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Liu Y, Wen Z, Huang Z, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lai S, Chen S, Zhou Y. Liquid Phase Graphene Exfoliation with a Vibration-Based Acoustofluidic Effector. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1718. [PMID: 37763883 PMCID: PMC10534619 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) has emerged as a promising method for the industrial-scale production of graphene. However, one of its critical steps, namely sonication, has faced challenges due to high power consumption and low efficiency, leading to limited applicability in industrial settings. This study introduces a novel, cost-effective microfluidic sonication device designed to significantly reduce power consumption while efficiently assisting the LPE process for graphene production. By coupling a capillary with a buzzer and applying an appropriate electric signal, simulation and particle tracing experiments reveal the generation of robust shear forces resulting from acoustic streaming and cavitation when the capillary end is immersed in the liquid. For the first time, the capillary-based sonication device was effectively utilized for graphene exfoliation in a DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) + NaOH liquid phase system. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and Raman characterization results corroborate the successful exfoliation of 100 nm with thicknesses below 10 nm graphene sheets from graphite flakes using this pioneering device. The values of I2D/IG increase after processing, which suggests the exfoliation of graphite flakes into thinner graphene sheets. The vibration-based acoustofluidic effector represents a versatile and scalable miniature device, capable of being employed individually for small-batch production, thereby optimizing the utilization of raw 2D materials, particularly in experimental scenarios. Alternatively, it holds the potential for large-scale manufacturing through extensive parallelization, offering distinct advantages in terms of cost-efficiency and minimal power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (S.C.)
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2
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Podbevšek D, Ledoux G, Dular M. Investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation induced reactive oxygen species production in microchannels via chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118628. [PMID: 35640501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation was evaluated for its reactive oxygen species production in several convergent-divergent microchannel at the transition from micro to milli scale. Channel widths and heights were systematically varied to study the influence of geometrical parameters at the transitory scale. A photomultiplier tube was used for time-resolved photon detection and monitoring of the chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions, allowing for a contactless and in situ quantization of reactive oxygen species production in the channels. The radical production rates at various flow parameters were evaluated, showing an optimal yield per flow rate exists in the observed geometrical range. While cavitation cloud shedding was the prevailing regime in this type of channels, the photon arrival time analysis allowed for an investigation of the cavitation structure dynamics and their contribution to the chemical yield, revealing that radical production is not linked to the synchronous cavitation cloud collapse events. Instead, individual bubble collapses occurring throughout the cloud formation were recognized to be the source of the reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Seyedmirzaei Sarraf S, Rokhsar Talabazar F, Namli I, Maleki M, Sheibani Aghdam A, Gharib G, Grishenkov D, Ghorbani M, Koşar A. Fundamentals, biomedical applications and future potential of micro-scale cavitation-a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2237-2258. [PMID: 35531747 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the developments in the area of microfluidics, the cavitation-on-a-chip concept enabled researchers to control and closely monitor the cavitation phenomenon in micro-scale. In contrast to conventional scale, where cavitation bubbles are hard to be steered and manipulated, lab-on-a-chip devices provide suitable platforms to conduct smart experiments and design reliable devices to carefully harness the collapse energy of cavitation bubbles in different bio-related and industrial applications. However, bubble behavior deviates to some extent when confined to micro-scale geometries in comparison to macro-scale. Therefore, fundamentals of micro-scale cavitation deserve in-depth investigations. In this review, first we discussed the physics and fundamentals of cavitation induced by tension-based as well as energy deposition-based methods within microfluidic devices and discussed the similarities and differences in micro and macro-scale cavitation. We then covered and discussed recent developments in bio-related applications of micro-scale cavitation chips. Lastly, current challenges and future research directions towards the implementation of micro-scale cavitation phenomenon to emerging applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedali Seyedmirzaei Sarraf
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farzad Rokhsar Talabazar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Namli
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammadamin Maleki
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Araz Sheibani Aghdam
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dmitry Grishenkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Marzana M, Morsada Z, Faruk MO, Ahmed A, Khan MMA, Jalil MA, Hossain MM, Rahman MM. Nanostructured Carbons: towards Soft-Bioelectronics, Biosensing and Theraputic Applications. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100319. [PMID: 35189015 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanostructured carbon-based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Marzana
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | - Zinnat Morsada
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of South Asia, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Abbas Ahmed
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Md Manirul Alam Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Mohammad Abdul Jalil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Milon Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Mohammed Muzibur Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Rokhsar Talabazar F, Jafarpour M, Zuvin M, Chen H, Gevari MT, Villanueva LG, Grishenkov D, Koşar A, Ghorbani M. Design and fabrication of a vigorous "cavitation-on-a-chip" device with a multiple microchannel configuration. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 34567757 PMCID: PMC8433160 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is one of the major phase change phenomena and occurs with a sudden decrease in the local static pressure within a fluid. With the emergence of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), high-speed microfluidic devices have attracted considerable attention and been implemented in many fields, including cavitation applications. In this study, a new generation of 'cavitation-on-a-chip' devices with eight parallel structured microchannels is proposed. This new device is designed with the motivation of decreasing the upstream pressure (input energy) required for facile hydrodynamic cavitation inception. Water and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microbubble (MB) suspension are used as the working fluids. The results show that the cavitation inception upstream pressure can be reduced with the proposed device in comparison with previous studies with a single flow restrictive element. Furthermore, using PVA MBs further results in a reduction in the upstream pressure required for cavitation inception. In this new device, different cavitating flow patterns with various intensities can be observed at a constant cavitation number and fixed upstream pressure within the same device. Moreover, cavitating flows intensify faster in the proposed device for both water and the water-PVA MB suspension in comparison to previous studies. Due to these features, this next-generation 'cavitation-on-a-chip' device has a high potential for implementation in applications involving microfluidic/organ-on-a-chip devices, such as integrated drug release and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rokhsar Talabazar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mohammad Jafarpour
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Merve Zuvin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moein Talebian Gevari
- Division of Solid State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Grishenkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
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Jafarpour M, Aghdam AS, Gevari MT, Koşar A, Bayazıt MK, Ghorbani M. An ecologically friendly process for graphene exfoliation based on the "hydrodynamic cavitation on a chip" concept. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17965-17975. [PMID: 35480190 PMCID: PMC9033250 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous research efforts have recently focused on the synthesis of graphene from graphitic materials, while environmental issues, scalability, and cost are some of the major challenges to be surmounted. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphene is one of the principal methods for this synthesis. Nevertheless, sufficient information about the mechanisms of exfoliation has yet to emerge. Here, a microreactor based on the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) on a chip concept is introduced to exfoliate graphite in a totally green process which involves only natural graphite flakes and water. HC-treated graphitic materials were characterized by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses. The present sustainable reactor system was found to exfoliate thick and large graphite particles to nano-sized sheets (∼1.2 nm) with a lateral size of ∼500 nm to 5 μm. LPE of graphene with a hydrodynamic cavitation microreactor is a totally green process which involves only natural graphite flakes and water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafarpour
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Araz Sheibani Aghdam
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Moein Talebian Gevari
- Division of Solid State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University 75237 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ali Koşar
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Bayazıt
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center 34956 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla Istanbul Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-141 57 Stockholm Sweden
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7
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Podbevšek D, Colombet D, Ayela F, Ledoux G. Localization and quantification of radical production in cavitating flows with luminol chemiluminescent reactions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105370. [PMID: 33130383 PMCID: PMC7786609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation experiments in microfluidic systems have been performed with an aqueous solution of luminol as the working fluid. In order to identify where and how much reactive radical species are formed by the violent bubble collapse, the resulting chemiluminescent oxidation reaction of luminol was scrutinized downstream of a constriction in the microchannel. An original method was developed in order to map the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted from the micro-flow, allowing us to localize the region where radicals are produced. Time averaged void fraction measurements performed by laser induced fluorescence experiments were also used to determine the cavitation cloud position. The combination void fraction and chemiluminescence two-dimensional mapping demonstrated that the maximum chemiluminescent intensity area was found just downstream of the cavitation clouds. Furthermore, the radical yield can be obtained with our single photon counting technique. The maximum radical production rates of 1.2*107 OH/s and radical production per processed liquid volume of 2.15*1010 HO/l were observed. The proposed technique allows for two-dimensional characterisation of radical production in the microfluidic flow and could be a quick, non-intrusive way to optimise hydrodynamic cavitation reactor design and operating parameters, leading to enhancements in wastewater treatments and other process intensifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Damien Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Khanam Z, Liu J, Song S. Flexible graphene paper electrode prepared via polyvinyl alcohol-assisted shear-exfoliation for all-solid-state polymer supercapacitor application. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, there has been increasing interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. To realize practical applications of 2D materials, it is essential to isolate mono- or few-layered 2D nanosheets from unexfoliated counterparts. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) is the most common technique to produce atomically thin-layered 2D nanosheets. However, low production yield and prolonged process time remain key challenges. Recently, novel exfoliation processes based on microfluidics have been developed to achieve rapid and high yield production of few-layer 2D nanosheets. We review the primary types of microfluidic-based exfoliation techniques in terms of the underlying process mechanisms and the applications of the 2D nanosheets thus produced. The key challenges and future directions are discussed in the above context to delineate future research directions in this exciting area of materials processing.
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Xu QQ, Zhi JT, Zhu HY, Qi JL, Yin JZ, Wang ZG, Wang QB. The production of graphene using impinging jet exfoliation in a binary system of CO 2 and N-methyl pyrrolidone. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:265601. [PMID: 32163939 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7f7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High quality and high quantity few-layer graphene was successfully prepared using a new impinging jet method. Natural graphite flakes were first agitated in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with the assistance of supercritical CO2, then the half-exfoliated graphite was further stripped using the shear stress derived from the impinging jets. After the energy conversion and stress analysis of the graphite particles during the whole exfoliation process, it was revealed that the size of the target mesh, the distance between the nozzle and the target, the decompression rate, and the size of the raw materials had a significant influence on the exfoliation process. Additionally, a microscopic view of the exfoliation and dispersion mechanism of graphene in the CO2-NMP system was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation, and CO2 was found to be beneficial for the penetration of NMP into the graphite sheets. Finally, the concentration and quality characteristics of the prepared graphene were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The maximum concentration was as high as 0.689 mg ml-1, the thickness of 68% of the product was less than 2.5 nm, and the lateral dimension was from 0.5 to 3.0 μm. These results indicate that this impinging jet method is promising for large-scale industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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