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Gelli R, Tonelli M, Ridi F, Terefinko D, Dzimitrowicz A, Pohl P, Bielawska-Pohl A, Jamroz P, Klimczak A, Bonini M. Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatments on Magnesium Phosphate Cements: Performance, Characterization, and Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6632-6643. [PMID: 37982239 PMCID: PMC10716815 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatments are nowadays gaining importance to improve the performance of biomaterials in the orthopedic field. Among those, magnesium phosphate-based cements (MPCs) have recently shown attractive features as bone repair materials. The effect of plasma treatments on such cements, which has not been investigated so far, could represent an innovative strategy to modify MPCs' physicochemical properties and to tune their interaction with cells. MPCs were prepared and treated for 5, 7.5, and 10 min with a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The reactive nitrogen and oxygen species formed during the treatment were characterized. The surfaces of MPCs were studied in terms of the phase composition, morphology, and topography. After a preliminary test in simulated body fluid, the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal cells on MPCs were assessed. Plasma treatments induce modifications in the relative amounts of struvite, newberyite, and farringtonite on the surfaces on MPCs in a time-dependent fashion. Nonetheless, all investigated scaffolds show a good biocompatibility and cell adhesion, also supporting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gelli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Tonelli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Dominik Terefinko
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dzimitrowicz
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl
- Hirszfeld
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of
Sciences, The Laboratory of Biology of Stem
and Neoplastic Cells, 12 R. Weigla, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jamroz
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Hirszfeld
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of
Sciences, The Laboratory of Biology of Stem
and Neoplastic Cells, 12 R. Weigla, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Eren E, Karabulut YY, Eren M, Kadir S. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and micromorphology of human kidney stones (urolithiasis) from Mersin, the southern Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01525-8. [PMID: 36934357 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the primary characteristics of the selected kidney stones surgically removed from the patients at the Mersin University Hospital in the southern Turkey and interprets their formation via petrographic, geochemical, XRD, SEM-EDX, and ICP-MS/OES analyses. The analytical results revealed that the kidney stones are composed of the minerals whewellite, struvite, hydroxyapatite, and uric acid alone or in different combinations. The samples occur in staghorn, bean-shaped composite, and individual rounded particle shapes, which are controlled by the shape of the nucleus and the site of stone formation. The cross-section of the samples shows concentric growth layers due to variations in saturation, characterizing the metastable phase. Kidney stone formation includes two main stages: (i) nucleation and (ii) aggregation and/or growth. Nucleation was either Randall plaque of hydroxyapatite in tissue on the surface of the papilla or a coating of whewellite on the plaque, or crystallization as free particles in the urine. Subsequently, aggregation or growth occurs by precipitation of stone-forming materials around the plaque or coating carried into the urine, or around the nucleus formed in situ in the urine. Urinary supersaturation is the main driving force of crystallization processes; and is controlled by many factors including bacterially induced supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Faculty of Medicine, San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Muhsin Eren
- Department of Geological Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Kadir
- Department of Geological Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Karafiludis S, Buzanich AG, Heinekamp C, Zimathies A, Smales GJ, Hodoroaba VD, Ten Elshof JE, Emmerling F, Stawski TM. Template-free synthesis of mesoporous and amorphous transition metal phosphate materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3952-3966. [PMID: 36723216 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present how mesoporosity can be engineered in transition metal phosphate (TMPs) materials in a template-free manner. The method involves the transformation of a precursor metal phosphate phase, called M-struvite (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, NixCo1-x2+). It relies on the thermal decomposition of crystalline M-struvite precursors to an amorphous and simultaneously mesoporous phase, which forms during degassing of NH3 and H2O. The temporal evolution of mesoporous frameworks and the response of the metal coordination environment were followed by in situ and ex situ scattering and diffraction, as well as X-ray spectroscopy. Despite sharing the same precursor struvite structure, different amorphous and mesoporous structures were obtained depending on the involved transition metal. We highlight the systematic differences in absolute surface area, pore shape, pore size, and phase transitions depending on the metal cation present in the analogous M-struvites. The amorphous structures of thermally decomposed Mg-, Ni- and NixCo1-x-struvites exhibit high surface areas and pore volumes (240 m2 g-1 and 0.32 cm-3 g-1 for Mg and 90 m2 g-1 and 0.13 cm-3 g-1 for Ni). We propose that the low-cost, environmentally friendly M-struvites could be obtained as recycling products from industrial and agricultural wastewaters. These waste products could be then upcycled into mesoporous TMPs through a simple thermal treatment for further application, for instance in (electro)catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanos Karafiludis
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Heinekamp
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Zimathies
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Glen J Smales
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johan E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz M Stawski
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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Oral Delivery of Niclosamide as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion That Generates Amorphous Nanoparticles during Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122568. [PMID: 36559062 PMCID: PMC9785291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic that is being studied in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic and broad-spectrum antiviral. Additionally, several other applications are currently in the preclinical stage. Unfortunately, niclosamide is a poorly water soluble molecule, with reduced oral bioavailability, which hinders its use for new indications. Moreover, niclosamide is a poor glass former; in other words, the molecule has a high tendency to recrystallize, and it is virtually impossible to generate a stable amorphous solid employing the neat molecule. Previously, our group reported the development of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of niclosamide (niclosamide ASD) that generates nanoparticles during its dissolution, not only increasing niclosamide's apparent solubility from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 481.7 ± 22.2 µg/mL in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) but also its oral bioavailability 2.6-fold in Sprague-Dawley rats after being administered as a suspension. Nevertheless, niclosamide ASD undergoes recrystallization in acidic media, and an enteric oral dosage form is needed for its translation into the clinic. In this work, we further characterized the nanoparticles that generated during the dissolution of the niclosamide ASD. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the nanoparticles were amorphous and had a particle size of ~150 nm. The oral dosage forms of niclosamide ASD were formulated using commercial enteric capsules (Capsuline® and EudracapTM) and as enteric-coated tablets. The enteric dosage forms were tested using pH-shift dissolution and acid-uptake tests, using the USP type II dissolution apparatus and the disintegration apparatus, respectively. The capsules exhibited a higher percentage of weight gain, and visual rupture of the Capsuline capsules was observed. Eudracap capsules protected the formulation from the acidic media, but polymer gelling and the formation of a nondispersible plug were noted during dissolution testing. In contrast, enteric-coated tablets protected the formulation from acid ingress and maintained the performance of niclosamide ASD granules during dissolution in FaSSIF media. These enteric-coated tablets were administered to beagle dogs at a niclosamide dose of 75 mg/kg, resulting in plasma concentrations of niclosamide higher than those reported in the literature using solubilized niclosamide at a higher dose (i.e., 100 mg/kg). In summary, an enteric oral dosage form of niclosamide ASD was formulated without hindering the generation of nanoparticles while maintaining the increase in the niclosamide's apparent solubility. The enteric-coated tablets successfully increased the niclosamide plasma levels in dogs when compared to a niclosamide solution prepared using organic solvents.
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Gu X, Li Y, Qi C, Cai K. Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2097-2112. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an essential element, magnesium is involved in a variety of physiological processes. Magnesium is the second most abundant cation in cells and the fourth most abundant cation in living...
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Zhang P, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li W, Wei C, Zhang P, Miao S. Fabrication of Pd/Mg 2 P 2 O 7 via a Struvite-Template Way from Wastewater and Application as Chemoselective Catalyst in Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10666-10676. [PMID: 34009699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst Pd/Mg2 P2 O7 was fabricated by combining palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and mesoporous Mg2 P2 O7 fibers/rods. Mg2 P2 O7 fibers with ultra-high specific surface area were prepared from struvite as templates, which were synthesized from waste water containing N- and P-containing pollutants. This strategy provided a novel pathway for developing advanced catalysts from eutrophication-polluted water. The composite Pd/Mg2 P2 O7 showed brilliant performance in selective hydrogenation of nitro aromatics to give anilines. As an example of nitrobenzene hydrogenation, the conversion to aniline and selectivity were found to reach almost 100 % at a temperature of T=90 °C and under a pressure of P H 2 =2.0 MPa. The superior performance was found to originate from PdNPs, which were boosted by electron transfer afforded by the nanofiber Mg2 P2 O7 supports. The favorable adsorption of withdrawing groups (-NO2 ) was realized by synergistic effects between Pd and oxygen vacancies provided by pyrolysis of struvite. The catalyst remained stable after cycles of reuse with little degradation in catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shaonan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Cundi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Peiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Gradual Replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ Ions in Brushite for the Production of Ca1−xMgxHPO4·nH2O Materials. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove beneficial for the production of Ca1−xMgxHPO4·nH2O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH2PO4·2H2O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH4MgPO4·6H2O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.
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Shaddel S, Grini T, Andreassen JP, Østerhus SW, Ucar S. Crystallization kinetics and growth of struvite crystals by seawater versus magnesium chloride as magnesium source: towards enhancing sustainability and economics of struvite crystallization. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:126968. [PMID: 32428738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of nutrients from wastewater and their recovery in the form of valuable products is an effective strategy to accelerate the circular economy concept. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is one of the most applied techniques to compensate for the increasing demand and to slow down the depletion rate of phosphate rocks. Using low-cost magnesium sources, such as seawater, improves the financial sustainability of struvite production. In this study, the potential of seawater for struvite crystallization versus the commonly used magnesium source, MgCl2, was tested by crystal growth and kinetic experiments. The impact of ammonium concentration, magnesium concentration and pH on the growth kinetics of struvite in synthetic and real reject water were studied. The results showed that simultaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate was insignificant when using seawater, while presence of struvite seeds diminished it further. Among the supersaturation regulators, pH had the most significant effect on the struvite growth with both MgCl2 and seawater, while high N:P molar ratios further improved the struvite crystal growth by seawater. The N:P molar ratios higher than 6 and Mg:P molar ratios higher than 0.2 are recommended to improve the crystal growth kinetics. It was concluded that seawater is a promising alternative magnesium source and the control of supersaturation regulators (i.e., Mg:P, N:P and pH) is an effective strategy to control the reaction kinetics and product properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shaddel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tonje Grini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens-Petter Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein W Østerhus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seniz Ucar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Shalini S, Frank DS, Aldoukhi AH, Majdalany SE, Roberts WW, Ghani KR, Matzger AJ. Assessing the Role of Light Absorption in Laser Lithotripsy by Isotopic Substitution of Kidney Stone Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5274-5280. [PMID: 33455276 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the chemical characteristics of kidney stones and how the stone composition affects their fragmentation is key to improving clinical laser lithotripsy. During laser lithotripsy, two mechanisms may be responsible for stone fragmentation: a photothermal mechanism and/or microexplosion mechanism. Herein, we carry out an isotopic substitution of crystal H2O with D2O in calcium oxalate monohydrate and struvite stones to alter their optical properties to study the relationship between the absorption of the stones, at the wavelength of the Ho:YAG (2.12 μm) laser, and the fragmentation behavior. Changing the absorption of the stones at 2.12 μm changes the extent of fragmentation, whereas changing the absorption of the bulk medium has a negligible effect on fragmentation, leading to the conclusion that kidney stone ablation is dominated by a photothermal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorout Shalini
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Derek S Frank
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ali H Aldoukhi
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sami E Majdalany
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William W Roberts
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Khurshid R Ghani
- Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam J Matzger
- Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Zhao H, Yuan Z. Insights into Transition Metal Phosphate Materials for Efficient Electrocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Yong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 3000350 P. R. China
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Soltani S, Khanian N, Rashid U, Yaw Choong TS. Fundamentals and recent progress relating to the fabrication, functionalization and characterization of mesostructured materials using diverse synthetic methodologies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16431-16456. [PMID: 35517916 PMCID: PMC9057695 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1990 and the invention of the very first generation of ordered mesoporous silica materials, several innovative methodologies have been applied to synthesize, characterize, and modify silica/non-silica mesoporous materials. The growth of the mesoporous materials field has generated significant environmental and economic advantages compared to various other industrial developments. According to the literature, there are several key synthesis approaches and parameters that can affect the structural, textural and morphological characteristics of mesoporous materials. To date, huge attempts have been made to maximize the activities and selectivities of these materials through either the in situ or post-synthesis functionalization of the large interior surface areas and internal mesostructured frameworks in the presence of specific organic/inorganic components. However, the main challenge is to provide good control over the incorporation and distribution of multiple guest components within the mesostructured hosts. Mesostructured materials have received great attention for various applications, such as being used in electronics, medicine, photocatalysis, catalyst supports, catalysis, absorbers, sensors, gas separation, etc. In the current paper, several recent developments have been highlighted and reviewed regarding the fabrication and characterization of siliceous/non-siliceous mesoporous materials via various synthetic approaches. Furthermore, the availability of diverse functionalization methods has been reviewed to provide comprehensive approaches for synthesizing new generations of suitably modified mesoporous materials with superior structural, physicochemical, and textural characteristics. Since 1990 and the invention of the very first generation of ordered mesoporous silica materials, several innovative methodologies have been applied to synthesize, characterize, and modify silica/non-silica mesoporous materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Soltani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 Selangor
- Malaysia
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 Selangor
- Malaysia
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12
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Abstract
The controlled crystallisation of struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O) is a viable means for the recovery and recycling of phosphorus (P) from municipal and industrial wastewaters. However, an efficient implementation of this recovery method in water treatment systems requires a fundamental understanding of struvite crystallisation mechanisms, including the behavior and effect of metal contaminants during struvite precipitation. Here, we studied the crystallisation pathways of struvite from aqueous solutions using a combination of ex situ and in situ time-resolved synthesis and characterization techniques, including synchrotron-based small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Struvite syntheses were performed both in the pure Mg-NH4-PO4 system as well as in the presence of cobalt (Co), which, among other metals, is typically present in waste streams targeted for P-recovery. Our results show that in the pure system and at Co concentrations < 0.5 mM, struvite crystals nucleate and grow directly from solution, much in accordance with the classical notion of crystal formation. In contrast, at Co concentrations ≥ 1 mM, crystallisation was preceded by the transient formation of an amorphous nanoparticulate phosphate phase. Depending on the aqueous Co/P ratio, this amorphous precursor was found to transform into either (i) Co-bearing struvite (at Co/P < 0.3) or (ii) cobalt phosphate octahydrate (at Co/P > 0.3). These amorphous-to-crystalline transformations were accompanied by a marked colour change from blue to pink, indicating a change in Co2+ coordination in the formed solid from tetrahedral to octahedral. Our findings have implications for the recovery of nutrients and metals during struvite crystallisation and contribute to the ongoing general discussion about the mechanisms of crystal formation.
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