPLs as the seeds is developed. Consequently, through the final hot injection shell coating, thick NPLs with superior optical properties including a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 88% are achieved. These NPLs emitting at 701 nm exhibit a full-width-at-half-maximum of 26 nm, enabled by the successfully maintained quasi-2D shape and minimum defects of the resulting heterostructure. The deep-red light-emitting diode (LED) device fabricated with these NPLs has shown to yield a high external quantum efficiency of 6.8% at 701 nm, which is on par with other types of LEDs in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Iklim Yurdakul
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Negar Gheshlaghi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, TR-38080, Turkey
| | - Betül Canımkurbey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya, 05100, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Nawrot KC, Zareba JK, Toporkiewicz M, Chodaczek G, Wawrzynczyk D, Kulbacka J, Bazylinska U, Nyk M. Polymeric Nanocarriers with Luminescent Colloidal Nanoplatelets as Hydrophilic and Non-Toxic Two-Photon Bioimaging Agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3649-3660. [PMID: 34079255 PMCID: PMC8166280 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are promising materials for nonlinear optical microscopy since they feature good two-photon absorption (TPA) properties, narrow photoluminescence spectra and high quantum yields of luminescence. Nevertheless, the use of semiconductor NPLs is inevitably connected with concerns about heavy metal ion toxicity and their intrinsically hydrophobic character. Methods Our contribution focuses on the design and engineering of coloidal bionanomaterial consisting of two-dimensional highly luminescent CdSe semiconductor NPLs loaded into spherical and homogeneous polymeric nanocarriers (NCs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) block co-polymer. The biocompatibility and usefulness of the NPLs-loaded polymeric NCs in two-photon induced bioimaging was demonstrated invitroby cytotoxicity and two-photon microscopic studies using eukaryotic (normal fibroblasts and cancer ovarian) cells. Results The encapsulated NPLs maintain their intensive and spectrally narrow photoluminescence, as well as preserve good TPA properties, while the surrounding polymer shell imparts hydrophilic character and non-toxicity towards eukaryotic cells. Specifically, TPA cross-sections of the colloidal NCs loaded with NPLs show large values reaching up to 2.0 × 108 GM, with simultaneously two-photon brightness reaching 2.2 × 107 GM at 870 nm. MTT proliferation assay performed on cell lines treated with encapsulated NPLs revealed at least 70% viability of normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and cancer ovarian (MDAH-2774) cells, while the results of multiphoton imaging of murine (L-929) fibroblasts suggest that the encapsulated NPLs are capable of labelling the target cells enabling their visualization. Conclusion As a result, we obtained water dispersible and temporally stable hydrophilic NPLs-loaded NCs that offer excellent, both one- and two-photon excited fluorescence preserving optical properties of the raw hydrophobic and colloidal NPLs. The biological responses upon eukaryotic cells indicate that the encapsulation process protects cells from the toxic influence of cadmium simultaneously preserving the unique multiphoton properties of the active cargo which opens a promising perspective for its application in multiphoton cancer bioimaging excited at the “optical transmission window” of biological tissues in near-infrared range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Celina Nawrot
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jan Kazimierz Zareba
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Monika Toporkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, 54-066, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, 54-066, Poland
| | - Dominika Wawrzynczyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Urszula Bazylinska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Marcin Nyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
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10
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Delikanli S, Erdem O, Isik F, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Shabani F, Yagci HB, Durmusoglu EG, Demir HV. Ultrahigh Green and Red Optical Gain Cross Sections from Solutions of Colloidal Quantum Well Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2177-2182. [PMID: 33630593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in solution with ultralow thresholds of 30 μJ/cm2 in red and of 44 μJ/cm2 in green from engineered colloidal quantum well (CQW) heterostructures. For this purpose, CdSe/CdS core/crown CQWs, designed to hit the green region, and CdSe/CdS@CdxZn1-xS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell CQWs, further tuned to reach the red region by shell alloying, were employed to achieve high-performance ASE in the visible range. The net modal gain of these CQWs reaches 530 cm-1 for the green and 201 cm-1 for the red, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in solution. To explain the root cause for ultrahigh gain coefficient in solution, we show for the first time that the gain cross sections of these CQWs is ≥3.3 × 10-14 cm2 in the green and ≥1.3 × 10-14 cm2 in the red, which are two orders of magnitude larger compared to those of CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bilge Yagci
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emek Goksu Durmusoglu
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Maskoun J, Gheshlaghi N, Isik F, Delikanli S, Erdem O, Erdem EY, Demir HV. Optical Microfluidic Waveguides and Solution Lasers of Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007131. [PMID: 33491818 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The realization of high-quality lasers in microfluidic devices is crucial for numerous applications, including biological and chemical sensors and flow cytometry, and the development of advanced lab-on-chip (LOC) devices. Herein, an ultralow-threshold microfluidic single-mode laser is proposed and demonstrated using an on-chip cavity. CdSe/CdS@Cdx Zn1- x S core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell colloidal semiconductor quantum wells (CQWs) dispersed in toluene are employed in the cavity created inside a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device using SiO2 -protected Ag mirrors to achieve in-solution lasing. Lasing from such a microfluidic device having CQWs solution as a microfluidic gain medium is shown for the first time with a record-low optical gain threshold of 17.1 µJ cm- ² and lasing threshold of 68.4 µJ cm- ² among all solution-based lasing demonstrations. In addition, air-stable SiO2 protected Ag films are used and designed to form highly tunable and reflective mirrors required to attain a high-quality Fabry-Pérot cavity. These realized record-low thresholds emanate from the high-quality on-chip cavity together with the core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell CQWs having giant gain cross-section and slow Auger rates. This microfabricated CQW laser provides a compact and inexpensive coherent light source for microfluidics and integrated optics covering the visible spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joudi Maskoun
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Negar Gheshlaghi
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Onur Erdem
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Emine Yegan Erdem
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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12
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Tolmachev DO, Ivanov VY, Yakovlev DR, Shornikova EV, Witkowski B, Shendre S, Isik F, Delikani S, Demir HV, Bayer M. Optically detected magnetic resonance in CdSe/CdMnS nanoplatelets. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21932-21939. [PMID: 33112343 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell CdSe/(Cd,Mn)S colloidal nanoplatelets containing magnetic Mn2+ ions are investigated by the optically detected magnetic resonance technique, combining 60 GHz microwave excitation and photoluminescence detection. Resonant heating of the Mn spin system is observed. We identify two mechanisms of optical detection, via variation of either the photoluminescence polarization or its intensity in an external magnetic field. The spin-lattice relaxation dynamics of the Mn spin system is measured and used for evaluation of the Mn concentration. In CdSe/(Cd,Zn,Mn)S nanoplatelets the addition of Zn in the shells significantly broadens the magnetic resonance, evidencing local strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil O Tolmachev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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13
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Shornikova EV, Yakovlev DR, Tolmachev DO, Ivanov VY, Kalitukha IV, Sapega VF, Kudlacik D, Kusrayev YG, Golovatenko AA, Shendre S, Delikanli S, Demir HV, Bayer M. Magneto-Optics of Excitons Interacting with Magnetic Ions in CdSe/CdMnS Colloidal Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9032-9041. [PMID: 32585089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in diluted magnetic semiconductors represent excellent probes for studying the magnetic properties of these materials. Various magneto-optical effects, which depend sensitively on the exchange interaction of the excitons with the localized spins of the magnetic ions can be used for probing. Here, we study core/shell CdSe/(Cd,Mn)S colloidal nanoplatelets hosting diluted magnetic semiconductor layers. The inclusion of the magnetic Mn2+ ions is evidenced by three magneto-optical techniques using high magnetic fields up to 15 T: polarized photoluminescence, optically detected magnetic resonance, and spin-flip Raman scattering. We show that the holes in the excitons play the dominant role in exchange interaction with magnetic ions. We suggest and test an approach for evaluation of the Mn2+ concentration based on the spin-lattice relaxation dynamics of the Mn2+ spin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Danil O Tolmachev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vitalii Yu Ivanov
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ina V Kalitukha
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor F Sapega
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuri G Kusrayev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Sushant Shendre
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Savas Delikanli
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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14
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15
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Taghipour N, Delikanli S, Shendre S, Sak M, Li M, Isik F, Tanriover I, Guzelturk B, Sum TC, Demir HV. Sub-single exciton optical gain threshold in colloidal semiconductor quantum wells with gradient alloy shelling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3305. [PMID: 32620749 PMCID: PMC7335098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum wells have emerged as a promising material platform for use in solution-processable lasers. However, applications relying on their optical gain suffer from nonradiative Auger decay due to multi-excitonic nature of light amplification in II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals. Here, we show sub-single exciton level of optical gain threshold in specially engineered CdSe/CdS@CdZnS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell quantum wells. This sub-single exciton ensemble-averaged gain threshold of (Ng)≈ 0.84 (per particle) resulting from impeded Auger recombination, along with a large absorption cross-section of quantum wells, enables us to observe the amplified spontaneous emission starting at an ultralow pump fluence of ~ 800 nJ cm-2, at least three-folds better than previously reported values among all colloidal nanocrystals. Finally, using these gradient shelled quantum wells, we demonstrate a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser operating at a low lasing threshold of 7.5 μJ cm-2. These results represent a significant step towards the realization of solution-processable electrically-driven colloidal lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taghipour
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mustafa Sak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mingjie Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Tanriover
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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16
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Goryacheva OA, Guhrenz C, Schneider K, Beloglazova NV, Goryacheva IY, De Saeger S, Gaponik N. Silanized Luminescent Quantum Dots for the Simultaneous Multicolor Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Two Mycotoxins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24575-24584. [PMID: 32372638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A critical point for the successful development of a fluorescent quantum dot (QD)-based immunoassay is maintaining the high fluorescence quantum yield of QDs during hydrophilization and bioconjugation. In this paper, we carefully designed CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell heterostructures and extended them with silica coating of different surface composition allowing preservation of fluorescence quantum yield as high as 70% in aqueous media. The silanized QDs containing epoxy and carboxy surface groups were bioconjugated with monoclonal antibodies. The synthesized fluorescent conjugates were used in a multicolor lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous determination of two mycotoxins. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were chosen as a proof of concept. Cutoff levels for the zearalenone and deoxynivalenol detection were adjusted to be at 40 and 400 μg kg-1, respectively, complying with the European Commission regulation. Validation of the developed test was performed by analysis of 34 naturally contaminated maize and wheat samples; as a confirmatory method, LC-MS/MS was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Goryacheva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Chemistry Institute, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Chris Guhrenz
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Kristian Schneider
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Natalia V Beloglazova
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Chemistry Institute, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
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17
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Piveteau L, Dirin DN, Gordon CP, Walder BJ, Ong TC, Emsley L, Copéret C, Kovalenko MV. Colloidal-ALD-Grown Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets as Seen by DNP Enhanced PASS-PIETA NMR Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3003-3018. [PMID: 32078332 PMCID: PMC7227022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange and CdS shell growth onto colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) using colloidal atomic layer deposition (c-ALD) were investigated by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, in particular, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced phase adjusted spinning sidebands-phase incremented echo-train acquisition (PASS-PIETA). The improved sensitivity and resolution of DNP enhanced PASS-PIETA permits the identification and study of the core, shell, and surface species of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs heterostructures at all stages of c-ALD. The cadmium chemical shielding was found to be proportionally dependent on the number and nature of coordinating chalcogen-based ligands. DFT calculations permitted the separation of the the 111/113Cd chemical shielding into its different components, revealing that the varying strength of paramagnetic and spin-orbit shielding contributions are responsible for the chemical shielding trend of cadmium chalcogenides. Overall, this study points to the roughening and increased chemical disorder at the surface during the shell growth process, which is not readily captured by the conventional characterization tools such as electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piveteau
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Brennan J. Walder
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse
129, Zurich CH-8600, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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18
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Mulder J, Kirkwood N, De Trizio L, Li C, Bals S, Manna L, Houtepen AJ. Developing Lattice Matched ZnMgSe Shells on InZnP Quantum Dots for Phosphor Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3859-3867. [PMID: 32363330 PMCID: PMC7187636 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide quantum dots (QDs) have drawn attention as alternatives to cadmium- and lead-based QDs that are currently used as phosphors in lamps and displays. The main drawbacks of InP QDs are, in general, a lower photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), a decreased color purity, and poor chemical stability. In this research, we attempted to increase the PLQY and stability of indium phosphide QDs by developing lattice matched InP/MgSe core-shell nanoheterostructures. The choice of MgSe comes from the fact that, in theory, it has a near-perfect lattice match with InP, provided MgSe is grown in the zinc blende crystal structure, which can be achieved by alloying with zinc. To retain lattice matching, we used Zn in both the core and shell and we fabricated InZnP/Zn x Mg1-x Se core/shell QDs. To identify the most suitable conditions for the shell growth, we first developed a synthesis route to Zn x Mg1-x Se nanocrystals (NCs) wherein Mg is effectively incorporated. Our optimized procedure was employed for the successful growth of Zn x Mg1-x Se shells around In(Zn)P QDs. The corresponding core/shell systems exhibit PLQYs higher than those of the starting In(Zn)P QDs and, more importantly, a higher color purity upon increasing the Mg content. The results are discussed in the context of a reduced density of interface states upon using better lattice matched Zn x Mg1-x Se shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jence
T. Mulder
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Chen Li
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Email
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19
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Liu B, Altintas Y, Wang L, Shendre S, Sharma M, Sun H, Mutlugun E, Demir HV. Record High External Quantum Efficiency of 19.2% Achieved in Light-Emitting Diodes of Colloidal Quantum Wells Enabled by Hot-Injection Shell Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905824. [PMID: 31867764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are regarded as a highly promising class of optoelectronic materials, thanks to their unique excitonic characteristics of high extinction coefficients and ultranarrow emission bandwidths. Although the exploration of CQWs in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is impressive, the performance of CQW-LEDs lags far behind other types of soft-material LEDs (e.g., organic LEDs, colloidal-quantum-dot LEDs, and perovskite LEDs). Herein, high-efficiency CQW-LEDs reaching close to the theoretical limit are reported. A key factor for this high performance is the exploitation of hot-injection shell (HIS) growth of CQWs, which enables a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), reduces nonradiative channels, ensures smooth films, and enhances the stability. Remarkably, the PLQY remains 95% in solution and 87% in film despite rigorous cleaning. Through systematically understanding their shape-, composition-, and device-engineering, the CQW-LEDs using CdSe/Cd0.25 Zn0.75 S core/HIS CQWs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.2%. Additionally, a high luminance of 23 490 cd m-2 , extremely saturated red color with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.715, 0.283), and stable emission are obtained. The findings indicate that HIS-grown CQWs enable high-performance solution-processed LEDs, which may pave the path for future CQW-based display and lighting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiquan Liu
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, TR-38080, Turkey
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Evren Mutlugun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, TR-38080, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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20
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Halim H, Simon J, Lieberwirth I, Mailänder V, Koynov K, Riedinger A. Water-dispersed semiconductor nanoplatelets with high fluorescence brightness, chemical and colloidal stability. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:146-154. [PMID: 31782477 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-two dimensional semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit high spectral brightness and large absorption cross sections, making them promising for various applications including bioimaging. However, the synthesis of NPLs takes place in organic solvents, therefore they require phase transfer in order to use them in aqueous environments. The phase transfer of NPLs has so far been challenging with few examples in literature. This is likely due to the facile agglomeration of materials with plate-like geometries during the coating procedure. Here we demonstrate how to overcome agglomeration and transfer NPLs, individually coated with amphiphilic polymer chains, to aqueous phase. Upon one and two-photon excitation the water transferred NPLs exhibit more than two fold higher fluorescent brightness relative to commercially available quantum dots. Additionally, the polymer coating increase the stability of nanoparticles in physiological conditions (pH 4.5-7.4, [NaCl] 5.8-11.7 g L-1, and in human serum). Our experiments with NPL labeled RAW264.7 cells demonstrate the capabilities of NPLs as next generation ultra-bright fluorescent labels for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Halim
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Riedinger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Kelestemur Y, Shynkarenko Y, Anni M, Yakunin S, De Giorgi ML, Kovalenko MV. Colloidal CdSe Quantum Wells with Graded Shell Composition for Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Highly Efficient Electroluminescence. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13899-13909. [PMID: 31769648 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) have emerged as a very promising class of colloidal nanocrystals for light-emitting devices owing to their quantum-well-like electronic and optical characteristics. However, their lower photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and limited stability have hampered the realization of their outstanding luminescent properties in device applications. Here, to address these deficiencies, we present a two-step synthetic approach that enables the synthesis of core/shell NPLs with precisely controlled shell composition for engineering their excitonic properties. The proposed CdSe colloidal quantum wells possess a graded shell, which is composed of a CdS buffer layer and a CdxZn1-xS gradient layer, and exhibit bright emission (PLQY 75-89%) in the red spectral region (634-648 nm) with a narrow emission line width (21 nm). These enhanced optical properties allowed us to attain low thresholds for amplified spontaneous emission (down to ∼40 μJ/cm2) under nanosecond laser excitation. We also studied the electroluminescent performance of these NPLs by fabricating solution-processed light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In comparison to NPL-LEDs with CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs, which exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) value of only 1.80%, a significantly improved EQE value of 9.92% was obtained using graded-shell NPLs, the highest value for colloidal NPL-based-LEDs. In addition, the low efficiency roll-off characteristics of NPL-LEDs enabled a high brightness of up to ∼46 000 cd/m2 with an electroluminescence peak centered at 650 nm. These findings demonstrate the paramount role that heterostructure engineering occupies in enhancing the optoelectronic characteristics of semiconductor NPLs toward practically relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Kelestemur
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Yevhen Shynkarenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" , Università del Salento , Via per Arnesano , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Maria Luisa De Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" , Università del Salento , Via per Arnesano , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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22
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Altintas Y, Gungor K, Gao Y, Sak M, Quliyeva U, Bappi G, Mutlugun E, Sargent EH, Demir HV. Giant Alloyed Hot Injection Shells Enable Ultralow Optical Gain Threshold in Colloidal Quantum Wells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10662-10670. [PMID: 31436957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As an attractive materials system for high-performance optoelectronics, colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) benefit from atomic-level precision in thickness, minimizing emission inhomogeneous broadening. Much progress has been made to enhance their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and photostability. However, to date, layer-by-layer growth of shells at room temperature has resulted in defects that limit PLQY and thus curtail the performance of NPLs as an optical gain medium. Here, we introduce a hot-injection method growing giant alloyed shells using an approach that reduces core/shell lattice mismatch and suppresses Auger recombination. Near-unity PLQY is achieved with a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (20 nm), accompanied by emission tunability (from 610 to 650 nm). The biexciton lifetime exceeds 1 ns, an order of magnitude longer than in conventional colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). Reduced Auger recombination enables record-low amplified spontaneous emission threshold of 2.4 μJ cm-2 under one-photon pumping. This is lower by a factor of 2.5 than the best previously reported value in nanocrystals (6 μJ cm-2 for CdSe/CdS NPLs). Here, we also report single-mode lasing operation with a 0.55 mJ cm-2 threshold under two-photoexcitation, which is also the best among nanocrystals (compared to 0.76 mJ cm-2 from CdSe/CdS CQDs in the Fabry-Pérot cavity). These findings indicate that hot-injection growth of thick alloyed shells makes ultrahigh performance NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering , Abdullah Gül University , Kayseri TR-38080 , Turkey
| | - Kivanc Gungor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mustafa Sak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Ulviyya Quliyeva
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Golam Bappi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Evren Mutlugun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering , Abdullah Gül University , Kayseri TR-38080 , Turkey
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road , Toronto , ON M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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23
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Yang G, Zhong H. Multi‐Dimensional Quantum Nanostructures with Polarization Properties for Display Applications. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoling Yang
- Department of Physics of Complex SystemsWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic SystemsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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24
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Das S, Dutta A, Bera R, Patra A. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in 2D-2D hybrid structures of functionalized GO and CdSe nanoplatelets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15568-15575. [PMID: 31265037 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to designing graphene based 2D hybrid nanostructures for their potential applications in various areas from healthcare to energy harvesting. Herein, we have prepared 2D-2D hybrid structures of 2D CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) with thiol (-SH) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G-Ph-SH). Microscopic and spectroscopic studies reveal that the G-Ph-SH surface is successfully decorated by CdSe NPLs through a thiophenol (-SH) linker. The significant photoluminescence quenching (65%) and the shortening of decay time from 1 ns to 0.4 ns of CdSe NPLs are observed after adding 100 μg of G-Ph-SH. Furthermore, the femto-second transient absorption spectroscopic (fs-TAS) study reveals that the growth time of CdSe NPLs in the composite is reduced to 0.4 ps from 0.8 ps due to faster hot electron cooling. A faster component of 1.4 ps in the kinetic parameters of the composite system further suggests that the ultrafast electron transfer occurs from the conduction band of CdSe NPLs to surface functionalized reduced graphene oxide. This type of 2D-2D hybrid structure may open up new possibilities in light harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Das
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Avisek Dutta
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Rajesh Bera
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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