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Barczak B, Łuczak J, Kazimierski P, Klugmann-Radziemska E, Lopez G, Januszewicz K. Exploring synergistic effects in physical-chemical activation of Acorus calamus for water treatment solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119000. [PMID: 37776800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The research proposed a novel method of obtaining sorption material from readily available Acorus calamus biomass through a combination of physical and chemical activation processes. The material with the highest specific surface area (1652 m2 g-1) was obtained by physical activation with CO2, followed by chemical activation with KOH. Reversing the order of activation methods resulted in a lower specific surface area (1014 m2 g-1) of the carbon sample. Chemical activation produced activated carbon with a surface area of 1066 m2 g-1-, while physical activation produced 390 m2 g-1. This confirms the synergistic effect of combining the two activation methods for biocarbon. It was observed that physical activation with CO2 generates a diverse range of pores, including meso- and macropores, while chemical activation induces the formation of micropores. In contrast, reversing the order of these processes leads to the degradation of the porous structure. The application of physical-chemical activation with synergistic effects represents a significant advancement in producing high-quality activated biocarbon for various applications, such as wastewater treatment and energy storage. The combination of the two activation methods resulted in a synergistic effect, leading to the production of carbon material of higher quality. Additionally, the diversified pore sizes will enable the sorption of various pollutants in the aquatic environment and air pollutants, where gas particles are much smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Barczak
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Łuczak
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Kazimierski
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080, Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Januszewicz
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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Lin Y, Yao X, Shen Q, Ueda T, Kawabata Y, Segawa J, Guan K, Istirokhatun T, Song Q, Yoshioka T, Matsuyama H. Zwitterionic Copolymer-Regulated Interfacial Polymerization for Highly Permselective Nanofiltration Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6525-6532. [PMID: 34339209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly permselective nanofiltration membrane was engineered via zwitterionic copolymer assembly regulated interfacial polymerization (IP). The copolymer was molecularly synthesized using single-step free-radical polymerization between 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA) (P[MPC-co-AEMA]). The dynamic network of P[MPC-co-AEMA] served as a regulator to precisely control the kinetics of the reaction by decelerating the transport of piperazine toward the water/hexane interface, forming a polyamide (PA) membrane with ultralow thickness of 70 nm, compared to that of the pristine PA (230 nm). Concomitantly, manipulating the phosphate moieties of P[MPC-co-AEMA] integrated into the PA matrix enabled the formation of ridge-shaped nanofilms with loose internal architecture exhibiting enhanced inner-pore interconnectivity. The resultant P[MPC-co-AEMA]-incorporated PA membrane exhibited a high water permeance of 15.7 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 (more than 3-fold higher than that of the pristine PA [4.4 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1]), high divalent salt rejection of 98.3%, and competitive mono-/divalent ion selectivity of 52.9 among the state-of-the-art desalination membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xuesong Yao
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Qin Shen
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueda
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawabata
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jumpei Segawa
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kecheng Guan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Titik Istirokhatun
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto-Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Qiangqiang Song
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yoshioka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Qi J, Jin B, Bai P, Zhang W, Xu L. Template-free preparation of anthracite-based nitrogen-doped porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors and efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24344-24356. [PMID: 35527884 PMCID: PMC9069837 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04791c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of coal into high-performance electrochemical energy materials, exemplified by electrodes and electrocatalysts for supercapacitors and fuel cells, is currently crucial to the advancement of high value-added, clean and non-fuel utilization of coal resources. In this work, anthracite-based nitrogen-doped porous carbon (ANPC) materials with well-defined pore architectures and adjustable nitrogen concentrations were prepared without any template: ANPC-1 by a one-step activation/doping process and ANPC-2 by a two-step process. The specific capacitance value of the ANPC-1 materials could attain a maximum of 346.0 F g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 in 6 M KOH. Supercapacitors composed of the ANPC-1 electrodes were able to achieve high energy densities up to 10.3 W h kg-1 and 20.8 W h kg-1, together with good charge/discharge stabilities of 95.4% and 91.3% after 5000 cycles, in KOH and Na2SO4 aqueous electrolytes, respectively. The ANPC-2 materials are more associated with the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR): one possessed a comparable ORR electrocatalytic activity to the commercial JM Pt/C (20% Pt) catalyst, and, moreover, its onset potential (0.96 V vs. RHE), half-wave potential (0.85 V vs. RHE), catalyst durability (95.9% activity retained after 40 000 s) and methanol tolerance were all superior to the benchmark electrocatalyst. This study provides a feasible route to rational design of coal-based multifunctional materials towards electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology 1 Daxue Road Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Bolin Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology 1 Daxue Road Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Peiyao Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology 1 Daxue Road Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Wendu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology 1 Daxue Road Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Lang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology 1 Daxue Road Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
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Enhancement Effect of Ordered Hierarchical Pore Configuration on SO2 Adsorption and Desorption Process. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonaceous adsorbents with both high sulfur capacity and easy regeneration are required for flue gas desulfurization. A hierarchical structure is desirable for SO2 removal, since the micropores are beneficial for SO2 adsorption, while the mesopore networks facilitate gas diffusion and end-product H2SO4 storage. Herein, an ordered hierarchical porous carbon was synthesized via a soft-template method and subsequent activation, used in SO2 removal, and compared with coal-based activated carbon, which also had a hierarchical pore configuration. The more detailed, abundant micropores created in CO2 activation, especially the ultramicropores (d < 0.7 nm), are essential in enhancing the SO2 adsorption and the reserves rather than the pore patterns. While O2 and H2O participate in the reaction, the hierarchical porous carbon with ordered mesopores greatly improves SO2 removal dynamics and sulfur capacity, as this interconnecting pore pattern facilitates H2SO4 transport from micropores to mesopores, releasing the SO2 adsorption space. Additionally, the water-washing regeneration performances of the two types of adsorbents were comparatively determined and provide a new insight into the mass-transfer resistance in the pore structure. The ordered hierarchical carbon promoted H2SO4 desorption efficiency and cycled SO2 adsorption–desorption performance, further indicating that interconnecting micro- and mesopores facilitated the diffusion of adsorbates.
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