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Peroutka AA, Wang X, Servis MJ, Shafer JC. Influence of Aqueous Phase Acidity on Ln(III) Coordination by N, N, N', N'-Tetraoctyldiglycolamide. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10466-10470. [PMID: 38768519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the importance of combining distribution ratio measurements with multiple spectroscopic techniques to provide a more comprehensive understanding of organic phase Ln coordination chemistry. Solvent extraction investigations with N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) in n-heptane reveal the sensitivity of Ln complexation to the HNO3 concentration. Distribution ratio measurements in tandem with UV-Vis demonstrated that increasing the concentration of HNO3 above 0.5 M with a constant NO3- of 1 M increases the number of coordinating TODGA molecules, from a 1:2 to a 1:3 Ln:TODGA complex. At each concentration of HNO3 considered herein (from 0.01 to 1 M), Eu lifetime analysis demonstrated no evidence of H2O coordination. Results from Fourier transform infrared investigations suggest the presence of inner-sphere NO3- under low concentrations of HNO3 when the 1:2 Ln:TODGA complex is present. Increasing the HNO3 concentration above 0.5 M increases the propensity for outer-sphere interactions by removing the coordinated NO3- and saturating the Ln coordination sphere with three TODGA molecules, resulting in the well-established cationic, trischelate homoleptic [Ln(TODGA)3]3+ complex. This work demonstrates the importance in considering the NO3- source for solvent extraction systems. In particular, for systems with an affinity for outer-sphere interactions with molar concentrations of HNO3, changing the NO3- source can change the inner-sphere coordination of the Ln complex, which, in turn, affects the separation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Peroutka
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael J Servis
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jenifer C Shafer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Rout A, Ramanathan N. Extraction and Selective Separation of Zr IV from Ln III/An III Using an Undiluted Phosphonium Ionic Liquid. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300406. [PMID: 37947367 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Solvent extraction of Zr(IV) in an undiluted phosphonium based ionic liquid (IL) and its selective separation from Ln(III) and An(III) has been investigated in the present study. Eu(III)/Am(III) were chosen as the representative Ln(III)/An(III). Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium nitrate ([P66614][NO3]) was chosen as IL phase and the feed phase was nitric acid containing the target metal ions. The extraction process was accomplished at different experimental parameters such as the concentration of initial nitric acid, initial feed metal concentration and equilibration time to explore the extractability of the proposed IL towards Zr(IV). The efficient extraction of Zr(IV) without any external ligand in IL phase and negligible extraction of Eu(III)/Am(III) were distinctly discerned leading to noteworthy separation factors for Zr(IV). The loading experiment revealed a noticeable growth of equilibrium concentrations of Zr(IV) in IL phase while that of Eu(III) was very less irrespective of the initial feed concentration. The association of two IL moieties in the complex formation process has been inferred. Nitrate ion was found to be superior as IL anion in terms of metal loading in comparison to other anions. Thermodynamics of extraction and the stripping of the loaded Zr(IV) from IL phase using a suitable stripping solution have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Rout
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
| | - Nagarajan Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Uysal A. Aqueous Interfaces in Chemical Separations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37917551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical separations play a vital role in refinery and reprocessing of critical materials, such as platinum group metals, rare earths, and actinides. The choice of separation system─whether it is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), sorbents, or membranes─depends on specific needs and applications. In almost all separation processes, the desired metal ions adsorb or transfer across an aqueous interface, such as the solid/liquid interface in sorbents or oil/water interfaces in LLE. Despite these separation technologies being extensively used for decades, our understanding of the molecular-scale mechanisms governing ion adsorption and transport at interfaces remains limited. This knowledge gap presents a significant challenge in meeting the increasing demands for these critical materials due to their growing use in advanced technologies. Fortunately, recent advancements in surface-specific experimental and computational techniques offer promising avenues to bridge this gap and facilitate the development of next-generation separation systems. Interestingly, unanswered questions regarding interfacial phenomena in chemical separations hold great relevance to various fields, including energy storage, geochemistry, and atmospheric chemistry. Therefore, the model interfacial systems developed for studying chemical separations, such as amphiphilic molecules assembled at a solid/water, air/water, or oil/water interface, may have far-reaching implications, extending beyond separations and opening doors to addressing a wide range of scientific inquiries. This perspective discusses recent interfacial studies elucidating amphiphile-ion interactions in chemical separations of metal ions. These studies provide direct, molecular-scale information about solute and solvent behavior at aqueous interfaces, including multivalent and complex ions in highly concentrated solutions, which play key roles in LLE of critical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uysal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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4
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Gradwohl A, Windisch J, Weissensteiner M, Keppler BK, Kandioller W, Jirsa F. Extraction of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions using the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24899-24908. [PMID: 37608797 PMCID: PMC10440728 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The task-specific ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate has been described as a suitable extraction agent for numerous metals from aqueous phases, while additionally providing reduced leaching into the used matrices. Here, we investigate the extraction properties of this extractant towards rare earth elements. Of these, La, Ce, Nd, Ho und Lu were chosen as a representative mix of light and heavy elements. Single- as well as double-element extractions were carried out under varying conditions regarding pH, temperature and extraction time. The highest extraction efficacies and minimalized precipitation of the respective metals were recorded at a pH of 2.5. Satisfactory extraction efficacies (>80%) were achieved already after 6 hours for the elements Ce, Nd and Lu in single-element extraction experiments at room temperature. Increased temperatures improved the extraction efficacy for Nd from 36% at 20 °C to 80% at 30 °C after only 2 hours. Surprisingly, this effect was not observed for Ce in single-element experiments. In double-element feed solutions containing both Ce and Nd, however, the time-dependant extraction efficacy of Ce mirrored that of Nd. The pH in the aqueous extraction matrix changed during the extraction, showing a positive correlation with the extraction efficacy and revealing the extraction mechanism to be via anion exchange. The leaching was in good agreement with literature values, showed a positive correlation with extraction efficacies, and ranged for all extractions between 0.8 and 1.2%. Remarkably, increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 30 °C had no significant influence on leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gradwohl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Jakob Windisch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Matthias Weissensteiner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 Vienna 1090 Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
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Wang SL, Yuan WL, Zhao Y, Cheng KL, Tao GH, He L. Low-melting multicharge ionic liquids with [Ln(NO 3) 5] 2- (Ln = Ho-Lu): structural, electrostatic, thermochemical, and fluorescence properties. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37327005 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of green and safe heavy-rare-earth ionic liquids were obtained using a straightforward method. The stable structures of these ionic liquids, characterized by high-coordinating anions, were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). These ionic liquids exhibited wide liquid phase intervals and excellent thermal stability. The bidentate nitrato ligands occupied a sufficient number of coordination sites on the lanthanide ions, resulting in the formation of water-free 10-coordination structures. To explain the anomalous melting points observed in these multi-charged ionic liquids, a combination of experimental data and theoretical studies was employed to investigate the relationship between the electrostatic properties and the melting point. The electrostatic potential density per unit ion surface and volume were proposed and utilized for melting point prediction, demonstrating good linearity. Furthermore, the coordinating spheres of the lanthanide ions in these ionic liquids were devoid of luminescence quenchers such as O-H and N-H groups. Notably, the ionic liquids containing Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+ exhibited long lifetime near-infrared (NIR) and blue emissions, respectively. The UV-vis-NIR spectra revealed numerous electronic transitions of the lanthanide ions, which were attributed to their unique optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Long Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Wen-Li Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Kun-Lun Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Guo-Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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Zhang J, Chen N, Morozova V, Voznyy O, Azimi G. Investigating Metal-Tributyl Phosphate Complexes during Supercritical Fluid Extraction of the NdFeB Magnet Using Density Functional Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7689-7702. [PMID: 37154778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) is gaining significant interest as a green technology for the recycling of end-of-life waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets, which contain large quantities of critical rare-earth elements such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium, are widely used in wind turbines and electric/hybrid vehicles. Hence, they are considered a promising secondary resource for these elements when they reach their end-of-life. Previously, the SCFE process was developed for recycling WEEE, including NdFeB; however, the process mechanism remains unexplored. Here, density functional theory, followed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses, are utilized to determine the structural coordination and interatomic interactions of complexes formed during the SCFE of the NdFeB magnet. The results indicate that Fe(II), Fe(III), and Nd(III) form Fe(NO3)2(TBP)2, Fe(NO3)3(TBP)2, and Nd(NO3)3(TBP)3 complexes, respectively. This theory-guided investigation elucidates the complexation chemistry and mechanism during the SCFE process by rigorously determining the structural models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Zhang
- Laboratory for Strategic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ning Chen
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Valeria Morozova
- Clean Energy Lab, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Clean Energy Lab, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Gisele Azimi
- Laboratory for Strategic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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7
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Summers TJ, Sobrinho JA, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Kelly SD, Fulton JL, Cantu DC. Solution Structures of Europium Terpyridyl Complexes with Nitrate and Triflate Counterions in Acetonitrile. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5207-5218. [PMID: 36940386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-ligand complexes are key components of technological applications, and their properties depend on their structures in the solution phase, which are challenging to resolve experimentally or computationally. The coordination structure of the Eu3+ ion in different coordination environments in acetonitrile is examined using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. AIMD simulations are conducted for the solvated Eu3+ ion in acetonitrile, both with or without a terpyridyl ligand, and in the presence of either triflate or nitrate counterions. EXAFS spectra are calculated directly from AIMD simulations and then compared to experimentally measured EXAFS spectra. In acetonitrile solution, both nitrate and triflate anions are shown to coordinate directly to the Eu3+ ion forming either ten- or eight-coordinate solvent complexes where the counterions are binding as bidentate or monodentate structures, respectively. Coordination of a terpyridyl ligand to the Eu3+ ion limits the available binding sites for the solvent and anions. In certain cases, the terpyridyl ligand excludes any solvent binding and limits the number of coordinated anions. The solution structure of the Eu-terpyridyl complex with nitrate counterions is shown to have a similar arrangement of Eu3+ coordinating molecules as the crystal structure. This study illustrates how a combination of AIMD and EXAFS can be used to determine how ligands, solvent, and counterions coordinate with the lanthanide ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Summers
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
| | - Josiane A Sobrinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | | | - Shelly D Kelly
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
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8
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Yakunin SN, Novikova NN, Rogachev AV, Trigub AL, Kuzmicheva GM, Stepina ND, Rozenberg OA, Yurieva EA, Kovalchuk MV. Spectral-Selective X-Ray Studies at the “Langmuir” Beamline of the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Rout A, Kumar S, Ramanathan N. Effect of TBP on the Coordination Process of Eu(III) with T2EHDGA: A Luminescence Spectroscopy Investigation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Rout
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
| | - Satendra Kumar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Nagarajan Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
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10
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Understanding the Coordination Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Nitrate Ionic Liquids under Gamma Irradiation: A Combined Spectroscopic Investigation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Feed phase salting agent prevails the absence of organic phase Ligand: A sustainable extraction process for Eu(III)/Am(III) in an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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A series of urea complexes with rare-earth nitrates: Synthesis, structure and thermal decomposition. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Rout A, Kumar S, Ramanathan N. Unraveling the Coordination Approach of Eu(III) in Cyphos Nitrate Ionic Liquid – A Comprehensive Luminescence Spectroscopy Study. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5534-5545. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00422d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In consideration of the mounting attention of the ionic liquid: Cyphos 101 (trihexyl(tetradecyl)phoshonium chloride: [P66614][Cl]) in the recovery of rare earth and other valuables from their waste matrices, an effort...
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14
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Bhattacharyya A, Kanekar AS, Egberink RJM, Verboom W, Huskens J, Mohapatra PK. Unique selectivity reversal between Am 3+ and Eu 3+ ions by incorporation of alkyl branching in diglycolamide derivatives: DFT validation of experimental results. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of alkyl branching at α position in DGA derivative showed reversal of selectivity between Am3+ and Eu3+ which was explained using luminescence spectroscopic and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash S. Kanekar
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Richard J. M. Egberink
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Verboom
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Prasanta K. Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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16
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Liu D, Xu J. Rational design of novel carboxylic acid functionalized phosphonium based ionic liquids as high-performance extractants for rare earths. J RARE EARTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Lommelen R, Binnemans K. Hard-Soft Interactions in Solvent Extraction with Basic Extractants: Comparing Zinc and Cadmium Halides. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27924-27935. [PMID: 34722992 PMCID: PMC8554786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solvent extraction is often applied to separate and purify metals on an industrial scale. Nevertheless, solvent extraction processes are challenging to develop because of the complex chemistry involved. For basic extractants, much of the chemical behavior remains poorly understood due to the conditions far from thermodynamic ideality. To elucidate the extraction mechanism, we studied the speciation and extraction of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) from chloride, bromide, and iodide media by using a basic extractant consisting of a trioctylmethylammonium cation and, respectively, a chloride, bromide, or iodide anion. These systems were specifically selected to increase the understanding of the less-studied bromide and iodide media and to focus on the effect of hard-soft interactions on solvent extraction systems. It was observed that, in general, a metal is more efficiently extracted when its hydration in the aqueous phase is lower and its stabilization in the organic phase is higher. In the investigated systems, these conditions are obtained by forming metal complexes with a lower charge density by coordinating the right number of halide anions and by selecting a halide with a lower charge density. In the organic phase, the stability of the metal complex can be increased by forming strong metal-anion bonds and by decreasing the water content. These insights might be of interest in the development and optimization of separation schemes for metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayco Lommelen
- Department of Chemistry, KU
Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, P.O. box 2404, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU
Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, P.O. box 2404, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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18
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Schaeffer N, Vargas SJR, Passos H, Brandão P, Nogueira HIS, Svecova L, Coutinho JAP. A HNO 3 -Responsive Aqueous Biphasic System for Metal Separation: Application towards Ce IV Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3018-3026. [PMID: 34087058 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An acidic aqueous biphasic system (AcABS) presenting a desired and reversible phase transition with HNO3 concentration and temperature was developed herein as an integrated platform for metal separation. The simple, economical, and fully incinerable (C,H,O,N) AcABS composed of tetrabutylammonium nitrate ([N4444 ][NO3 ])+HNO3 +H2 O was characterized and presented an excellent selectivity towards CeIV against other rare earth elements and transition metals from both synthetic solutions and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery leachates. The acid-driven self-assembly of AcABS bridges the gap between traditional ABS and liquid-liquid extraction whilst retaining their advantageous qualities, including compatibility with highly acidic solutions, water as the primary system component, the avoidance of organic diluents, rapid mass transfer, and the potential integration of the leaching and separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schaeffer
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvia J R Vargas
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Passos
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Brandão
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena I S Nogueira
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lenka Svecova
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Nayak S, Kumal RR, Liu Z, Qiao B, Clark AE, Uysal A. Origins of Clustering of Metalate-Extractant Complexes in Liquid-Liquid Extraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24194-24206. [PMID: 33849269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective and energy-efficient separation of precious and rare metals is very important for a variety of advanced technologies. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a relatively less energy intensive separation technique, widely used in separation of lanthanides, actinides, and platinum group metals (PGMs). In LLE, the distribution of an ion between an aqueous phase and an organic phase is determined by enthalpic (coordination interactions) and entropic (fluid reorganization) contributions. The molecular scale details of these contributions are not well understood. Preferential extraction of an ion from the aqueous phase is usually correlated with the resulting fluid organization in the organic phase, as the longer-range organization increases with metal loading. However, it is difficult to determine the extent to which organic phase fluid organization causes, or is caused by, metal loading. In this study, we demonstrate that two systems with the same metal loading may impart very different organic phase organizations and investigate the underlying molecular scale mechanism. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the structure of a quaternary ammonium extractant solution in toluene is affected differently by the extraction of two metalates (octahedral PtCl62- and square-planar PdCl42-), although both are completely transferred into the organic phase. The aggregates formed by the metalate-extractant complexes (approximated as reverse micelles) exhibit a more long-range order (clustering) with PtCl62- compared to that with PdCl42-. Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on model Langmuir monolayers indicate that the two metalates affect the interfacial hydration structures differently. Furthermore, the interfacial hydration is correlated with water extraction into the organic phase. These results support a strong relationship between the organic phase organizational structure and the different local hydration present within the aggregates of metalate-extractant complexes, which is independent of metalate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Nayak
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Raju R Kumal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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20
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Vargas SJR, Schaeffer N, Souza JC, da Silva LHM, Hespanhol MC. Green separation of lanthanum, cerium and nickel from waste nickel metal hydride battery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 125:154-162. [PMID: 33706254 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a circular economy context, there is a growing need for more sustainable waste management options to recover elements from end-of-life materials. These "secondary ores" represent a source of critical elements that are often present in higher concentration compared to their primary ore. In this work, the recovery of lanthanum (La) from waste nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH) leachate is investigated using an aqueous biphasic system (ABS) process based on a pluronic triblock copolymer (L35). An initial screening is performed to determine the influence of the ABS phase forming salt anion and alizarin red extractant on the La extraction efficiency and selectivity. From these results, a three-step ABS process is developed, varying only the nature of the salt and requiring no additional extractant. In a first step, the ABS composed of L35 + thiocyanate ammoniun + H2O efficiently extracts iron, manganese, and cobalt leaving La, cerium, and Ni in solution. Nickel is subsequently recovered by precipitation using dimethylglyoxime. Finally, La is separated from cerium using the L35 + ammonium nitrate + H2O ABS, recovering 62 g of La with 94% purity per kilogram of black mass of NiMH battery. This work highlights the applicability of ABS for the treatment of raw and complex matrices, potentially allowing for a greener hydrometallurgical treatment of wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia J R Vargas
- Group of Analysis and Education for Sustainability (GAES), Chemistry Department, Centre of Exact and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Grupo de Química Verde Coloidal e Macromolecular (QUIVECOM), Chemistry Department, Centre of Exact and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Schaeffer
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jamille C Souza
- Group of Analysis and Education for Sustainability (GAES), Chemistry Department, Centre of Exact and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luis H M da Silva
- Grupo de Química Verde Coloidal e Macromolecular (QUIVECOM), Chemistry Department, Centre of Exact and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria C Hespanhol
- Group of Analysis and Education for Sustainability (GAES), Chemistry Department, Centre of Exact and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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21
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Savinkina EV, Karavaev IA, Grigoriev MS. Crystal structures of praseodymium nitrate complexes with urea, precursors for solution combustion synthesis of nanoscale praseodymium oxides. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Nayak S, Lovering K, Uysal A. Ion-specific clustering of metal-amphiphile complexes in rare earth separations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20202-20210. [PMID: 32969439 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale structure of a complex fluid can play a major role in the selective adsorption of ions at the nanometric interfaces, which is crucial in industrial and technological applications. Here we study the effect of anions and lanthanide ions on the nanoscale structure of a complex fluid formed by metal-amphiphile complexes, using small angle X-ray scattering. The nano- and mesoscale structures we observed can be directly connected to the preferential transfer of light (La and Nd) or heavy (Er and Lu) lanthanides into the complex fluid from an aqueous solution. While toluene-based complex fluids containing trioctylmethylammonium-nitrate (TOMA-nitrate) always show the same mesoscale hierarchical structure regardless of lanthanide loading and prefer light lanthanides, those containing TOMA-thiocyanate show an evolution of the mesoscale structure as a function of the lanthanide loading and prefer heavy lanthanides. The hierarchical structure indicates the presence of attractive interactions between ion-amphiphile aggregates, causing them to form clusters. A clustering model that accounts for the hard sphere repulsions and short-range attractions between the aggregates has been adapted to model the X-ray scattering results. The new model successfully describes the nanoscale structure and helps in understanding the mechanisms responsible for amphiphile assisted ion transport between immiscible liquids. Accordingly, our results imply different mechanisms of lanthanide transport depending on the anion present in the complex fluid and correspond with anion-dependent trends in rare earth separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Nayak
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Kaitlin Lovering
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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23
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Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16911. [PMID: 33037283 PMCID: PMC7547677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications. The present method development was deal technology important REEs such as neodymium, terbium and dysprosium, selective extraction with possible separation and recovery studies, successfully. The chloride mediated mixed aqueous solution containing 1500 mg/L each of REEs such as Nd, Tb and Dy was subjected at selective separation of Nd from other associated REEs. Three organo-phosphorous based commercial extracting agents such as Cyanex 272, PC 88A and D2EHPA, were employed for the extraction, possible separation and recovery of rare earth elements. A comparative extraction behavior of all these three extractants as function of time, pH influence, extractant concentration, temperature and diluents were systematically investigated. The extraction tendency of organo-phosphorus reagents towards the extraction of either of the REEs follows of the sequence as: D2EHPA > PC 88A > Cyanex 272. The thermodynamic behavior of either of the extractants on liquid-liquid extraction processing of REEs was investigated and thermodynamic calculations were calculated and presented. Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM-EDS analysis.
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24
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Li Z, Binnemans K. Hydration counteracts the separation of lanthanides by solvent extraction. AIChE J 2020; 66:e16545. [PMID: 35859698 PMCID: PMC9285791 DOI: 10.1002/aic.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of lanthanides from aqueous nitrate solutions by quaternary ammonium nitrate ionic liquids (e.g., [A336][NO3]) shows a negative sequence (i.e., light lanthanides are more efficiently extracted than heavy lanthanides), which conflicts with the lanthanide contraction. In this study, we explored the origin of the negative sequence by investigating the extraction of lanthanides from ethylammonium nitrate by [A336][NO3]. The extraction shows a positive sequence, which is converted to a negative sequence with the addition of water. The transformation from positive to negative sequences reveals that the negative sequence is caused by the hydration of lanthanide ions: hydration of lanthanide ions counteracts the extraction. Therefore, the use of solvents that have weak solvation with lanthanide ions might enhance the separation of the elements by solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of ChemistryKU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
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25
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Shaikh A, Ghosh M, Mukherjee P, Ghosh A, Molla RA, Ta S, Das D. Amide–imine conjugate involving gallic acid and naphthalene for nano-molar detection, enrichment and cancer cell imaging of La 3+: studies on the catalytic activity of the La 3+ complex. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A single crystal X-ray structurally characterized amide–imine conjugate (GAN) derived from gallic acid and naphthalene selectively recognizes La3+ ion via TURN ON fluorescence through ESIPT and CHEF mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan
- India
| | - Milan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan
- India
| | | | - Avijit Ghosh
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Technology Campus
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Rostam Ali Molla
- Department of Science and Humanities
- S. N. Bose Govt. Polytechnic College
- Malda
- India
| | - Sabyasachi Ta
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan
- India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan
- India
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26
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Van de Voorde M, Geboes B, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Van Hecke K, Cardinaels T, Binnemans K. Stability of europium(ii) in aqueous nitrate solutions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14758-14768. [PMID: 31549711 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the lanthanide series, Eu3+ is most easily reduced to its divalent state. Reduction of Eu3+ has been studied extensively in aqueous media that are insensitive to reducing conditions. Recently, it has been reported that reduction of Eu3+ is also feasible in aqueous nitrate solutions and that Eu2+ remained sufficiently stable in these media to conduct separation experiments. However, additional fundamental research on the reduction efficiency of Eu3+ and stability of Eu2+ in these media has not been reported yet. In this paper, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were used to gain more insights into the reduction of Eu3+ in aqueous nitrate media. Within the parameters used in this work, near-quantitative reduction of Eu3+ could be achieved within 120 min in highly concentrated nitrate salt solutions, using both chemical and electrochemical reduction techniques. Moreover, Eu2+ was remarkably stable in these solutions, showing just a small percentage of back-oxidation after 5 h in a sealed measurement cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van de Voorde
- SCK·CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
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27
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Lommelen R, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Onghena B, Billard I, Binnemans K. Model for Metal Extraction from Chloride Media with Basic Extractants: A Coordination Chemistry Approach. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12289-12301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayco Lommelen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bieke Onghena
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Billard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Radiochemical processing of nuclear-reactor-produced radiolanthanides for medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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