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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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Dilenko H, Bartoň Tománková K, Válková L, Hošíková B, Kolaříková M, Malina L, Bajgar R, Kolářová H. Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5637-5680. [PMID: 38882538 PMCID: PMC11179671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology products such as graphene and its derivatives. Graphene-based materials have large surface area and photothermal effects thereby making them suitable candidates for PDT or photo-active drug carriers. The remarkable photophysical properties of graphene derivates facilitate the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, which destroys cancer cells. Surface functionalization of graphene and its materials can also enhance their biocompatibility and anticancer activity. The paper delves into the distinct roles played by graphene-based materials in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS) and drug carriers while at the same time considers how these materials could be used to circumvent cancer resistance. This will provide readers with an extensive discussion of various pathways contributing to PDT inefficiency. Consequently, this comprehensive review underscores the vital roles that graphene and its derivatives may play in emerging PDT strategies for cancer treatment and other medical purposes. With a better comprehension of the current state of research and the existing challenges, the integration of graphene-based materials in PDT holds great promise for developing targeted, effective, and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Válková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hošíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kolaříková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Borisenkova AA, Bolshakova OI, Titova AV, Ryabokon IS, Markova MA, Lyutova ZB, Sedov VP, Varfolomeeva EY, Bakhmetyev VV, Arutyunyan AV, Burdakov VS, Sarantseva SV. Fullerene C 60 Conjugate with Folic Acid and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Targeted Delivery to Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5350. [PMID: 38791388 PMCID: PMC11120752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted drug delivery systems, including those based on selective absorption by certain receptors on the surface of the target cell, can lead to a decrease in the minimum effective dose and the accompanying toxicity of the drug, as well as an increase in therapeutic efficacy. A fullerene C60 conjugate (FA-PVP-C60) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a biocompatible spacer and folic acid (FA) as a targeting ligand for tumor cells with increased expression of folate receptors (FR) was obtained. Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrometry, fluorometry and thermal analysis, the formation of the conjugate was confirmed and the nature of the binding of its components was established. The average particle sizes of the conjugate in aqueous solutions and cell culture medium were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The FA-PVP-C60 showed antiradical activity against •DPPH, •OH and O2•-, but at the same time, it was shown to generate 1O2. It was found that the conjugate in the studied concentration range (up to 200 μg/mL) is non-toxic in vitro and does not affect the cell cycle. To confirm the ability of the conjugate to selectively accumulate through folate-mediated endocytosis, its uptake into cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. It was shown that the conjugate is less absorbed by A549 cells with low FR expression than by HeLa, which has a high level of expression of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Borisenkova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Olga I. Bolshakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Anna V. Titova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Irina S. Ryabokon
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Maria A. Markova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Zhanna B. Lyutova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Victor P. Sedov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Yu. Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Bakhmetyev
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Arutyunyan
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
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Bai X, Dong C, Shao X, Rahman FU, Hao H, Zhang Y. Research progress of fullerenes and their derivatives in the field of PDT. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116398. [PMID: 38614061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary studies, the predominant utilization of C60 derivatives pertains to their role as photosensitizers or agents that scavenge free radicals. The intriguing coexistence of these divergent functionalities has prompted extensive investigation into water-soluble fullerenes. The photodynamic properties of these compounds find practical applications in DNA cleavage, antitumor interventions, and antibacterial endeavors. Consequently, photodynamic therapy is progressively emerging as a pivotal therapeutic modality within the biomedical domain, owing to its notable levels of safety and efficacy. The essential components of photodynamic therapy encompass light of the suitable wavelength, oxygen, and a photosensitizer, wherein the reactive oxygen species generated by the photosensitizer play a pivotal role in the therapeutic mechanism. The remarkable ability of fullerenes to generate singlet oxygen has garnered significant attention from scholars worldwide. Nevertheless, the limited permeability of fullerenes across cell membranes owing to their low water solubility necessitates their modification to enhance their efficacy and utilization. This paper reviews the applications of fullerene derivatives as photosensitizers in antitumor and antibacterial fields for the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Chungeng Dong
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xinle Shao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France; Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
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Ma Y, Persi L, Yamakoshi Y. Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble C 60-peptide conjugates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:777-786. [PMID: 38633915 PMCID: PMC11022410 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With the aim of developing biocompatible and water-soluble C60 derivatives, three types of C60-peptide conjugates consisting of hydrophilic oligopeptide anchors (oligo-Lys, oligo-Glu, and oligo-Arg) were synthesized. A previously reported Prato reaction adduct of a biscarboxylic acid-substituted C60 derivative was subjected to a solid phase synthesis for amide formation with N-terminal amines of peptides on resin to successfully provide C60-peptide conjugates with one C60 and two peptide anchors as water-soluble moieties. Among three C60-peptide conjugates prepared, C60-oligo-Lys was soluble in water at neutral pH, and C60-oligo-Glu was soluble in buffer with a higher pH value, but C60-oligo-Arg was insoluble in water and most other solvents. C60-oligo-Lys and C60-oligo-Glu were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Photoinduced 1O2 generation was observed in the most soluble C60-oligo-Lys conjugate under visible light irradiation (527 nm) to show the potential of this highly water-soluble molecule in biological systems, for example, as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Persi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yoko Yamakoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hynek J, Payne DT, Shrestha LK, Chahal MK, Ma R, Dong J, Ariga K, Yamauchi Y, Hill JP. Mild selective photochemical oxidation of an organic sulfide using OxP-polyimide porous polymers as singlet oxygen generators. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2322458. [PMID: 38440402 PMCID: PMC10911228 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2322458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of porous organic polymers based on a singlet oxygen generating oxoporphyinogen ('OxP') has been successfully prepared from a pseudotetrahedral OxP-tetraamine precursor (OxP(4-NH2Bn)4) by its reaction with tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides under suitable conditions. Of the compounds studied, those containing naphthalene (OxP-N) and perylene (OxP-P) spacers, respectively, have large surface areas (~530 m2 g-1). On the other hand, the derivative with a simple benzene spacer (OxP-B) exhibits the best 1O2 generating capability. Although the starting OxP-tetraamine precursor is a poor 1O2 generator, its incorporation into OxP POPs leads to a significant enhancement of 1O2 productivity, which is largely due to the transformation of NH2 groups to electron-withdrawing diimides. Overall 1O2 production efficacy of OxP-POPs under irradiation by visible light is significantly improved over the common reference material PCN-222. All the materials OxP-B, OxP-N and OxP-P promote oxidation of thioanisole involving conversion of ambient triplet state oxygen to singlet oxygen under visible light irradiation and its reaction with the sulfide. Although the reaction rate of the oxidation promoted by OxP POPs is generally lower than for conventional materials (such as PCN-222) or previously studied OxP derivatives, undesired overoxidation of the substrate to methyl phenyl sulfone is suppressed. For organic sulfides, selectivity of oxidation is especially important for detoxification of mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) or similarly toxic compounds since controlled oxidation leads to the low toxicity bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfoxide while overoxidation leads to intoxification (since bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfone presents greater toxicity to humans than the sulfide substrate). Therefore, OxP POPs capable of promoting selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides have excellent potential to be used as mild and selective detoxification agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hynek
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Payne
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mandeep K. Chahal
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Renzhi Ma
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jiang Dong
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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Sasaki I, Brégier F, Chemin G, Daniel J, Couvez J, Chkair R, Vaultier M, Sol V, Blanchard-Desce M. Hydrophilic Biocompatible Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Biosourced Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38276734 PMCID: PMC10819872 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Most photosensitizers of interest for photodynamic therapy-especially porphyrinoids and chlorins-are hydrophobic. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of nanocarriers is an attractive strategy. In this perspective, we have developed highly water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) made from citric acid and diethyltriamine which are then activated by ethlynene diamine as nanoplatforms for efficient photosensitizers (PSs). Purpurin 18 (Pp18) was selected as a biosourced chlorin photosensitizer combining the efficient single oxygen generation ability and suitable absorption in the biological spectral window. The simple reaction of activated FONPs with Pp18, which contains a reactive anhydride ring, yielded nanoparticles containing both Pp18 and Cp6 derivatives. These functionalized nanoparticles combine solubility in water, high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield in aqueous media (0.72) and absorption both in the near UV region (FONPS) and in the visible region (Soret band approximately 420 nm as well as Q bands at 500 nm, 560 nm, 660 nm and 710 nm). The functionalized nanoparticles retain the blue fluorescence of FONPs when excited in the near UV region but also show deep-red or NIR fluorescence when excited in the visible absorption bands of the PSs (typically at 520 nm, 660 nm or 710 nm). Moreover, these nanoparticles behave as efficient photosensitizers inducing colorectal cancer cell (HCT116 and HT-29 cell lines) death upon illumination at 650 nm. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values down to, respectively, 0.04 and 0.13 nmol/mL were observed showing the potential of FONPs[Cp6] for the PDT treatment of cancer. In conclusion, we have shown that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles, which can be elaborated from biosourced components, both show deep-red emission upon excitation in the red region and are able to produce singlet oxygen with high efficiency in aqueous environments. Moreover, they show high PDT efficiency on colorectal cancer cells upon excitation in the deep red region. As such, these functional organic nanoparticles hold promise both for PDT treatment and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sasaki
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Chemin
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Jonathan Daniel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Justine Couvez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Rayan Chkair
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Michel Vaultier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
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Radivoievych A, Prylutska S, Zolk O, Ritter U, Frohme M, Grebinyk A. Comparison of Sonodynamic Treatment Set-Ups for Cancer Cells with Organic Sonosensitizers and Nanosonosensitizers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2616. [PMID: 38004594 PMCID: PMC10674572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is the therapeutic strategy of a high-frequency ultrasound (US) combined with a special sonosensitizer that becomes cytotoxic upon US exposure. The growing number of newly discovered sonosensitizers and custom US in vitro treatment solutions push the SDT field into a need for systemic studies and reproducible in vitro experimental set-ups. In the current research, we aimed to compare two of the most used and suitable SDT in vitro set-ups-"sealed well" and "transducer in well"-in one systematic study. We assessed US pressure, intensity, and temperature distribution in wells under US irradiation. Treatment efficacy was evaluated for both set-ups towards cancer cell lines of different origins, treated with two promising sonosensitizer candidates-carbon nanoparticle C60 fullerene (C60) and herbal alkaloid berberine. C60 was found to exhibit higher sonotoxicity toward cancer cells than berberine. The higher efficacy of sonodynamic treatment with a "transducer in well" set-up than a "sealed well" set-up underlined its promising application for SDT in vitro studies. The "transducer in well" set-up is recommended for in vitro US treatment investigations based on its US-field homogeneity and pronounced cellular effects. Moreover, SDT with C60 and berberine could be exploited as a promising combinative approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radivoievych
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Svitlana Prylutska
- Department of Plants Physiology, Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Heroyiv Oborony Str., 15, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Klinik Ruedersdorf, 15562 Ruedersdorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Grebinyk
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.)
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
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Biswas R, Batista Da Rocha C, Bennick RA, Zhang J. Water-Soluble Fullerene Monoderivatives for Biomedical Applications. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300296. [PMID: 37728195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Monoderivatives of fullerenes functionalized with hydrophilic groups make them water soluble, while preserving the hydrophobic fullerene cage. This class of molecules have intriguing biomedical applications, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), antiviral and antimicrobial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging abilities. In this Concept we discuss the synthesis and biomedical applications of water-soluble fullerene monoderivatives and their biological behavior based on their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohin Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cassiana Batista Da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryan A Bennick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Dinakaran D, Wilson BC. The use of nanomaterials in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for deep-seated tumors and synergy with radiotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250804. [PMID: 37849983 PMCID: PMC10577272 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been under development for at least 40 years. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy with limited toxicity concerns. PDT was expected to become a major new therapeutic option in treating localized cancer. However, despite a shifting focus in oncology to aggressive local therapies, PDT has not to date gained widespread acceptance as a standard-of-care option. A major factor is the technical challenge of treating deep-seated and large tumors, due to the limited penetration and variability of the activating light in tissue. Poor tumor selectivity of PDT sensitizers has been problematic for many applications. Attempts to mitigate these limitations with the use of multiple interstitial fiberoptic catheters to deliver the light, new generations of photosensitizer with longer-wavelength activation, oxygen independence and better tumor specificity, as well as improved dosimetry and treatment planning are starting to show encouraging results. Nanomaterials used either as photosensitizers per se or to improve delivery of molecular photosensitizers is an emerging area of research. PDT can also benefit radiotherapy patients due to its complementary and potentially synergistic mechanisms-of-action, ability to treat radioresistant tumors and upregulation of anti-tumoral immune effects. Furthermore, recent advances may allow ionizing radiation energy, including high-energy X-rays, to replace external light sources, opening a novel therapeutic strategy (radioPDT), which is facilitated by novel nanomaterials. This may provide the best of both worlds by combining the precise targeting and treatment depth/volume capabilities of radiation therapy with the high therapeutic index and biological advantages of PDT, without increasing toxicities. Achieving this, however, will require novel agents, primarily developed with nanomaterials. This is under active investigation by many research groups using different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Dinakaran
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Di Sante M, Kaltenbrunner A, Lombardo M, Danielli A, Costantini PE, Di Giosia M, Calvaresi M. Putting a "C 60 Ball" and Chain to Chlorin e6 Improves Its Cellular Uptake and Photodynamic Performances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1329. [PMID: 37765138 PMCID: PMC10538216 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and fullerene (C60) are among the most used photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Through the combination of the chemical and photophysical properties of Ce6 and C60, in principle, we can obtain an "ideal" photosensitizer that is able to bypass the limitations of the two molecules alone, i.e., the low cellular uptake of Ce6 and the scarce solubility and absorption in the red region of the C60. Here, we synthesized and characterized a Ce6-C60 dyad. The UV-Vis spectrum of the dyad showed the typical absorption bands of both fullerene and Ce6, while a quenching of Ce6 fluorescence was observed. This behavior is typical in the formation of a fullerene-antenna system and is due to the intramolecular energy, or electron transfer from the antenna (Ce6) to the fullerene. Consequently, the Ce6-C60 dyad showed an enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flow cytometry measurements demonstrated how the uptake of the Ce6 was strongly improved by the conjugation with C60. The Ce6-C60 dyad exhibited in A431 cancer cells low dark toxicity and a higher PDT efficacy than Ce6 alone, due to the enhancement of the uptake and the improvement of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Di Sante
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Alena Kaltenbrunner
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.S.); (M.L.)
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12
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Bolshakova O, Lebedev V, Mikhailova E, Zherebyateva O, Aznabaeva L, Burdakov V, Kulvelis Y, Yevlampieva N, Mironov A, Miroshnichenko I, Sarantseva S. Fullerenes on a Nanodiamond Platform Demonstrate Antibacterial Activity with Low Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1984. [PMID: 37514170 PMCID: PMC10383838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties, such as fullerenes, can be distinguished among the promising means of combating pathogens characterized by resistance to commercial antibiotics. However, they have a number of limitations for their use in medicine. In particular, the insolubility of carbon nanoparticles in water leads to a low biocompatibility and especially strong aggregation when transferred to liquid media. To overcome the negative factors and enhance the action of fullerenes in an extended range of applications, for example, in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, we created new water-soluble complexes containing, in addition to C60 fullerene, purified detonation nanodiamonds (AC960) and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The in vitro antibacterial activity and toxicity to human cells of the three-component complex C60+AC960+PVP were analyzed in comparison with binary C60+PVP and C60+AC960. All complexes showed a low toxicity to cultured human skin fibroblasts and ECV lines, as well as significant antimicrobial activity, which depend on the type of microorganisms exposed, the chemical composition of the complex, its dosage and exposure time. Complex C60+PVP+AC960 at a concentration of 175 µg/mL showed the most stable and pronounced inhibitory microbicidal/microbiostatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bolshakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vasily Lebedev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhailova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University (OrSMU), 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Olga Zherebyateva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University (OrSMU), 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Liliya Aznabaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University (OrSMU), 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Yuri Kulvelis
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Natalia Yevlampieva
- Physical Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Mironov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Miroshnichenko
- Department of Normal Physiology, Faculty of General Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University (OrSMU), 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
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13
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Jovanović S, Marković Z, Budimir M, Prekodravac J, Zmejkoski D, Kepić D, Bonasera A, Marković BT. Lights and Dots toward Therapy-Carbon-Based Quantum Dots as New Agents for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041170. [PMID: 37111655 PMCID: PMC10145889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The large number of deaths induced by carcinoma and infections indicates that the need for new, better, targeted therapy is higher than ever. Apart from classical treatments and medication, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the possible approaches to cure these clinical conditions. This strategy offers several advantages, such as lower toxicity, selective treatment, faster recovery time, avoidance of systemic toxic effects, and others. Unfortunately, there is a small number of agents that are approved for usage in clinical PDT. Novel, efficient, biocompatible PDT agents are, thus, highly desired. One of the most promising candidates is represented by the broad family of carbon-based quantum dots, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). In this review paper, these new smart nanomaterials are discussed as potential PDT agents, detailing their toxicity in the dark, and when they are exposed to light, as well as their effects on carcinoma and bacterial cells. The photoinduced effects of carbon-based quantum dots on bacteria and viruses are particularly interesting, since dots usually generate several highly toxic reactive oxygen species under blue light. These species are acting as bombs on pathogen cells, causing various devastating and toxic effects on those targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Prekodravac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Kepić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Palermo Research Unit, Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Biljana Todorović Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Kumar S, Shukla MK, Sharma AK, Jayaprakash GK, Tonk RK, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K, Ahmed F, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar D. Metal-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites as promising frontier in cancer chemotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e253. [PMID: 37025253 PMCID: PMC10072971 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease associated with complex pathology and one of the most prevalent and leading reasons for mortality in the world. Current chemotherapy has challenges with cytotoxicity, selectivity, multidrug resistance, and the formation of stemlike cells. Nanomaterials (NMs) have unique properties that make them useful for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cancer research. NMs can be engineered to target cancer cells for early detection and can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy. Several of NMs can also be used for photothermal therapy to destroy cancer cells or enhance immune response to cancer by delivering immune-stimulating molecules to immune cells or modulating the tumor microenvironment. NMs are being modified to overcome issues, such as toxicity, lack of selectivity, increase drug capacity, and bioavailability, for a wide spectrum of cancer therapies. To improve targeted drug delivery using nano-carriers, noteworthy research is required. Several metal-based NMs have been studied with the expectation of finding a cure for cancer treatment. In this review, the current development and the potential of plant and metal-based NMs with their effects on size and shape have been discussed along with their more effective usage in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | | | | | - Rajiv K. Tonk
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiDelhiIndia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl‐HofufAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
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15
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Arshad MN, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asad M, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM, Braga AAC, Khan A, Alamry KA. Enhancing the Photovoltaic Properties via Incorporation of Selenophene Units in Organic Chromophores with A 2-π 2-A 1-π 1-A 2 Configuration: A DFT-Based Exploration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061508. [PMID: 36987288 PMCID: PMC10051165 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, polymer organic solar cells (POSCs) are widely utilized due to their significant application, such as low-cost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Therefore, we designed a series of photovoltaic materials (D1, D2, D3, D5 and D7) by the incorporation of selenophene units (n = 1-7) as π1-spacers by considering the importance of POSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were accomplished at MPW1PW91/6-311G (d, p) functional to explore the impact of additional selenophene units on the photovoltaic behavior of the above-mentioned compounds. A comparative analysis was conducted for designed compounds and reference compounds (D1). Reduction in energy gaps (∆E = 2.399 - 2.064 eV) with broader absorption wavelength (λmax = 655.480 - 728.376 nm) in chloroform along with larger charge transference rate was studied with the addition of selenophene units as compared to D1. A significantly higher exciton dissociation rate was studied as lower values of binding energy (Eb = 0.508 - 0.362 eV) were noted in derivatives than in the reference (Eb = 0.526 eV). Moreover, transition density matrix (TDM) and density of state (DOS) data also supported the efficient charge transition origination from HOMOs to LUMOs. Open circuit voltage (Voc) was also calculated for all the aforesaid compounds to check the efficiency, and significant results were seen (1.633-1.549 V). All the analyses supported our compounds as efficient POSCs materials with significant efficacy. These compounds might encourage the experimental researchers to synthesize them due to proficient photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Öztürk Gündüz E, Atajanov R, Gedik ME, Tanrıverdi Eçik E, Günaydın G, Okutan E. BODIPY-GO nanocomposites decorated with a biocompatible branched ethylene glycol moiety for targeted PDT. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5466-5477. [PMID: 36880343 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The properties of graphene oxide (GO) have received much attention and been applied to the exploration of potential applications in disease-related diagnostics and non-invasive therapy. One application, photodynamic therapy (PDT), involves the killing of cancer cells where singlet oxygen is generated with light irradiation of the appropriate wavelength. In this work, three new BODIPY derivatives (13-15), decorated with carbohydrate moieties for active targeting and branched ethylene glycol for biocompatibility, and their GO based nanocarriers were designed to study the singlet oxygen production and PDT efficiency. First, BODIPYs were prepared, followed by the fabrication of GO layers with BODIPY dyes via a non-covalent method. Detailed characterizations of the materials were carried out with mass spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopies, EDX analysis and TEM and AFM microscopies. The efficiency of singlet oxygen generation in organic and water-based solutions was determined by photobleaching with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA), respectively. The results in in vitro PDT analysis against K562 human cancer cells indicate the prepared materials are highly promising in PDT anticancer therapy and the IC50 values of GO loaded BODIPY derivatives bearing heavy atoms, GO-14 and GO-15, were calculated as 40.59 nM and 39.21 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Öztürk Gündüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - Rovshen Atajanov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Çankaya, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Esra Tanrıverdi Eçik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, 25010, Turkey
| | - Gürcan Günaydın
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Çankaya, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Elif Okutan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
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17
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Masoudi Asil S, Guerrero ED, Bugarini G, Cayme J, De Avila N, Garcia J, Hernandez A, Mecado J, Madero Y, Moncayo F, Olmos R, Perches D, Roman J, Salcido‐Padilla D, Sanchez E, Trejo C, Trevino P, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Theranostic applications of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Masoudi Asil
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Erick Damian Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Georgina Bugarini
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Joshua Cayme
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Nydia De Avila
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Jaime Garcia
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Julia Mecado
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Yazeneth Madero
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Frida Moncayo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Rosario Olmos
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - David Perches
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Jacob Roman
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Diana Salcido‐Padilla
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Efrain Sanchez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Christopher Trejo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Paulina Trevino
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
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18
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Martínez SR, Aiassa V, Santamarina SC, Domínguez RE, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Tuning the Molecular Structure of Corroles to Enhance the Antibacterial Photosensitizing Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020392. [PMID: 36839714 PMCID: PMC9959985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a serious threat to public health. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of micro-organisms is a reliable antimicrobial therapy to treat a broad spectrum of complex infections. The development of new photosensitizers with suitable properties is a key factor to consider in the optimization of this therapy. In this sense, four corroles were designed to study how the number of cationic centers can influence the efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic treatments. First, 5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (Co) and 5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)corrole (Co-CF3) were synthesized, and then derivatized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine, obtaining corroles Co-3NMe2 and Co-CF3-2NMe2, respectively. The straightforward synthetic strategy gave rise to macrocycles with different numbers of tertiary amines that can acquire positive charges in an aqueous medium by protonation at physiological pH. Spectroscopic and photodynamic studies demonstrated that their properties as chromophores and photosensitizers were unaffected, regardless of the substituent groups on the periphery. All tetrapyrrolic macrocycles were able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by both photodynamic mechanisms. Uptake experiments, the level of ROS produced in vitro, and PDI treatments mediated by these compounds were assessed against clinical strains: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro experiments indicated that the peripheral substitution significantly affected the uptake of the photosensitizers by microbes and, consequently, the photoinactivation performance. Co-3NMe2 was the most effective in killing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (inactivation > 99.99%). This work lays the foundations for the development of new corrole derivatives having pH-activable cationic groups and with plausible applications as effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Sol R. Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aiassa
- UNITEFA-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Sofía C. Santamarina
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E. Domínguez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- IDAS-CONCIET-UNRC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0358-4676-538
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Antibacterial nanophotosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: An update. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103493. [PMID: 36657636 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections constitute a major challenge of clinical medicine, particularly in specialties such as dermatology and dental medicine. Antiseptics and antibiotics are the main adjunctive therapies to anti-infective procedures in these specialties. However, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a novel and promising alternative to conventional antibacterial approaches. PDT relies on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a photosensitizer (PS) after activation by a specific light source. Nanotechnology was later introduced to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of PS during PDT. In this review, we describe the different nanoparticles (NPs) used in PDT and their properties. Recent in vivo data of NPs in antibacterial PDT in dermatology and dental medicine and their safety concerns are also reviewed.
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Lee SS, Paliouras M, Trifiro MA. Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles as Theranostic Agents and Their Future Clinical Utility in Oncology. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010108. [PMID: 36671680 PMCID: PMC9854994 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, research of nanoparticle applications in pre-clinical and clinical applications has greatly advanced our therapeutic and imaging approaches to many diseases, most notably neoplastic disorders. In particular, the innate properties of inorganic nanomaterials, such as gold and iron oxide, as well as carbon-based nanoparticles, have provided the greatest opportunities in cancer theranostics. Carbon nanoparticles can be used as carriers of biological agents to enhance the therapeutic index at a tumor site. Alternatively, they can also be combined with external stimuli, such as light, to induce irreversible physical damaging effects on cells. In this review, the recent advances in carbon nanoparticles and their use in cancer theranostics will be discussed. In addition, the set of evaluations that will be required during their transition from laboratory investigations toward clinical trials will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung S. Lee
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark A. Trifiro
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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21
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Silent Death by Sound: C 60 Fullerene Sonodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021020. [PMID: 36674528 PMCID: PMC9864357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The acoustic pressure waves of ultrasound (US) not only penetrate biological tissues deeper than light, but they also generate light emission, termed sonoluminescence. This promoted the idea of its use as an alternative energy source for photosensitizer excitation. Pristine C60 fullerene (C60), an excellent photosensitizer, was explored in the frame of cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT). For that purpose, we analyzed C60 effects on human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in combination with a low-intensity US treatment. The time-dependent accumulation of C60 in HeLa cells reached its maximum at 24 h (800 ± 66 ng/106 cells). Half of extranuclear C60 is localized within mitochondria. The efficiency of the C60 nanostructure's sonoexcitation with 1 MHz US was tested with cell-based assays. A significant proapoptotic sonotoxic effect of C60 was found for HeLa cells. C60's ability to induce apoptosis of carcinoma cells after sonoexcitation with US provides a promising novel approach for cancer treatment.
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Tan Y, Ma Y, Zhao C, Huang Z, Zhang A. Hybrid Nanoparticles of Tetraamino Fullerene and Benzothiadiazole fluorophore as Efficient Photosensitizers against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Barbero F, Gul S, Perrone G, Fenoglio I. Photoresponsive Inorganic Nanomaterials in Oncology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231192850. [PMID: 37551087 PMCID: PMC10408349 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231192850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are continuously evolving in search of more efficient, safe, and personalized approaches. Therapies based on nanoparticles or physical stimuli-responsive substances have shown great potential to overcome the inherent shortcomings of conventional cancer therapies. In fact, nanoparticles may increase the half-life of chemotherapeutic agents or promote the targeting in cancer tissues while physical stimuli-responsive substances are more effective and safer with respect to traditional chemotherapeutic agents because of the possibility to be switched on only when needed. These 2 approaches can be combined by exploiting the ability of some inorganic nanomaterials to be activated by light, ultrasounds, magnetic fields, or ionizing radiations. Albeit the development of stimuli-responsive materials is still at the early stages, research in this field is rapidly growing since they have important advantages with respect to organic nanoparticles or molecular substances, like higher stability, and higher efficiency in converting the stimulus in heat or, in some cases, reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, the translation process is slowed down by issues related to safety and quality of the formulations. This literature review summarizes the current advancements in this research field, analysing the most promising materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shagufta Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Perrone
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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24
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Meng D, Yang S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Cui L. Synergistic chemotherapy and phototherapy based on red blood cell biomimetic nanomaterials. J Control Release 2022; 352:146-162. [PMID: 36252749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) have become the mainstay of research in targeted cancer therapy. By combining different therapeutic strategies, potential DDSs and synergistic treatment approaches are needed to effectively deal with evolving drug resistance and the adverse effects of cancer. Nowadays, developing and optimizing human cell-based DDSs has become a new research strategy. Among them, red blood cells can be used as DDSs as they significantly enhance the pharmacokinetics of the transported drug cargo. Phototherapy, as a novel adjuvant in cancer treatment, can be divided into photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Phototherapy using erythropoietic nanocarriers to mimic the unique properties of erythrocytes and overcome the limitations of existing DDSs shows excellent prospects in clinical settings. This review provides an overview of the development of photosensitizers and research on bio-nano-delivery systems based on erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes that are used in achieving synergistic outcomes during phototherapy/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Meng
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuoye Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Lan Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-mediated photodynamic therapy and its applications in treating oral diseases. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213218. [PMID: 36436431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer, have a very high morbidity over the world. Basically, many oral diseases are commonly related to bacterial infections or cell malignant proliferation, and usually located on the superficial positions. These features allow the convenient and efficient application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral diseases, since PDT is ideally suitable for the diseases on superficial sites and has been widely used for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential element in PDT, which induce the generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of specific lights. Almost all the PSs are small molecules and commonly suffered from various problems in the PDT environment, such as low solubility and poor stability. Recently, reports on the nanomedicine-based PDT have been well documented. Various functionalized nanomaterials can serve either as the PSs carriers or the direct PSs, thus enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of different oral diseases and discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine-based PDT in the treatment of some common oral diseases. Also, the concerns and possible solutions for nanomaterials-mediated PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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26
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Mansuri P, Tabaie SM, Naderi MS, Kebriti K, Esmaeeli Djavid G, Shirkavand A. Systemic Photodynamic Therapy With Chlorine e6 as a Photosensitizer for the Treatment of Nodular BCC: A Case Report. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e44. [PMID: 36743148 PMCID: PMC9841372 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a demonstrated therapeutic method for basal cellcarcinoma (BCC), which is the most common human cancer. Here, we present a case report about systemic PDT with chlorine e6 as a photosensitizer (PS) for BCC treatment. Case Report: A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with a history of a 4-year nodular BCC in the nasal area. The patient was under control and treatment for hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Chlorine e6 was injected intravenously at a 0.08 mg/kg dosage in 500 cc normal saline within 20 minutes. Three hours after injection, laser irradiation was performed with a wavelength of 665 nm, a dosage of 150 J/cm2, and an irradiance value of 150 mW/cm2. His nodular BCC was completely cured without any side effects after one session of PDT with chlorine e6. Conclusion: Systemic PDT with chlorine e6 as a PS may be safe and effective in removing BCC lesions due to the data obtained in a two-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mansuri
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Tabaie
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to Seyed Mehdi Tabaie,
| | - Mina Sadat Naderi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Kebriti
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshan Shirkavand
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Cantelli A, Malferrari M, Mattioli EJ, Marconi A, Mirra G, Soldà A, Marforio TD, Zerbetto F, Rapino S, Di Giosia M, Calvaresi M. Enhanced Uptake and Phototoxicity of C 60@albumin Hybrids by Folate Bioconjugation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193501. [PMID: 36234629 PMCID: PMC9565331 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes are considered excellent photosensitizers, being highly suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A lack of water solubility and low biocompatibility are, in many instances, still hampering the full exploitation of their potential in nanomedicine. Here, we used human serum albumin (HSA) to disperse fullerenes by binding up to five fullerene cages inside the hydrophobic cavities. Albumin was bioconjugated with folic acid to specifically address the folate receptors that are usually overexpressed in several solid tumors. Concurrently, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, TRITC, a tag for imaging, was conjugated to C60@HSA in order to build an effective phototheranostic platform. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that: (i) HSA disperses C60 molecules in a physiological environment, (ii) HSA, upon C60 binding, maintains its biological identity and biocompatibility, (iii) the C60@HSA complex shows a significant visible-light-induced production of reactive oxygen species, and (iv) folate bioconjugation improves both the internalization and the PDT-induced phototoxicity of the C60@HSA complex in HeLa cells.
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28
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Thomas DT, Baby A, Raman V, Balakrishnan SP. Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjana Baby
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru India– 560029
| | - Vidya Raman
- Department of Chemistry T. M. Jacob Memorial Government College, Manimalakkunu Koothattukulam Kerala India 686662
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Grebowski J, Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Cichon N, Konarska A, Wolszczak M, Litwinienko G. Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 Protects the Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Erythrocytes against Oxidative Damage Induced by High-Energy Electrons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810939. [PMID: 36142851 PMCID: PMC9502585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) can pass through the human body easily, potentially causing severe damage to all biocomponents, which is associated with increasing oxidative stress. IR is employed in radiotherapy; however, in order to increase safety, it is necessary to minimize side effects through the use of radioprotectors. Water-soluble derivatives of fullerene exhibit antiradical and antioxidant properties, and these compounds are regarded as potential candidates for radioprotectors. We examined the ability of fullerenol C60(OH)36 to protect human erythrocytes, including the protection of the erythrocytal antioxidant system against high-energy electrons. Human erythrocytes irradiated with high-energy [6 MeV] electrons were treated with C60(OH)36 (150 µg/mL), incubated and haemolyzed. The radioprotective properties of fullerenol were determined by examining the antioxidant enzymes activity in the hemolysate, the concentration of -SH groups, as well as by determining erythrocyte microviscosity. The irradiation of erythrocytes (650 and 1300 Gy) reduces the number of thiol groups; however, an attenuation of this harmful effect is observed (p < 0.05) in the presence of C60(OH)36. Although no significant effect of fullerenol was recorded on catalase activity, which was preserved in both control and test samples, a more active protection of other enzymes was evident. An irradiation-induced decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase became an increase in the activity of those two enzymes in samples irradiated in the presence of C60(OH)36 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). The fourth studied enzyme, glutathione transferase, decreased (p < 0.05) its activity in the irradiated hemolysate treated with C60(OH)36, thus, indicating a lower level of ROS in the system. However, the interaction of fullerenol with the active centre of the enzyme cannot be excluded. We also noticed that radiation caused a dose-dependent decrease in the erythrocyte microviscosity, and the presence of C60(OH)36 reduced this effect (p < 0.05). Overall, we point to the radioprotective effect of C60(OH)36 manifested as the protection of the antioxidant enzymes of human erythrocytes against IR-induced damage, which has not been the subject of intense research so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Kazmierska-Grebowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Konarska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Wolszczak
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Tan Y, Ma Y, Fu S, Zhang A. Facile construction of fluorescent C 70-COOH nanoparticles with advanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm photodynamic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112507. [PMID: 35810597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antibacterial therapy has been considered as one of the most promising treatments to alleviate the spread of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Given the hypoxic environment of infectious tissues, photosensitizers with reduced oxygen-demand could exhibit superiority upon irradiation. Herein reported is a novel C70-based photosensitizers synthesized by the facile one-step thiol-ene reaction. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the structural, photoluminescent properties, photostability and biocompatibility of the as-synthesized C70-COOH nanoparticles. Furthermore, they were capable of efficiently producing reactive oxygen species following both the type I and II mechanistic pathways, thus still generating adequate free radicals under hypoxic condition. Therefore, they could approach and destroy the bacterial cell membrane in the presence of visible light, thereby causing cytoplasmic leakage and eventually achieving broad-spectrum inactivation of four representative bacterial strains. Especially, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were completely eliminated after merely 10 minutes irradiation, and the formation of its corresponding biofilm were also greatly inhibited by C70-COOH nanoparticles. These results provide new insights and opportunities for the development of hypoxia-tolerant fullerene-based photosensitizers to combat multidrug resistant bacterial and related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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31
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Ramasanoff RR, Sokolov PA. Intersystem Crossing Rate of C60-tryptophan. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hou W, Shi G, Wu S, Mo J, Shen L, Zhang X, Zhu Y. Application of Fullerenes as Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957698. [PMID: 35910649 PMCID: PMC9329950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a newly emerged treatment approach that can effectively address the issue of multidrug resistance resulting from the overuse of antibiotics. Fullerenes can be used as promising photosensitizers (PSs) for aPDI due to the advantages of high triplet state yields, good photostability, wide antibacterial spectrum, and permissibility of versatile functionalization. This review introduces the photodynamic activities of fullerenes and the up-to-date understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of fullerene-based aPDI. The most recent works on the functionalization of fullerenes and the application of fullerene derivatives as PSs for aPDI are also summarized. Finally, certain remaining challenges are emphasized to provide guidance on future research directions for achieving clinical application of fullerene-based aPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guorui Shi
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Songze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Mo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuqiang Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Hearing and Balance Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Xiuqiang Zhang,
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yabin Zhu,
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Stavitskaya A, Khusnetdenova E, Vinokurov V, Lvov Y, Fakhrullin R. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic toxicity of halloysite decorated with photoactive nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7719-7729. [PMID: 35781299 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of new approaches to treat the growing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacterial species is an important task to ensure the future safety of society. Utilization of irradiation of different wavelengths together with nanostructured materials based on metal containing nanoparticles may result in synergetic antibacterial effects. In this paper we aim to show the main conceptions of light-assisted bacteria deactivation techniques and prospects of application of natural clay nanotubes as a carrier for scalable photoactive antibacterial nanomaterials. Halloysite aluminosilicate nanotubes (ca 50 nm diameter, ca. 1.0 μm length) are safe and biocompatible natural materials produced in tons. Their application as a template or a carrier for metal nanoparticles, QDs and organic compounds has already found application in biomedical research, cosmetics, polymers, coatings, catalysis and related applications. Here, we show the toxicity of halloysite decorated with photoactive nanoparticles on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The formation of light active nanostructured materials with this clay as the base is a promising tool for solving the problem of the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stavitskaya
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elnara Khusnetdenova
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Vinokurov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Lvov
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Technical University, Ruston, USA
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation.
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Fullerene C60 derivatives as antimicrobial photodynamic agents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Grebowski J, Litwinienko G. Metallofullerenols in biomedical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114481. [PMID: 35665690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallofullerenols (MFs) are functionalized endohedral fullerenes connecting at least three levels of organization of matter: atomic, molecular, and supramolecular, resulting in their unique activity at the nanoscale. Biomedical applications of MFs started from gadolinium-containing contrasting agents, but today their potential medical applications go far beyond diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging. In many cases, preclinical studies have shown a great therapeutic value of MFs, and here we provide an overview of interactions of MFs with high-energy radiation and with reactive oxygen species generated during radiation as a ground for potential applications in modern therapy of cancer patients. We also present the current knowledge on interactions of MFs with proteins and with other components of cells and tissues. Due to their antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to regulate the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and stimulation of the immune response, MFs can contribute to inhibition of tumor growth and protection of normal cells. MFs with enclosed gadolinium act as inhibitors of tumor growth in targeted therapy along with imaging techniques, but we hope that the data gathered in this review will help to accelerate further progress in the implementation of MFs, also the ones containing rare earth metals other than gadolinium, in a broad range of bioapplications covering not only diagnostics and bioimaging but also radiation therapy and cancer treatment by not-cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646, Lodz, Poland.
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Babu N, Rahaman SA, John AM, Balakrishnan SP. Photosensitizer Anchored Nanoparticles: A Potential Material for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Babu
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru India 560029
| | - Shaik Abdul Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru India 560029
| | - Athira Maria John
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru India 560029
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Awad M, Thomas N, Barnes TJ, Prestidge CA. Nanomaterials enabling clinical translation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2022; 346:300-316. [PMID: 35483636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising approach to aid the fight against looming antibiotic resistance. aPDT harnesses the energy of light through photosenstizers to generate highly reactive oxygen species that can inactivate bacteria and fungi with no resistance. To date aPDT has shown great efficacy against microbes causing localized infections in the skin and the oral cavity. However, its wide application in clinical settings has been limited due to both physicochemical and biological challenges. Over the past decade nanomaterials have contributed to promoting photosensitizer performance and aPDT efficiency, yet further developments are required to establish accredited treatment options. In this review we discuss the challenges facing the clinical application of aPDT and the opportunities that nanotechnology may offer to promote the safety and efficiency of aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Awad
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville 5011, Australia.
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Aghajanzadeh M, Zamani M, Rajabi Kouchi F, Eixenberger J, Shirini D, Estrada D, Shirini F. Synergic Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy Mediated by Nano Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020322. [PMID: 35214054 PMCID: PMC8880656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a summary of recent progress in the development of different nano-platforms for the efficient synergistic effect between photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In particular, this review focuses on various methods in which photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents are co-delivered to the targeted tumor site. In many cases, the photosensitizers act as drug carriers, but this review, also covers different types of appropriate nanocarriers that aid in the delivery of photosensitizers to the tumor site. These nanocarriers include transition metal, silica and graphene-based materials, liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, metal–organic frameworks, nano emulsions, and biologically derived nanocarriers. Many studies have demonstrated various benefits from using these nanocarriers including enhanced water solubility, stability, longer circulation times, and higher accumulation of therapeutic agents/photosensitizers at tumor sites. This review also describes novel approaches from different research groups that utilize various targeting strategies to increase treatment efficacy through simultaneous photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mostafa Zamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
| | - Josh Eixenberger
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
| | - Dorsa Shirini
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
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Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Di Giosia M, Danielli A, Calvaresi M. EGFR-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:241. [PMID: 35213974 PMCID: PMC8879084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and metastatization of cancer cells. Aberrancies in the expression and activation of EGFR are hallmarks of many human malignancies. As such, EGFR-targeted therapies hold significant potential for the cure of cancers. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained increased interest as a non-invasive cancer treatment. In PDT, a photosensitizer is excited by light to produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in local cytotoxicity. One of the critical aspects of PDT is to selectively transport enough photosensitizers to the tumors environment. Accordingly, an increasing number of strategies have been devised to foster EGFR-targeted PDT. Herein, we review the recent nanobiotechnological advancements that combine the promise of PDT with EGFR-targeted molecular cancer therapy. We recapitulate the chemistry of the sensitizers and their modes of action in PDT, and summarize the advantages and pitfalls of different targeting moieties, highlighting future perspectives for EGFR-targeted photodynamic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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de Paiva ADCM, Ferreira MDC, da Fonseca ADS. Photodynamic therapy for treatment of bacterial keratitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102717. [PMID: 35021106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is the main cause of corneal opacification and the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide, with bacteria the major infectious agent. Recently, bacterial keratitis has become a serious threat due to routine use of antibiotics leading to selection of resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria strains. New approaches for treatment of bacterial keratitis are necessary to outcome the increasing antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is based on three agents: photosensitizer, oxygen, and light radiation. This therapy has been successful for treatment of infections in different tissues and organs as well as against different type of infectious agents and no resistance development. Also, new photosensitizers are being developed that has increased the spectrum of therapeutic protocols for treatment of a number of infectious diseases. Thus, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has an extraordinary potential for treatment of those bacterial keratitis cases that actually are not solved by traditional antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Carvalho Mendes de Paiva
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Mariz e Barros, 775, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270002, Brazil
| | - Michelle da Costa Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 157, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211040, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87 fundos, 4º andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25964004, Brazil.
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Yu J, Bai X, Wu X, Guo X, Liu Z, Liu X. Combination of phototherapy with immune checkpoint blockade: Theory and practice in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955920. [PMID: 36119019 PMCID: PMC9478587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has evolved as a revolutionized therapeutic modality to eradicate tumor cells by releasing the brake of the antitumor immune response. However, only a subset of patients could benefit from ICB treatment currently. Phototherapy usually includes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). PTT exerts a local therapeutic effect by using photothermal agents to generate heat upon laser irradiation. PDT utilizes irradiated photosensitizers with a laser to produce reactive oxygen species to kill the target cells. Both PTT and PDT can induce immunogenic cell death in tumors to activate antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell infiltration. Therefore, combining ICB treatment with PTT/PDT can enhance the antitumor immune response and prevent tumor metastases and recurrence. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of phototherapy in cancer immunotherapy and discussed the recent advances in the development of phototherapy combined with ICB therapy to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, we also outlined the significant progress of phototherapy combined with targeted therapy or chemotherapy to improve ICB in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we analyzed the current challenges of this novel combination treatment regimen. We believe that the next-generation technology breakthrough in cancer treatment may come from this combinational win-win strategy of photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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43
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Properties, synthesis, and recent advancement in photocatalytic applications of graphdiyne: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ray A, Passiu C, Nasuda M, Ramakrishna SN, Rossi A, Kuzuya A, Spencer ND, Yamakoshi Y. Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Surface Oxidation of Single-Molecule DNA Origami by an Atomic Force Microscope Tip-Mounted C 60 Photocatalyst. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19256-19265. [PMID: 34817171 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A tripod molecule incorporating a C60 photocatalyst into a rigid scaffold with disulfide legs was designed and synthesized for the stable and robust attachment of C60 onto an Au-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. The "tripod-C60" was immobilized onto the tip by forming S-Au bonds in the desired orientation and a dispersed manner, rendering it suitable for the oxidation and scission of single molecules on a countersurface, thereby functioning as "molecular shears". A DNA origami with a well-defined structure was chosen as the substrate for the tip-induced oxidation. The gold-coated, C60-functionalized AFM tip was used for both AFM imaging and oxidation of DNA origami upon visible-light irradiation. The localized and temporally controlled oxidative damage of DNA origami was successfully performed at the single-molecule level via singlet-oxygen (1O2) generation from the immobilized C60 on the AFM tip. This oxidative damage to DNA origami can be carried out under ambient conditions in a fluid cell at room temperature, rendering it well-suited for the manipulation of a variety of species on surfaces via a spatially and temporally controlled oxidation reaction triggered by 1O2 locally generated from the immobilized C60 on the AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ray
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Passiu
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Masayuki Nasuda
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, I-09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Akinori Kuzuya
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho 3-3-35, Suita, 564-8680 Osaka, Japan
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yoko Yamakoshi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Sarotti AM, Martínez SR, Macor LP, Durantini JE, Renfige M, Gervaldo MA, Otero LA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. BOPHY-Fullerene C 60 Dyad as a Photosensitizer for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103884. [PMID: 34878698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad (BP-C60 ) was designed as a heavy-atom-free photosensitizer (PS) with potential uses in photodynamic treatment and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated applications. BP-C60 consists of a BOPHY fluorophore covalently attached to a C60 moiety through a pyrrolidine ring. The BOPHY core works as a visible-light-harvesting antenna, while the fullerene C60 subunit elicits the photodynamic action. This fluorophore-fullerene cycloadduct, obtained by a straightforward synthetic route, was fully characterized and compared with its individual counterparts. The restricted rotation around the single bond connecting the BOPHY and pyrrolidine moieties led to the formation of two atropisomers. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational studies disclose an efficient photoinduced energy/electron transfer process from BOPHY to fullerene C60 . Photodynamic studies indicate that BP-C60 produces ROS by both photomechanisms (type I and type II). Moreover, the dyad exhibits higher ROS production efficiency than its individual constitutional components. Preliminary screening of photodynamic inactivation on bacteria models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) demonstrated the ability of this dyad to be used as a heavy-atom-free PS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that not only a BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad is reported, but also that a BOPHY derivative is applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This study lays the foundations for the development of new BOPHY-based PSs with plausible applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéutica, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Renfige
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Aniogo EC, George BP, Abrahamse H. Molecular Effectors of Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413182. [PMID: 34947979 PMCID: PMC8704319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently enjoying considerable attention as the subject of experimental research to treat resistant cancers. The preferential accumulation of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) in different cellular organelles that causes oxidative damage by combining light and molecular oxygen leads to selective cell killing. However, one major setback, common among other treatment approaches, is tumor relapse and the development of resistance causing treatment failure. PDT-mediated resistance could result from increased drug efflux and decreased localization of PS, reduced light exposure, increased DNA damage repair, and altered expression of survival genes. This review highlights the essential insights of PDT reports in which PDT resistance was observed and which identified some of the molecular effectors that facilitate the development of PDT resistance. We also discuss different perceptions of PDT and how its current limitations can be overturned to design improved cancer resistant treatments.
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Didamson OC, Abrahamse H. Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1943. [PMID: 34834358 PMCID: PMC8625244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Leroy-Lhez S. Latest trends on photodynamic disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria: photosensitizer's structure and delivery systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:113-145. [PMID: 34784052 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Etiological agents of previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multidrug-resistant strains, especially for Gram-negative strains. Finding new therapeutic solutions is a real challenge for our society. In this framework, Photodynamic Antimicrobial ChemoTherapy relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species in the presence of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer molecule. The use of reactive oxygen species is common for disinfection processes, using chemical agents, such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, and as they do not have a specific molecular target, it decreases the potential of tolerance to the antimicrobial treatment. However, light-driven generated reactive species result in an interesting alternative, as reactive species generation can be easily tuned with light irradiation and several PSs are known for their low environmental impact. Over the past few years, this topic has been thoroughly studied, exploring strategies based on single-molecule PSs (tetrapyrrolic compounds, dipyrrinate derivatives, metal complexes, etc.) or on conjunction with delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most relevant advances of the last 6 years, focusing on photosensitizers design, formulation, and potentiation, aiming for the disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Maldonado-Carmona
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.
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Practical treatment of singlet oxygen with density-functional theory and the multiplet-sum method. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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