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Sokol MB, Sokhraneva VA, Groza NV, Mollaeva MR, Yabbarov NG, Chirkina MV, Trufanova AA, Popenko VI, Nikolskaya ED. Thymol-Modified Oleic and Linoleic Acids Encapsulated in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Enhanced Bioactivity, Stability, and Biomedical Potential. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:72. [PMID: 38201737 PMCID: PMC10781094 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), are promising antimicrobial and cytostatic agents. We modified OA and LA with thymol (TOA and TLA, respectively) to expand their bioavailability, stability, and possible applications, and encapsulated these derivatives in polymeric nanoparticles (TOA-NPs and TLA-NPs, respectively). Prior to synthesis, we performed mathematical simulations with PASS and ADMETlab 2.0 to predict the biological activity and pharmacokinetics of TOA and TLA. TOA and TLA were synthesized via esterification in the presence of catalysts. Next, we formulated nanoparticles using the single-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. We applied dynamic light scattering, Uv-vis spectroscopy, release studies under gastrointestinal (pH 1.2-6.8) and blood environment simulation conditions (pH 7.4), and in vitro biological activity testing to characterize the nanoparticles. PASS revealed that TOA and TLA have antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutic potential. ADMETlab 2.0 provided a rationale for TOA and TLA encapsulation. The nanoparticles had an average size of 212-227 nm, with a high encapsulation efficiency (71-93%), and released TOA and TLA in a gradual and prolonged mode. TLA-NPs possessed higher antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus and pronounced cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, K562, and A549 cell lines compared to TOA-NPs. Our findings expand the biomedical application of fatty acids and provide a basis for further in vivo evaluation of designed derivatives and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Sokol
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Vera A. Sokhraneva
- N.A. Preobrazhensky Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (N.V.G.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11999 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya V. Groza
- N.A. Preobrazhensky Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Mariia R. Mollaeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Margarita V. Chirkina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Anna A. Trufanova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Vladimir I. Popenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11999 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena D. Nikolskaya
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.M.); (N.G.Y.); (M.V.C.); (A.A.T.)
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Zwueste DM, Vernau KM, Vernau W, Pypendop BH, Knych HK, Rodrigues CA, Kol A, Questa M, Dickinson PJ. Oral cytarabine ocfosfate pharmacokinetics and assessment of leukocyte biomarkers in normal dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2429-2442. [PMID: 37670479 PMCID: PMC10658504 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog prodrug utilized for immunomodulatory effects mediated by its active metabolite Ara-CTP. Optimal dosing protocols for immunomodulation in dogs have not been defined. Cytarabine ocfosfate (CO) is a lipophilic prodrug of Ara-C that can be administered PO and provides prolonged serum concentrations of Ara-C. OBJECTIVES Provide pharmacokinetic data for orally administered CO and determine accumulation and functional consequences of Ara-CTP within peripheral blood leukocytes. ANIMALS Three healthy female hound dogs and 1 healthy male Beagle. METHODS Prospective study. Dogs received 200 mg/m2 of CO PO q24h for 7 doses. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CO and Ara-C concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Complete blood counts, flow cytometry, and leukocyte activation assays were done up to 21 days. Incorporation of Ara-CTP within leukocyte DNA was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Maximum serum concentration (Cmax ) for Ara-C was 456.1-724.0 ng/mL (1.88-2.98 μM) and terminal half-life was 23.3 to 29.4 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid: serum Ara-C ratios ranged from 0.54 to 1.2. Peripheral blood lymphocyte concentrations remained within the reference range, but proliferation rates poststimulation were decreased at 6 days. Incorporation of Ara-CTP was not saturated and remained >25% of peak concentration at 13 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oral CO may produce prolonged serum Ara-C half-lives at concentrations sufficient to induce functional changes in peripheral leukocytes and is associated with prolonged retention of DNA-incorporated Ara-CTP. Application of functional and active metabolite assessment is feasible and may provide more relevant data to determine optimal dosing regimens for Ara-C-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Zwueste
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruno H. Pypendop
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytic Chemistry LaboratoryUC DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carlos A. Rodrigues
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Questa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Guan Z, Liang Y, Zhu Z, Yang A, Li S, Guo J, Wang F, Yang H, Zhang N, Wang X, Wang J. Cytosine arabinoside exposure induced cytotoxic effects and neural tube defects in mice and embryo stem cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115141. [PMID: 37320917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for hematological malignancies. The residues of Ara-C have been detected in wastewater and river water with increased usage and discharge. As the ability to cross the placenta and the teratogenicity at low ng/L levels, the toxic effects on pregnant women and infants have been concerned. The toxicity of Ara-C exposure on early embryonic neurodevelopment has not been fully elucidated. In this study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were injected with different doses of Ara-C on Gestation day (GD) 7.5 and assessed on GD11.5 and GD13.5 to explore the neural developmental effects of Ara-C. HE staining, immunofluorescence, western blot, EdU assay, and flow cytometry were utilized to determine the toxic effects of Ara-C in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that Ara-C (15-22.5 mg/kg body weight) induced the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). The expression of PH3 was markedly reduced in embryos with Ara-C-induced NTDs, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, cell apoptosis was markedly increased. Increased expression levels of GFAP and decreased Nestin were observed in the embryonic brain tissues in Ara-C induced NTDs. The level of β-catenin was also decreased on both GD11.5 and GD13.5. These results were confirmed in vitro using mouse Sv129 embryonic stem cells (mESC). Ara-C at a dose comparable to the environment level (0.05 nM) had cytotoxicity. Impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in Ara-C exposure induced imbalance between cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, which might contribute to Ara-C-induced occurrence of NTDs. Our data indicated the environmental concentration of Ara-C had cytotoxicity and that maternal exposure to Ara-C induced NTDs. These results might provide more information to understand the environmental toxic impact of Ara-C on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Aiyun Yang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shen Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Growth and Development Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
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Balouch M, Storchmannová K, Štěpánek F, Berka K. Computational Prodrug Design Methodology for Liposome Formulability Enhancement of Small-Molecule APIs. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2119-2127. [PMID: 36939094 PMCID: PMC10074381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation into liposomes is a formulation strategy that can improve efficacy and reduce side effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that exhibit poor biodistribution or pharmacokinetics when administered alone. However, many APIs are unsuitable for liposomal formulations intended for parenteral administration due to their inherent physicochemical properties─lipid bilayer permeability and water-lipid equilibrium partitioning coefficient. Too high permeability results in premature leakage from liposomes, while too low permeability means the API is not able to pass across biological barriers. There are several options for solving this issue: (i) change of the lipid bilayer composition, (ii) addition of a permeability enhancer, or (iii) modification of the chemical structure of the API to design a prodrug. The latter approach was taken in the present work, and the effect of small changes in the molecular structure of the API on its permeation rate across a lipidic bilayer was systematically explored utilizing computer simulations. An in silico methodology for prodrug design based on the COSMOperm approach has been proposed and applied to four APIs (abiraterone, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil, and paliperidone). It is shown that the addition of aliphatic hydrocarbon chains via ester or amide bonds can render the molecule more lipophilic and increase its permeability by approximately 1 order of magnitude for each 2 carbon atoms added, while the formation of fructose adducts can provide a more hydrophilic character to the molecule and reduce its lipid partitioning. While partitioning was found to depend only on the size and type of the added group, permeability was found to depend also on the added group location. Overall, it has been shown that both permeability and lipid partitioning coefficient can be systematically shifted into the desired liposome formulability window by appropriate group contributions to the parental drug. This can significantly increase the portfolio of APIs for which liposome or lipid nanoparticle formulations become feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Storchmannová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Maryam S, Barkat K, Khalid I, Mehmood Y, Syed MA, Malik NS, Aslam M. Polymeric blends of okra gum/gelatin prepared by aqueous polymerization technique: their characterization and toxicological evaluation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Aslam M, Barkat K, Malik NS, Alqahtani MS, Anjum I, Khalid I, Tulain UR, Gohar N, Zafar H, Paiva-Santos AC, Raza F. pH Sensitive Pluronic Acid/Agarose-Hydrogels as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers: Design, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061218. [PMID: 35745795 PMCID: PMC9229590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to fabricate and evaluate a pH sensitive cross-linked polymeric network through the free radical polymerization technique for the model drug, cyclophosphamide, used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Hydrogels were prepared using a polymeric blend of agarose, Pluronic acid, glutaraldehyde, and methacrylic acid. The prepared hydrogels were characterized for drug loading (%), swelling pattern, release behavior, the ingredient’s compatibility, structural evaluation, thermal integrity, and toxicity evaluation in rabbits. The new polymer formation was evident from FTIR findings. The percentage loaded into the hydrogels was in the range of 58.65–75.32%. The developed hydrogels showed significant differences in swelling dynamics and drug release behavior in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) when compared with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The drug release was persistent and performed in a controlled manner for up to 24 h. A toxicity study was conducted on white albino rabbits. The developed hydrogels did not show any signs of ocular, skin, or oral toxicity; therefore, these hydrogels can be regarded as safe and potential carriers for controlled drug delivery in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Aslam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Nadia Shamshad Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (N.S.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ume Ruqia Tulain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Nitasha Gohar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (N.S.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Faisal Raza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (N.S.M.); (N.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (F.R.)
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Mougin J, Bourgaux C, Couvreur P. Elongated self-assembled nanocarriers: From molecular organization to therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:127-147. [PMID: 33705872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled cylindrical aggregates made of amphiphilic molecules emerged almost 40 years ago. Due to their length up to micrometers, those particles display original physico-chemical properties such as important flexibility and, for concentrated samples, a high viscoelasticity making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. However, a quarter of century was needed to successfully take advantage of those improvements towards therapeutic purposes. Since then, a wide diversity of biocompatible materials such as polymers, lipids or peptides, have been developed to design self-assembling elongated drug nanocarriers, suitable for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. More recently, the investigation of the main forces driving the unidirectional growth of these nanodevices allowed a translation toward the formation of pure nanodrugs to avoid the use of unnecessary side materials and the possible toxicity concerns associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Claudie Bourgaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Fattahi N, Shahbazi MA, Maleki A, Hamidi M, Ramazani A, Santos HA. Emerging insights on drug delivery by fatty acid mediated synthesis of lipophilic prodrugs as novel nanomedicines. J Control Release 2020; 326:556-598. [PMID: 32726650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many drug molecules that are currently in the market suffer from short half-life, poor absorption, low specificity, rapid degradation, and resistance development. The design and development of lipophilic prodrugs can provide numerous benefits to overcome these challenges. Fatty acids (FAs), which are lipophilic biomolecules constituted of essential components of the living cells, carry out many necessary functions required for the development of efficient prodrugs. Chemical conjugation of FAs to drug molecules may change their pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics in vivo and even their toxicity profile. Well-designed FA-based prodrugs can also present other benefits, such as improved oral bioavailability, promoted tumor targeting efficiency, controlled drug release, and enhanced cellular penetration, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss diverse drug molecules conjugated to various unsaturated FAs. Furthermore, various drug-FA conjugates loaded into various nanostructure delivery systems, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, nano-assemblies, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, are reviewed. The present review aims to inspire readers to explore new avenues in prodrug design based on the various FAs with or without nanostructured delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran; Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 45331-55681 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 45331-55681 Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran; Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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9
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Rashmi, Singh AK, Achazi K, Schade B, Böttcher C, Haag R, Sharma SK. Synthesis of non-ionic bolaamphiphiles and study of their self-assembly and transport behaviour for drug delivery applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31777-31782. [PMID: 35548236 PMCID: PMC9085746 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of four bolaamphiphiles with different hydrophilic units has been synthesised. All the amphiphiles were well characterised from their physiochemical data. The aggregation tendency of newly synthesised amphiphiles was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Furthermore, their application as nanocarriers for hydrophobic guests was demonstrated by using two established standards, i.e. the dye Nile red and the drug nimodipine. A cytotoxicity and cellular uptake study has been carried out using A549 cells. Due to the presence of an ester linkage in PEG based bolaamphiphiles, a drug release study was performed in the presence of an immobilized enzyme Novozym-435 (a lipase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany +49-30-838-452633 +49-30-838-52633
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 36a 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 36a 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany +49-30-838-452633 +49-30-838-52633
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110 007 India +91-11-27666646
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