1
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Romero IE, Barata-Vallejo S, Bonesi SM, Postigo A. Perfluoroalkylation of Triarylamines by EDA Complexes and Ulterior Sensitized [6π]-Electrocyclization to Perfluoroalkylated Endo-Carbazoles. Mechanistic and Photophysical Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400905. [PMID: 38536766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Blue LEDs-irradiation of a mixture of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) - Electron Donor Acceptor (EDA)-complex - in the presence of triphenylamines (TPAs) in an aqueous solvent mixture afforded mono-perfluoroalkylated triphenylamines (RF-TPA) in good yields. These RF-TPA were further subjected to acetone-sensitized [6π]-electrocyclization at 315 nm-irradiation affording exclusively perfluoroalkylated endo-carbazole derivatives (RF-CBz) in quantitative yields. Mechanistic studies and photophysical properties of products are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina
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2
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Hyeon Ka C, Kim S, Jin Cho E. Visible Light-Induced Metal-Free Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300036. [PMID: 36942971 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylation is a crucial synthetic process that enables the modification of molecules with fluoroalkyl groups, which can enhance the properties of compounds and have potential applications in medicine and materials science. The utilization of visible light-induced, metal-free methods is of particular importance as it provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods and eliminates the potential risks associated with metal-catalyst toxicity. This Account describes our studies on visible light-induced, metal-free fluoroalkylation processes, which include the use of organic photocatalysts or EDA complexes. We have utilized organophotocatalysts such as Nile red, tri(9-anthryl)borane, and an indole-based tetracyclic complex, as well as catalyst-free EDA chemistry through photoactive halogen bond formation or an unconventional transient ternary complex formation with nucleophilic fluoroalkyl source. A variety of π-systems including arenes/heteroarenes, alkenes, and alkynes have been successfully fluoroalkylated under the developed reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hyeon Ka
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zasada A, Brześkiewicz J, Antoniak D, Bechcicka M, Loska R, Mąkosza M. Synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:994-999. [PMID: 36515404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic nature of quinoxaline has been explored in the vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen with various carbanions as nucleophiles in an attempt to develop a general method for functionalizing the heterocyclic ring. Only poorly stabilized nitrile carbanions were found to give the VNS products. 2-Chloroquinoxaline gave products of SNAr of chlorine preferentially. A variety of quinoxaline derivatives containing cyanoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, benzyl or ester substituents, including fluorinated ones, have been prepared in the VNS reactions with quinoxaline N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zasada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Antoniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bechcicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mieczysław Mąkosza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Oudeyer S, Levacher V, Beucher H, Brière JF. Recent Advances in Catalytic and Technology-Driven Radical Addition to N, N-Disubstituted Iminium Species. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031071. [PMID: 36770738 PMCID: PMC9921492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, radical chemistry has grown exponentially in the toolbox of organic synthetic chemists. Upon the (re)introduction of modern catalytic and technology-driven strategies, the implementation of highly reactive radical species is currently facilitated while expanding the scope of numerous synthetic methodologies. In this context, this review intends to cover the recent advances in radical-based transformations of N,N-disubstituted iminium substrates that encompass unique reactivities with respect to imines or protonated iminium salts. In particular, we have focused on the literature concerning the dipole type substrates, such as nitrones or azomethine imines, together with the chemistry of N+-X- (X = O, NR) azaarenium dipoles, which proved to be very versatile platforms in that field of research. The N-alkylazaarenium salts were been considered, which demonstrated specific reactivity profiles in radical chemistry.
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5
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Gong H, Wang J, Peng Y, Chen H, Deng H, Hao J, Wan W. Photocatalyzed difluoroalkylation of pyridine N-oxides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Laboratory of Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Tomar R, Kumar A, Dalal A, Bhattacharya D, Singh P, Arulananda Babu S. Expanding the utility of inexpensive pyridine‐N‐oxide directing group for the site‐selective sp2/sp3γ‐C‐H and sp2δ‐C‐H functionalization of carboxamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Tomar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Arup Dalal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | | | - Prabhakar Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Department of Chemical Sciences Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar,Mohali, Manauli P.O., 140306 Mohali INDIA
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7
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Singh J, Patel RI, Sharma A. Visible‐Light‐Mediated C‐2 Functionalization and Deoxygenative Strategies in Heterocyclic
N
‐Oxides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Roshan I. Patel
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India
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8
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Yerien DE, Barata-Vallejo S, Mansilla D, Postigo A. Rose Bengal-photocatalyzed perfluorohexylation reactions of organic substrates in water. Applications to late-stage syntheses. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:803-812. [PMID: 35083730 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Rose Bengal-photocatalyzed perfluorohexylation of olefins, alkynes, and electron-rich aromatic compounds in water was achieved employing perfluorohexyl iodide as fluoroalkyl source and TMEDA as sacrificial donor under green LED irradiation. Alkenes and alkynes rendered products derived from the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) pathway, and in the case of alkynes, exclusively as E-stereoisomers. These are the first examples of photocatalyzed ATRA reactions carried out excursively in water alone. The reactions of aromatic compounds under the current protocol in water present the advantage of employing a perfluoroalkyl iodide (C6F13-I) as source of perfluorohexyl radicals. Examples of photocatalytic late-stage incorporations of fluoroalkyl moieties into two commercial drugs of widespread use are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Mansilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Li J, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Zeng G, Liu T, Huang C. Highly Selective Synthesis of ( Z)- N-vinyl Ring N, O-Acetal Derivatives by Multi-component Continuous Flow. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Beller M, Fischer F, Locher A, Neumann H, Taeschler C, Ye F, Zhang S. Recent Developments and Aspects of Industrial Fluoroalkylation. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:923-935. [PMID: 34798914 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroalkylations have received increasing attention in the academic and industrial environment due to the particular properties of the active ingredients that are strongly influenced by fluoroalkyl substituents. The inherent difficulties of introducing a fluoroalkyl substituent into advanced intermediates has triggered the development of an enormous number of specialized reagents, which, however, are often not suitable for large scale applications. In contrast to this reagent based fluoroalkylation approach, the direct activation of industrially readily available fluoroalkyl halides could be more suitable for a large-scale process. In this way the dithionite initiated fluoroalkylation as well as newly developed catalytically activated fluoroalkylation protocols were considered for industrial large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Florian Fischer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | | | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | | | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
| | - Shaoke Zhang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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11
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Mora Flores EW, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals towards the stereoselective synthesis of α-1-fluoroalkyl- C-glycosyl derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8724-8734. [PMID: 33089846 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A benign, efficient, regio- and stereoselective protocol for the syntheses of α-1-fluoroalkyl-C-glycosyl compounds bearing CF3, C4F9, and C6F13 substituents on the anomeric carbon has been developed by a new methodology starting from 2-acetoxyglycals for the first time. Remarkably, the reactions proceeded in only one step, through the visible light-photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals by means of an Ir photocatalyst and employed commercially available fluoroalkyl iodides n-CnF2n+1-I (n = 1, 4, 6) as a source of fluoroalkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Mora Flores
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG Buenos Aires, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Yerien DE, Cooke MV, García Vior MC, Barata-Vallejo S, Postigo A. Radical fluoroalkylation reactions of (hetero)arenes and sulfides under red light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3741-3746. [PMID: 30920572 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00486f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylation reactions of (hetero)aromatics have been accomplished through the low-power illumination from red LEDs (λmax = 635 nm) of commercially available perfluoroalkyl iodides RF-I and phthalocyanine zinc salt as photocatalyst in MeCN : DMF solvent mixture. This methodology has been extended to the perfluorobutylation of sulfides. As far as we are concerned, this is the first report on a perfluoroalkylation reaction of (hetero)aromatics and sulfides under red-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Yerien
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 956, CP 1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Jiang Y, Dou G, Zhang L, Xu K, Little RD, Zeng C. Electrochemical Cross‐Coupling of C(
sp
2
)−H with Aryldiazonium Salts via a Paired Electrolysis: an Alternative to Visible Light Photoredox‐Based Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐ye Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & BioengineeringBeijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui‐yuan Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & BioengineeringBeijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Luo‐sha Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & BioengineeringBeijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & BioengineeringBeijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - R. Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106–9510 USA
| | - Cheng‐chu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & BioengineeringBeijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
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14
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Sharma S, Sharma A. Recent advances in photocatalytic manipulations of Rose Bengal in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4384-4405. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in photocatalytic manipulations of Rose Bengal in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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15
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Zhao Y, Xia W. Photochemical C–H bond coupling for (hetero)aryl C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond construction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4951-4963. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in photochemical (hetero)aryl C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond construction via C–H bond coupling such as (hetero)arylation of C(sp3)–H bonds and alkylation of (hetero)aryl C(sp2)–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Quzhou University
- China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Science
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Guangzhou
- China
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