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Avelino F, de Andrade Felipe VT, Dias MT, de Novais LMR, D'Oca CDRM, Neto FPM, Soares AK, Magalhães WLE, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. Unraveling the structural aspects of microwave-assisted OrganoCat-based coconut shell lignins: An eco-friendly route for obtaining bio-based antioxidants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133349. [PMID: 38925179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
New routes for biomass valorization have been developing by the scientific community. The aim of this work was developing a novel OrganoCat-based protocol and deeply understand the structure of the obtained lignins. Microwave-assisted OrganoCat-based process was performed using a biphasic system (ethyl acetate and oxalic acid or HCl) at mild conditions. OrganoCat-based lignins (OCLs) were characterized by compositional analysis, FTIR, 1H, 13C, 1H13C HSQC, 31P NMR, TGA and GPC. The solubility of OCLs in different organic solvents and their antioxidant capacity against DPPH were investigated. The spectroscopic analyses showed that OCLs have high residual extractives and the lignin motifs were preserved. OCLs have presented lower thermal stability than MWL, but showed great antioxidant activities and high solubility in a wide range of organic solvents. A novel biorefinery protocol yielded coconut shell lignins with peculiar structural and compositional features and several technological applications through an eco-friendly, sustainable and relatively low-cost biphasic pulping process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Avelino
- Department of Research, Extension and Production, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, 63503-790 Iguatu, CE, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Taveira de Andrade Felipe
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, 61939-140, Maracanaú, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira Dias
- Department of Research, Extension and Production, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, 63503-790 Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aline Krolow Soares
- NMR Lab, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Forestry, 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Selma E Mazzetto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Kim JO, An G, Choi JH. Protective effect of mixture of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum and Chaenomeles sinensis against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in human fibroblast and hairless mouse. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1715-1725. [PMID: 38623430 PMCID: PMC11016041 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin photoaging, characterized by collagen degradation and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a major concern caused by UVB irradiation. In this study, we investigated the potential of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum extract (ASE) and Chaenomeles sinensis (CSE) extracts to mitigate the effects of UVB-induced photodamage in human fibroblast and hairless mice. Water extracts of AS (ASE) and CS (CSE) were found to inhibit the expression of MMP-1/-3 in vitro. Furthermore, the extract of mixture of AS and CS (ACE) showed more potent inhibitor effect, as compared to ASE and CSE. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, oral administration of ACE effectively reduced wrinkle formation, skin roughness, and epidermal thickness while promoting the deposition of collagenous fibers. These results indicate that ACE has the potential to protect against skin photoaging by restoring the impaired skin via downregulation of MMP-1/-3 expression and secretion. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of ACE in mitigating skin photoaging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01462-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ok Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
| | - Gami An
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
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3
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Xu R, Kuang M, Li N. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants in the genus Chaenomeles. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:825-854. [PMID: 38062238 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chaenomeles plants belong to the Rosaceae family and include five species, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne, Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) Schneid and Chaenomeles thibetica Yu. Chaenomeles plants are found and cultivated in nearly every country worldwide. China serves as both the origin and distribution hub for the plants in the Chaenomeles genus, and all Chaenomeles species except for C. japonica are indigenous to China. Chaenomeles spp. is a type of edible medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in China to treat various ailments, such as rheumatism, cholera, dysentery, enteritis, beriberi, and scurvy. A variety of chemical constituents have been extracted from this genus, including terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, biphenyls, oxylipins, and alkaloids. The biological activity of some of these constituents has already been evaluated. Pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that the plants in the genus Chaenomeles exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, gastrointestinal protective, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and other pharmacological activities. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the available information on the genus Chaenomeles to serve as a valuable reference for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoling Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mengting Kuang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ning Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Wang WY, Gao JH, Qin Z, Liu HM. Structural variation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) in Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruit as it ripens. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:26-35. [PMID: 36336153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruits are rich in lignin, and too sour, astringent and woody to be eaten raw. More than 50 % of lignin in plant cell walls is covalently associated with carbohydrates to form lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). In this study, LCC preparations were extracted from fruits harvested on the 15th day of the month from May-October 2019. A variety of chemical and instrumental analytical approaches were used to characterize the LCC fractions, including HPAEC, TGA, GPC, FT-IR, and 2D HSQC NMR. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assays. Results showed that the LCC fractions from October fruits had better thermal stability and homogeneity. NMR results revealed that the lignin-lignin linkages in LCC-AcOH preparations included β-O-4', β-β' and β-5', but β-5' linkages were not present in LCC preparations. And the NMR signals of carbohydrate confirmed the presence of lignin-pectin complexes, which was consistent with sugar analysis. All LCC preparations showed good antioxidant activity, among which Björkman LCC from October fruits showed best. This study will facilitate understanding the chemical bonds of LCC macromolecules in the plant cell wall. More specifically, it provides information critical for specific industrial applications of quince fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing-Hao Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Lu X, Gu X, Shi Y. A review on lignin antioxidants: Their sources, isolations, antioxidant activities and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:716-741. [PMID: 35526770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer obtained from agricultural/forestry residues or paper pulping wastewater, is rich in aromatic structure, which is central to its adoption as a candidate to natural antioxidants. Through insight into its structural features from biomass, different functional groups would influence lignin antioxidant activity, wherein phenolic content is the most important factor, hence massive studies have focused on its improvement via different pretreatments and post-processing methods. Besides, lignin nanoparticles and chemical modifications are also efficient methods to improve antioxidant activity via increasing free content and decreasing bond dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl. Lignin samples exhibit comparable radicals scavenging ability to commercial ones, showing their potential as renewable alternatives of synthesized antioxidants. Besides, their applications have also been discussed, which demonstrates lignin potential as an inexpensive antioxidant additive and consequent improvements on multiple functionalities. This review is dedicated to summarize lignin antioxidants extracted from biomass resources, methods to improve their antioxidant activity and their applications, which is beneficial for realizing lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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6
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Cheng XC, Guo XR, Qin Z, Liu HM, He JR, Wang XD. Sequential aqueous acetone fractionation and characterization of Brauns native lignin separated from Chinese quince fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:67-74. [PMID: 34995661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, especially Brauns native lignin (BNL), from Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruit represents a potential source of natural antioxidants. However, the highly inhomogeneous structure and the carbohydrate impurity reduce the antioxidant properties of BNL. Accordingly, a sequential aqueous acetone fractionation was used to prepare pure lignin fractions with homogeneous molecular structures; these fractions showed strong antioxidant properties. Analytical results showed that the yields of F50% and F60% exceeded 20% (i.e., 20.6% and 24.1%, respectively). The sugar impurities in BNL were mainly retained in the F30% and F40% fractions. For all fractions, molecular weight increased as the acetone concentration increased. The results from 2D HSQC NMR and 31P NMR indicated that the number of lignin linkages (β-O-4', β-β' and β-5') and functional groups (S-OH, G-OH, H-OH, and COOH) of these fractions varied with their molecular weights. Antioxidant assays showed that F40%, F50% and F60% had higher antioxidant properties than BNL. Overall, the study provides a simple, environmentally friendly fractionation method to prepare lignin with various structural features and strong antioxidant properties from Chinese quince fruit. These lignin fractions have promising application in some fields with high value, such as antioxidants production, biomaterials, packaging materials, and drug delivery and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chuang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin-Ran Guo
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jing-Ren He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Special Oilseed Processing and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Kumar A, Biswas B, Kaur R, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Hydrothermal oxidative valorisation of lignin into functional chemicals: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126016. [PMID: 34582987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a waste by-product of bio-refineries and paper-pulp industries. It has an attractive potential to produce numerous valuable chemicals due to its highly aromatic character. At present, large amount of lignin is burnt as a source of energy due to lack of suitable efficient lignin valorisation processes. The challenge exists in handling its complex heterogeneous structure and bond breaking at selective locations. The production of high value chemicals/petrochemical feedstocks will improve the economic viability of a bio-refinery. Oxidative depolymerization is a promising way to produce functional compounds from lignin. The aim of the current review is to present the novel methodologies currently used in the area of lignin oxidative depolymerization including effect of temperature, residence time, solvent, oxidizing agents, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis etc. It aims to present an insight into the structure of lignin and its breakdown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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8
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Cheng XC, Cui XY, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD, Liu YL. Effect of drying pretreatment methods on structural features and antioxidant activities of Brauns native lignin extracted from Chinese quince fruit. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tailored organosolv banana peels lignins: Improved thermal, antioxidant and antimicrobial performances by controlling process parameters. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:241-252. [PMID: 33781810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing environmental concern in the world for replacing the traditional petroleum-based products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the structure - property relationship of banana peel lignins (BPLs) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents by controlling the parameters of organosolv process. The milled banana peel was hydrolyzed using an aqueous acetic acid solution (70, 80 and 90% v/v) and 2.0% v/v HCl at 110 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h. BPLs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 1H13C HSQC, 31P NMR, GPC and TGA. The antioxidant capacity of BPLs was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays, comparing their performance with that of ascorbic and gallic acid. The antimicrobial activity of BPLs was evaluated against E. coli. The reaction time and acetic acid/water ratio had significant effects on the yield and purity of BPLs. The composition of organosolv solution also affected their total amount of hydroxyls (0.71-0.82 mmol g-1), Mw (2759-3954 g mol-1), Tonset (232-254 °C), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It can be concluded that the control of organosolv parameters can be a useful tool for tuning the structural features of lignins and to maximize their performance.
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Extraction of lignin from Chinese quince fruit by acetic acid solution at above atmospheric pressure: Yield distribution, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang WY, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD, Gao JH, Qin GY. Structural Changes in Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) of Chinese Quince ( Chaenomeles sinensis) Fruit Subjected to Subcritical Water Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:E398. [PMID: 33451119 PMCID: PMC7828612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcritical water treatment has received considerable attention due to its cost effectiveness and environmentally friendly properties. In this investigation, Chinese quince fruits were submitted to subcritical water treatment (130, 150, and 170 °C), and the influence of treatments on the structure of milled wood lignin (MWL) was evaluated. Structural properties of these lignin samples (UL, L130, L150, and L170) were investigated by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), TGA, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) -NMR, and 31P-NMR. The carbohydrate analysis showed that xylose in the samples increased significantly with higher temperature, and according to molecular weight and thermal analysis, the MWLs of the pretreated residues have higher thermal stability with increased molecular weight. The spectra of 2D-NMR and 31P-NMR demonstrated that the chemical linkages in the MWLs were mainly β-O-4' ether bonds, β-5' and β-β', and the units were principally G- S- H- type with small amounts of ferulic acids; these results are consistent with the results of Py-GC/MS analysis. It is believed that understanding the structural changes in MWL caused by subcritical water treatment will contribute to understanding the mechanism of subcritical water extraction, which in turn will provide a theoretical basis for developing the technology of subcritical water extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Jing-Hao Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Guang-Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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Cheng XC, Guo XR, Qin Z, Wang XD, Liu HM, Liu YL. Structural features and antioxidant activities of Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruits lignin during auto-catalyzed ethanol organosolv pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4348-4358. [PMID: 32931830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chinese quince fruits (Chaenomeles sinensis) have an abundance of lignins with antioxidant activities. To facilitate the utilization of Chinese quince fruits, lignin was isolated from it by auto-catalyzed ethanol organosolv pretreatment. The effects of three processing conditions (temperature, time, and ethanol concentration) on yield, structural features and antioxidant activities of the auto-catalyzed ethanol organosolv lignin samples were assessed individually. Results showed the pretreatment temperature was the most significant factor; it affected the molecular weight, S/G ratio, number of β-O-4' linkages, thermal stability, and antioxidant activities of lignin samples. According to the GPC analyses, the molecular weight of lignin samples had a negative correlation with pretreatment temperature. 2D-HSQC NMR and Py-GC/MS results revealed that the S/G ratios of lignin samples increased with temperature, while total phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin samples decreased. The structural characterization clearly indicated that the various pretreatment conditions affected the structures of organosolv lignin, which further resulted in differences in the antioxidant activities of the lignin samples. These results can be helpful for controlling and optimizing delignification during auto-catalyzed ethanol organosolv pretreatment, and they provide theoretical support for the potential applications of Chinese quince fruits lignin as a natural antioxidant in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chuang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin-Ran Guo
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Environmentally Friendly Synthesis: Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Bacteria Inactivation Using Ag/f-MWCNTs Composite. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zhao F, Wang P, Lucardi RD, Su Z, Li S. Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E35. [PMID: 31935944 PMCID: PMC7020479 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol or 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-DTBP) is a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by various groups of organisms. The biosources and bioactivities of 2,4-DTBP have been well investigated, but the phenol has not been systematically reviewed. This article provides a comprehensive review of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs with emphasis on natural sources and bioactivities. 2,4-DTBP has been found in at least 169 species of bacteria (16 species, 10 families), fungi (11 species, eight families), diatom (one species, one family), liverwort (one species, one family), pteridiphyta (two species, two families), gymnosperms (four species, one family), dicots (107 species, 58 families), monocots (22 species, eight families), and animals (five species, five families). 2,4-DTBP is often a major component of violate or essential oils and it exhibits potent toxicity against almost all testing organisms, including the producers; however, it is not clear why organisms produce autotoxic 2,4-DTBP and its analogs. The accumulating evidence indicates that the endocidal regulation seems to be the primary function of the phenols in the producing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
| | - Rima D. Lucardi
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Zushang Su
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
| | - Shiyou Li
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
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Peng R, Pang Y, Qiu X, Qian Y, Zhou M. Synthesis of anti-photolysis lignin-based dispersant and its application in pesticide suspension concentrate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13830-13837. [PMID: 35492971 PMCID: PMC9051638 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the formulation of pesticide Suspension Concentrate (SC), some photosensitive pesticides are easily decomposed in the preparation. In this study, a hindered amine modified lignosulfonate (SL-Temp) with anti-photolysis function was synthesized using 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (Temp) and Sodium Lignosulfonate (SL) to solve this problem. The obtained SL-Temp was used as a dispersant to prepare 5% SC of avermectin, which shows good physical stability. The decomposition rate of the avermectin in SC after accelerating hot storage is 0%, which is much lower than 6.1% when SL was used as the dispersant. After being exposed to UV irradiation for 60 hours, the highest retention rate of avermectin is 87.1% when SL-Temp was used as the dispersant, which is much higher than 73.6% when SL was used as the dispersant, and also higher than 76.3% when a small molecule antioxidant (BHT) was added to the formulation. QCM-D studies revealed that the SL-Temp adsorption layer on avermectin particles can compete to absorb partial ultraviolet rays, hinder the penetration of ultraviolet light, and scavenge the free radicals produced by photooxidation, so as to protect avermectin from degradation. Hindered amine grafted lignosulfonate was synthesized and used as functional dispersant in suspension concentrate of photosensitive pesticide avermectin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Mingsong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
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Tailor-made organosolv lignins from coconut wastes: Effects of green solvents in microwave-assisted processes upon their structure and antioxidant activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qin Z, Liu HM, Cheng XC, Wang XD. Effect of drying pretreatment methods on structure and properties of pectins extracted from Chinese quince fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:801-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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