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Tomasina C, Montalbano G, Fiorilli S, Quadros P, Azevedo A, Coelho C, Vitale-Brovarone C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Moroni L. Incorporation of strontium-containing bioactive particles into PEOT/PBT electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213406. [PMID: 37054582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biomaterials and bioactive particles has shown to be a successful strategy to fabricate electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Among the range of bioactive particles, hydroxyapatite and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have been widely used for their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Yet, the comparison between the chemical and mechanical characteristics as well as the biological performances of these particle-containing scaffolds have been characterized to a limited extent. In this work, we fabricated PEOT/PBT-based composite scaffolds incorporating either nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), strontium-containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHA_Sr) or MBGs doped with strontium ions up to 15 wt./vol% and 12,5 wt./vol% for nHA and MBG, respectively. The composite scaffolds presented a homogeneous particle distribution. Morphological, chemical and mechanical analysis revealed that the introduction of particles into the electrospun meshes caused a decrease in the fiber diameter and mechanical properties, yet maintaining the hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds. The Sr2+ release profile differed according to the considered system, observing a 35-day slowly decreasing release from strontium-containing nHA scaffolds, whereas MBG-based scaffolds showed a strong burst release in the first week. In vitro, culture of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on composite scaffolds demonstrated excellent cell adhesion and proliferation. In maintenance and osteogenic media, all composite scaffolds showed high mineralization as well as expression of Col I and OCN compared to PEOT/PBT scaffolds, suggesting their ability to boost bone formation even without osteogenic factors. The presence of strontium led to an increase in collagen secretion and matrix mineralization in osteogenic medium, while gene expression analysis showed that hMSCs cultured on nHA-based scaffolds had a higher expression of OCN, ALP and RUNX2 compared to cells cultured on nHA_Sr scaffolds in osteogenic medium. Yet, cells cultured on MBGs-based scaffolds showed a higher gene expression of COL1, ALP, RUNX2 and BMP2 in osteogenic medium compared to nHA-based scaffolds, which is hypothesized to lead to high osteoinductivity in long term cultures.
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Kolak S, Birhanlı E, Boran F, Bakar B, Ulu A, Yeşilada Ö, Ateş B. Tailor-made novel electrospun polycaprolactone/polyethyleneimine fiber membranes for laccase immobilization: An all-in-one material to biodegrade textile dyes and phenolic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137478. [PMID: 36513203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of many works on the biodegradation of textile dyes and phenolic compounds, we propose a new, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and sustainable material based on electrospun fiber and immobilized laccase. The polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) electrospun fibers were optimized and prepared by electrospinning technique according to the operational parameters like PCL concentration (12 wt%), PEI concentration (10 wt%), voltage (16 kV), needle tip-collector distance (20 cm), and injection speed (0.7 mL/h). Next, characterization studies were performed to investigate the morphology and structure of the electrospun fibers without and with laccase. The crude laccase was obtained by cultivating the white rot fungus T. trogii (TT), and T. versicolor (TV). The resulting electrospun fibers showed a smooth surface with a mean diameter of around 560 nm, and larger diameters were observed after laccase immobilization. According to the results, immobilization increased the stability properties of laccase such as storage, and operational. For instance, the residual activity of the PCL/PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL after 10 repeated cycles, was 33.2 ± 0.2% and 26.0 ± 0.9%, respectively. After 3 weeks of storage, they retained around 30% of their original activity. Moreover, the PCL/PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL were found to possess high decolorization yield to remove Orange II and Malachite Green textile dyes from solutions imitating polluted waters. Among them, the PCL/PEI/TTL exhibited the highest decolorization efficiencies of Orange II and Malachite Green after 8 continuous uses at pH 5 and a temperature of 50 °C, reaching over 86%, and 46%, respectively. Moreover, PCL/PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL effectively degraded the 2,6-dichlorophenol phenolic compound at an optimal pH and temperature range and exhibited maximum removal efficiency of 52.6 ± 0.1% and 64.5 ± 7.6%, respectively. Our approach combines the advantageous properties of electrospun fiber material and immobilization strategy for the efficient use of industrial scale important enzymes such as laccase in various enzymatic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kolak
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emre Birhanlı
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Boran
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Büşra Bakar
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Özfer Yeşilada
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
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Radisavljevic A, Stojanovic DB, Petrovic M, Radojevic V, Uskokovic P, Rajilic-Stojanovic M. Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers functionalized with Achillea millefolium extract yield biomaterial with antibacterial, antioxidant and improved mechanical properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:962-974. [PMID: 36571468 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL), as a biocompatible polymer was functionalized by addition of medicinal plant extract- Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow). Nanofiber mats were fabricated from PCL solutions containing dry yarrow extract in four concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% relative to the weight of the polymer) by using blend electrospinning method. The nanofibers were characterized for their biological, mechanical and drug release behavior. In vitro release of yarrow polyphenols from the electrospun PCL nanofibers over a period of 5 days showed the release of up to 98% of the total loaded polyphenols. The released polyphenols retained its antioxidant activity, which was determined by DPPH assay. Electrospun PCL/yarrow nanofiber mats exhibited the antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, but had no effect on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All PCL/yarrow nanofiber mats had improved mechanical properties compared to the neat PCL nanofibers, as evident by an increase in Young's modulus of elasticity (up to 5.7 times), the tensile strength (up to 5.5 times), and the strain at break (up to 1.45 times). Based on our results, yarrow-loaded PCL nanofiber mats appeared to be multi-functional biomaterials suitable for the production of catheter-coating materials, patches, or gauzes with antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Radisavljevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Innovation Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusica B Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Petrovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Radojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Uskokovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hybrid 3D Printed and Electrospun Multi-Scale Hierarchical Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Induce Bone Differentiation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122843. [PMID: 36559336 PMCID: PMC9781012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex scaffolds composed of micro- and nano-structures are a key target in tissue engineering and the combination of sequential 3D printing and electrospinning enables the fabrication of these multi-scale structures. In this work, dual 3D printed and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with multiple mesh layers were successfully prepared. The scaffold macro- and micro-porosity were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, showing that electrospun fibers formed aligned meshes within the pores of the scaffold. Consequently, the hydrophilicity of the scaffold increased with time, enhancing cell adhesion and growth. Additionally, compression tests in back and forth cycles demonstrated a good shape recovery behavior of the scaffolds. Biological results indicated that hybrid PCL scaffolds are biocompatible and enable a correct cell culture over time. Moreover, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast culture on the scaffolds promoted the mineralization, increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and upregulated the expression of early and late osteogenic markers, namely ALP and osteopontin (OPN), respectively. These results demonstrate that the sequential combination of 3D printing and electrospinning provides a facile method of incorporating fibers within a 3D printed scaffold, becoming a promising approach towards multi-scale hierarchical scaffolds capable of guiding the osteogenic differentiation.
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Carranza T, Zalba-Balda M, Baraibar MJB, de la Caba K, Guerrero P. Effect of sterilization processes on alginate/gelatin inks for three-dimensional printing. Int J Bioprint 2022; 9:645. [PMID: 36844236 PMCID: PMC9947484 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
309Sterilization is a crucial step in the process of developing bioinks for tissue engineering applications. In this work, alginate/gelatin inks were subjected to three sterilization methods: ultraviolet (UV) radiation, filtration (FILT), and autoclaving (AUTO). In addition, to simulate the sterilization effect in a real environment, inks were formulated in two different media, specifically, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). First, rheological tests were performed to evaluate the flow properties of the inks, and we observed that UV samples showed shear thinning behavior, which was favorable for three-dimensional (3D) printing. Furthermore, the 3D-printed constructs developed with UV inks showed better shape and size fidelity than those obtained with FILT and AUTO. In order to relate this behavior to the material structure, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out and the predominant conformation in protein was determined by deconvolution of the amide I band, which confirmed that the prevalence of a-helix structure was greater for UV samples. This work highlights the relevance of sterilization processes, which are essential for biomedical applications, in the research field of bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carranza
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingenieríade Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain,Domotek SL, B° Santa Luzia 17, Tolosa, 20400, Spain
| | - Martin Zalba-Balda
- Tknika, Basque VET Applied Research Centre, Barrio Zamalbide s/n, Errenteria, 20100, Spain,University of Mondragon (MU), Faculty of Engineering (MGEP), Loramendi 4, Arrasate-Mondragon, 20500, Spain
| | | | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingenieríade Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain,BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain,Corresponding author: Pedro Guerrero () Koro de la Caba ()
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingenieríade Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain,BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain,Proteinmat Materials SL, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain,Corresponding author: Pedro Guerrero () Koro de la Caba ()
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Dias JR, Sousa A, Augusto A, Bártolo PJ, Granja PL. Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) Degradation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163397. [PMID: 36015652 PMCID: PMC9415937 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in tissue engineering due to its interesting properties, namely biocompatibility, biodegradability, elastic nature, availability, cost efficacy, and the approval of health authorities such as the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The PCL degradation rate is not the most adequate for specific applications such as skin regeneration due to the hydrophobic nature of bulk PCL. However, PCL electrospun fiber meshes, due to their low diameters resulting in high surface area, are expected to exhibit a fast degradation rate. In this work, in vitro and in vivo degradation studies were performed over 90 days to evaluate the potential of electrospun PCL as a wound dressing. Enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation studies in vitro, performed in a static medium, demonstrated the influence of lipase, which promoted a rate of degradation of 97% for PCL meshes. In an in vivo scenario, the degradation was slower, although the samples were not rejected, and were well-integrated in the surrounding tissues inside the subcutaneous pockets specifically created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Dias
- Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRsp), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2030-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Augusto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ARNET, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Bártolo
- Singapore Center for 3D Printing, Nanyang Technological University, 22 Jurong West, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Singh YP, Mishra B, Gupta MK, Mishra NC, Dasgupta S. Enhancing physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactive performances of monetite nanoparticles reinforced
chitosan‐PEO
electrospun scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Balaram Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee India
| | - Sudip Dasgupta
- Department of Ceramic Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
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Singh YP, Dasgupta S. Gelatin-based electrospun and lyophilized scaffolds with nano scale feature for bone tissue engineering application: review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1704-1758. [PMID: 35443894 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2068943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rebuilding of the normal functioning of the damaged human body bone tissue is one of the main objectives of bone tissue engineering (BTE). Fabricated scaffolds are mostly treated as artificial supports and as materials for regeneration of neo bone tissues and must closely biomimetic the native extracellular matrix of bone. The materials used for developing scaffolds should be biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. For the resurrection of bone disorder, specifically natural and synthetic polymers such as chitosan, PCL, gelatin, PGA, PLA, PLGA, etc. meet the requirements for serving their functions as artificial bone substitute materials. Gelatin is one of the potential candidates which could be blended with other polymers or composites to improve its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological performances as a bone graft. Scaffolds are produced by several methods including electrospinning, self-assembly, freeze-drying, phase separation, fiber drawing, template synthesis, etc. Among them, freeze-drying and electrospinning are among the popular, simplest, versatile, and cost-effective techniques. The design and preparation of freeze-dried and electrospun scaffolds are of intense research over the last two decades. Freeze-dried and electrospun scaffolds offer a distinctive architecture at the micro to nano range with desired porosity and pore interconnectivity for selective movement of small biomolecules and play its role as an appropriate matrix very similar to the natural bone extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the properties and functionalization of gelatin-based polymer and its composite in the form of bone scaffolds fabricated primarily using lyophilization and electrospinning technique and their applications in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sudip Dasgupta
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Motloung MP, Mofokeng TG, Ray SS. Viscoelastic, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Processed Poly (ε-Caprolactone) (PCL)/Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:104. [PMID: 35009251 PMCID: PMC8746180 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites represent a novel material with desired properties for various applications. In this work, PCL/HAP composites at low loadings were developed through melt-extrusion processing. The effects of HAP loading on viscoelastic, thermal, structural, and mechanical properties of PCL were examined. The morphological analysis revealed better dispersion of HAP at low loadings, while aggregation was noticed at high concentrations. The complex viscosity of the prepared composites increased with increasing concentration of HAP. In addition, a significant decrease in crystallinity was observed upon increase in HAP loading. However, the elongation at break increased with increasing the concentration of HAP, probably due to a decrease in crystallinity. The onset thermal degradation temperature of PCL was enhanced at low concentrations of HAP, whereas a decrease was observed at high loading. Overall, different degrees of HAP dispersion resulted into specific property improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.P.M.); (T.G.M.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Tladi Gideon Mofokeng
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.P.M.); (T.G.M.)
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.P.M.); (T.G.M.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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10
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Banimohamad-Shotorbani B, Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh A, Mehdipour A, Jarolmasjed S, Shafaei H. The efficiency of PCL/HAp electrospun nanofibers in bone regeneration: a review. J Med Eng Technol 2021; 45:511-531. [PMID: 34251971 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2021.1893396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a method which produces various nanofiber scaffolds for different tissues was attractive for researchers. Nanofiber scaffolds could be made from several biomaterials and polymers. Quality and virtues of final scaffolds depend on used biomaterials (even about single substance, the origin is effective), additives (such as some molecules, ions, drugs, and inorganic materials), electrospinning parameter (voltage, injection speed, temperature, …), etc. In addition to its benefits, which makes it more attractive is the possibility of modifications. Common biomaterials in bone tissue engineering such as poly-caprolactone (PCL), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and their important features, electrospinning nanofibers were widely studied. Related investigations indicate the critical role of even small parameters (like the concentration of PCL or HAp) in final product properties. These changes also, cause deference in cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, and in vivo repair process. In this review was focussed on PCL/HAp based nanofibers and additives that researchers used for scaffold improvement. Then, reviewing properties of gained nanofibers, their effect on cell behaviour, and finally, their valency in bone tissue engineering studies (in vitro and in vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Banimohamad-Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedhosein Jarolmasjed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Sowmya B, Hemavathi AB, Panda PK. Poly (ε-caprolactone)-based electrospun nano-featured substrate for tissue engineering applications: a review. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:91-117. [PMID: 34075571 PMCID: PMC8271057 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of normal functioning of damaged body tissues is one of the major objectives of tissue engineering. Scaffolds are generally used as artificial supports and as substrates for regenerating new tissues and should closely mimic natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The materials used for fabricating scaffolds must be biocompatible, non-cytotoxic and bioabsorbable/biodegradable. For this application, specifically biopolymers such as PLA, PGA, PTMC, PCL etc. satisfying the above criteria are promising materials. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one such potential candidate which can be blended with other materials forming blends, copolymers and composites with the essential physiochemical and mechanical properties as per the requirement. Nanofibrous scaffolds are fabricated by various techniques such as template synthesis, fiber drawing, phase separation, self-assembly, electrospinning etc. Among which electrospinning is the most popular and versatile technique. It is a clean, simple, tunable and viable technique for fabrication of polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds. The design and fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are of intense research interest over the recent years. These scaffolds offer a unique architecture at nano-scale with desired porosity for selective movement of small molecules and form a suitable three-dimensional matrix similar to ECM. This review focuses on PCL synthesis, modifications, properties and scaffold fabrication techniques aiming at the targeted tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sowmya
- Materials Science Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, 560017, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - A B Hemavathi
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, 570 006, India
| | - P K Panda
- Materials Science Division, CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, 560017, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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Czarnecka K, Wojasiński M, Ciach T, Sajkiewicz P. Solution Blow Spinning of Polycaprolactone-Rheological Determination of Spinnability and the Effect of Processing Conditions on Fiber Diameter and Alignment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1463. [PMID: 33802725 PMCID: PMC8002481 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The growing popularity of solution blow spinning as a method for the production of fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds and the vast range of polymer-solvent systems available for the method raises the need to study the effect of processing conditions on fiber morphology and develop a method for its qualitative assessment. Rheological approaches to determine polymer solution spinnability and image analysis approaches to describe fiber diameter and alignment have been previously proposed, although in a separate manner and mostly for the widely known, well-researched electrospinning method. In this study, a series of methods is presented to determine the processing conditions for the development of submicron fibrous scaffolds. Rheological methods are completed with extensive image analysis to determine the spinnability window for a polymer-solvent system and qualitatively establish the influence of polymer solution concentration and collector rotational speed on fiber morphology, diameter, and alignment. Process parameter selection for a tissue engineering scaffold target application is discussed, considering the varying structural properties of the native extracellular matrix of the tissue of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czarnecka
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (T.C.)
- Warsaw University of Technology, CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Doyle SE, Henry L, McGennisken E, Onofrillo C, Bella CD, Duchi S, O’Connell CD, Pirogova E. Characterization of Polycaprolactone Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Tunable Degradability Suitable for Indirect Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:295. [PMID: 33477660 PMCID: PMC7831941 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoinductive properties compared to the single materials. However, producing three-dimensional (3D) structures with high HA content as well as tuneable degradability remains a challenge. To address this issue and create homogeneously distributed PCL-nanoHA (nHA) scaffolds with tuneable degradation rates through both PCL molecular weight and nHA concentration, we conducted a detailed characterisation and comparison of a range of PCL-nHA composites across three molecular weight PCLs (14, 45, and 80 kDa) and with nHA content up to 30% w/w. In general, the addition of nHA results in an increase of viscosity for the PCL-nHA composites but has little effect on their compressive modulus. Importantly, we observe that the addition of nHA increases the rate of degradation compared to PCL alone. We show that the 45 and 80 kDa PCL-nHA groups can be fabricated via indirect 3D printing and have homogenously distributed nHA even after fabrication. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the composite materials is evaluated for the 45 and 80 kDa groups, with the results showing no significant change in cell number compared to the control. In conclusion, our analyses unveil several features that are crucial for processing the composite material into a tissue engineered implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Doyle
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Lauren Henry
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Ellen McGennisken
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cathal D. O’Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
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14
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Toprak Ö, Topuz B, Monsef YA, Oto Ç, Orhan K, Karakeçili A. BMP-6 carrying metal organic framework-embedded in bioresorbable electrospun fibers for enhanced bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111738. [PMID: 33545881 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule carrier structures have attracted substantial interest owing to their potential utilizations in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, MOF-embedded electrospun fiber scaffold for the controlled release of BMP-6 was developed for the first time, to enrich bone regeneration efficacy. The scaffolds were achieved by first, one-pot rapid crystallization of BMP-6 encapsulated ZIF-8 nanocrystals-as a novel carrier for growth factor molecules- and then electrospinning of the blending solution composed of poly (ε-caprolactone) and BMP-6 encapsulated ZIF-8 nanocrystals. BMP-6 molecule encapsulation efficiency for ZIF-8 nanocrystals was calculated as 98%. The in-vitro studies showed that, the bioactivity of BMP-6 was preserved and the release lasted up to 30 days. The release kinetics fitted the Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibiting a pseudo-Fickian behavior. The in-vitro osteogenesis studies revealed the superior effect of sustained release of BMP-6 towards osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. In-vivo studies also revealed that the sustained slow release of BMP-6 was responsible for the generation of well-mineralized, new bone formation in a rat cranial defect. Our results proved that; MOF-carriers embedded in electrospun scaffolds can be used as an effective platform for bone regeneration in bone tissue engineering applications. The proposed approach can easily be adapted for various growth factor molecules for different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Toprak
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Topuz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yanad Abou Monsef
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Oto
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 06110 Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of DentoMaxillofacial Radiology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Karakeçili
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Effect of hydroxyapatite concentration and size on morpho-mechanical properties of PLA-based randomly oriented and aligned electrospun nanofibrous mats. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 101:103449. [PMID: 31563845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for nanofibrous biocomposites able to provide peculiar properties requires systematic investigations of processing-structure-property relationships. Understanding the morpho-mechanical properties of an electrospun scaffold as a function of the filler features and mat microstructure can aid in designing these systems. In this work, the reinforcing effect of micrometric and nanometric hydroxyapatite particles in polylactic acid-based electrospun scaffold presenting random and aligned fibers orientation, was evaluated. The particles incorporation was investigated trough Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance. The morphology of the nanofibers was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and it was correlated with the viscosity of polymeric solutions studied by rheological measurements. Scaffolds were mechanical characterized with tensile tests in order to find a correlation between the preparation method and the strength of the mats. The influence of hydroxyapatite particles on the crystallinity of the composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, cell culture assays with pre-osteoblatic cells were conducted on a selected composite scaffold in order to compare the cell proliferation and morphology with that of polylactic acid scaffolds. Based on the results, we can prove that polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composites can be one of the biomaterials with the greatest potential for bone tissue regeneration.
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16
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Multi-Functional Electrospun Nanofibers from Polymer Blends for Scaffold Tissue Engineering. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning and polymer blending have been the focus of research and the industry for their versatility, scalability, and potential applications across many different fields. In tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffolds composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both have been reported. This review reports recent advances in polymer blended scaffolds for tissue engineering and the fabrication of functional scaffolds by electrospinning. A brief theory of electrospinning and the general setup as well as modifications used are presented. Polymer blends, including blends with natural polymers, synthetic polymers, mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and nanofiller systems, are discussed in detail and reviewed.
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Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E590. [PMID: 30974820 PMCID: PMC6523566 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides review updates on the current development of bionanocomposites with polymeric matrices consisting of synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters reinforced with nanohydroxyaptite (nHA) and/or graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and copolymers of PLA-PGA (PLGA). Those bionanocomposites have been explored for making 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects since nHA and GO enhance their bioactivity and biocompatibility by promoting biomineralization, bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. The incorporation of nHA or GO into aliphatic polyester scaffolds also improves their mechanical strength greatly, especially hybrid GO/nHA nanofilllers. Those mechanically strong nanocomposite scaffolds can support and promote cell attachment for tissue growth. Porous scaffolds fabricated from conventional porogen leaching, and thermally induced phase separation have many drawbacks inducing the use of organic solvents, poor control of pore shape and pore interconnectivity, while electrospinning mats exhibit small pores that limit cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Recent advancement of 3D additive manufacturing allows the production of aliphatic polyester nanocomposite scaffolds with precisely controlled pore geometries and large pores for the cell attachment, growth, and differentiation in vitro, and the new bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Hou J, Wang Y, Xue H, Dou Y. Biomimetic Growth of Hydroxyapatite on Electrospun CA/PVP Core⁻Shell Nanofiber Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1032. [PMID: 30960957 PMCID: PMC6403539 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) core⁻shell nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning their homogeneous blending solution. Uniform and cylindrical nanofibers were obtained when the PVP content increased from 0 to 2 wt %. Because of the concentration gradient associated with the solvent volatilization, the composite fibers flattened when the PVP increased to 5 wt %. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the existence of a hydrogen bond between the CA and PVP molecules, which enhanced the thermodynamic properties of the CA/PVP nanofibers, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. To analyze the interior structure of the CA/PVP fibers, the water-soluble PVP was selectively removed by immersing the fiber membranes in deionized water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the PVP component, which has a low surface tension, was driven to the exterior of the fiber to form a discontinuous phase, whereas the high-content CA component inclined to form the internal continuous phase, thereby generating a core⁻shell structure. After the water-treatment, the CA/PVP composite fibers provided more favorable conditions for mineral crystal deposition and growth. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and FTIR proved that the crystal was hydroxyapatite (HAP) and that the calcium to phosphorus ratio was 1.47, which was close to the theoretical value of 1.67 in HAP. Such nanofiber membranes could be potentially applicable in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Hou
- Key laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Yihuan Wang
- Key laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Hailong Xue
- Key laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Yanli Dou
- Key laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
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Li H, Ding Q, Chen X, Huang C, Jin X, Ke Q. A facile method for fabricating nano/microfibrous three-dimensional scaffold with hierarchically porous to enhance cell infiltration. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Q. Ding
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - X. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - C. Huang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - X. Jin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Q. Ke
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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