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Meng L, Akhoundian M, Al Azawi A, Shoja Y, Chi PY, Meinander K, Suihkonen S, Franssila S. Ultrasensitive Monolithic Dopamine Microsensors Employing Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303872. [PMID: 38837670 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain-on-Chip devices, which facilitate on-chip cultures of neurons to simulate brain functions, are receiving tremendous attention from both fundamental and clinical research. Consequently, microsensors are being developed to accomplish real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters, which are the benchmarks for neuron network operation. Among these, electrochemical sensors have emerged as promising candidates for detecting a critical neurotransmitter, dopamine. However, current state-of-the-art electrochemical dopamine sensors are suffering from issues like limited sensitivity and cumbersome fabrication. Here, a novel route in monolithically microfabricating vertically aligned carbon nanofiber electrochemical dopamine microsensors is reported with an anti-blistering slow cooling process. Thanks to the microfabrication process, microsensors is created with complete insulation and large surface areas. The champion device shows extremely high sensitivity of 4.52× 104 µAµM-1·cm-2, which is two-orders-of-magnitude higher than current devices, and a highly competitive limit of detection of 0.243 nM. These remarkable figures-of-merit will open new windows for applications such as electrochemical recording from a single neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingju Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Maedeh Akhoundian
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Anas Al Azawi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Yalda Shoja
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Meinander
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Sami Suihkonen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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2
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Rajarathinam T, Thirumalai D, Jayaraman S, Yang S, Ishigami A, Yoon JH, Paik HJ, Lee J, Chang SC. Glutamate oxidase sheets-Prussian blue grafted amperometric biosensor for the real time monitoring of glutamate release from primary cortical neurons. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127903. [PMID: 37939751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) is a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in GLU estimation is the existence of other biomolecules in the brain that could directly get oxidized at the electrode. Hence, highly selective electroenzymatic biosensors that enable rapid estimation of GLU are needed. Initially, a copolymer, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate- styrene) was synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to noncovalently functionalize reduced graphene oxide (rGO), named DS-rGO. Glutamate oxidase macromolecule immobilized DS-rGO formed enzyme nanosheets, which was drop-coated over Prussian blue electrodeposited disposable electrodes to fabricate the GLU biosensor. The interconnectivity between the enzyme nanosheets and the Prussian blue endows the biosensor with enhanced conductivity and electrochemical activity. The biosensor exhibited a linearity: 3.25-250 μM; sensitivity: 3.96 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection: 0.96 μM for GLU in the Neurobasal Medium. The biosensor was applied to an in vitro primary rat cortical model to discriminate GLU levels in Neurobasal Medium, before and after KCl mediated depolarization, which provides new insights for elucidating neuronal functioning in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- BIT Convergence-based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivaguru Jayaraman
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ali MY, Knight D, Howlader MMR. Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glutamate Sensor Using Copper Oxide Nanomaterials and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020237. [PMID: 36832003 PMCID: PMC9954524 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter due to its critical role in physiological and pathological processes. While enzymatic electrochemical sensors can selectively detect glutamate, enzymes cause instability of the sensors, thus necessitating the development of enzyme-free glutamate sensors. In this paper, we developed an ultrahigh sensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical glutamate sensor by synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures and physically mixing them with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto a screen-printed carbon electrode. We comprehensively investigated the sensing mechanism of glutamate; the optimized sensor showed irreversible oxidation of glutamate involving one electron and one proton, and a linear response from 20 μM to 200 μM at pH 7. The limit of detection and sensitivity of the sensor were about 17.5 μM and 8500 μA·mM-1·cm-2, respectively. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the synergetic electrochemical activities of CuO nanostructures and MWCNTs. The sensor detected glutamate in whole blood and urine and had minimal interference with common interferents, suggesting its potential for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Younus Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Dorian Knight
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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4
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Salihi EC, Berber B, İsanç K. Kinetic adsorption of drugs using carbon nanofibers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Caliskan Salihi
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Betül Berber
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kübra İsanç
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
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5
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Patel PR, Gundloori RVN. A review on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshkumar R. Patel
- Polymer Science and Engineering CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Rathna Venkata Naga Gundloori
- Polymer Science and Engineering CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Kundu A, Shetti NP, Basu S, Mondal K, Sharma A, Aminabhavi TM. Versatile Carbon Nanofiber-Based Sensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4086-4102. [PMID: 36040854 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) display colossal potential in different fields like energy, catalysis, biomedicine, sensing, and environmental science. CNFs have revealed extensive uses in various sensing platforms due to their distinctive structure, properties, function, and accessible surface functionalization capabilities. This review presents insight into various fabrication methods for CNFs like electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, and template methods with merits and demerits of each technique. Also, we give a brief overview of CNF functionalization. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them promising candidates for the sensor applications. This review offers detailed discussion of sensing applications (strain sensor, biosensor, small molecule detection, food preservative detection, toxicity biomarker detection, and gas sensor). Various sensing applications of CNF like human motion monitoring and energy storage and conversion are discussed in brief. The challenges and obstacles associated with CNFs for futuristic applications are discussed. This review will be helpful for readers to understand the different fabrication methods and explore various applications of the versatile CNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580 031, India
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Panjab 140413, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580 031, India
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Panjab 140413, India
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7
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Nanoscale geometry determines mechanical biocompatibility of vertically aligned nanofibers. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:235-247. [PMID: 35487425 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) are promising material candidates for neural biosensors due to their ability to detect neurotransmitters in physiological concentrations. However, the expected high rigidity of CNFs could induce mechanical mismatch with the brain tissue, eliciting formation of a glial scar around the electrode and thus loss of functionality. We have evaluated mechanical biocompatibility of VACNFs by growing nickel-catalyzed carbon nanofibers of different lengths and inter-fiber distances. Long nanofibers with large inter-fiber distance prevented maturation of focal adhesions, thus constraining cells from obtaining a highly spread morphology that is observed when astrocytes are being contacted with stiff materials commonly used in neural implants. A silicon nanopillar array with 500 nm inter-pillar distance was used to reveal that this inhibition of focal adhesion maturation occurs due to the surface nanoscale geometry, more precisely the inter-fiber distance. Live cell atomic force microscopy was used to confirm astrocytes being significantly softer on the long Ni-CNFs compared to other surfaces, including a soft gelatin hydrogel. We also observed hippocampal neurons to mature and form synaptic contacts when being cultured on both long and short carbon nanofibers, without having to use any adhesive proteins or a glial monoculture, indicating high cytocompatibility of the material also with neuronal population. In contrast, neurons cultured on a planar tetrahedral amorphous carbon sample showed immature neurites and indications of early-stage apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that mechanical biocompatibility of biomaterials is greatly affected by their nanoscale surface geometry, which provides means for controlling how the materials and their mechanical properties are perceived by the cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our research article shows, how nanoscale surface geometry determines mechanical biocompatibility of apparently stiff materials. Specifically, astrocytes were prevented from obtaining highly spread morphology when their adhesion site maturation was inhibited, showing similar morphology on nominally stiff vertically aligned carbon fiber (VACNF) substrates as when being cultured on ultrasoft surfaces. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons matured well and formed synapses on these carbon nanofibers, indicating high biocompatibility of the materials. Interestingly, the same VACNF materials that were used in this study have earlier also been proven to be capable for electrophysiological recordings and sensing neurotransmitters at physiological concentrations with ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity, thus providing a platform for future neural probes or smart culturing surfaces with superior sensing performance and biocompatibility.
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Mei H, Xie J, Li Z, Lou C, Lei G, Liu X, Zhang J. Rational design of ZnO@ZIF-8 nanoarrays for improved electrochemical detection of H2O2. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Core–shell ZnO@ZIF-8 nanoarrays demonstrate remarkable electrochemical performance for detection of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshan Mei
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiayue Xie
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zishuo Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chengming Lou
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guanglu Lei
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wang F, Lan D, Zhang X, Cheng T. Passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on saturable absorption of carbon nanofibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:9943-9950. [PMID: 34807184 DOI: 10.1364/ao.442979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of carbon-based material, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted much attention due to their unique physical structure and optical properties. In this paper, we propose the application of CNFs as the saturable absorber (SA) and established a passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) for verification. By mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution with CNFs, CNF SA was prepared, the nonlinearity of which was tested as follows: the modulation depth was ∼1.3%, and the saturation intensity was 18MW/cm2. By inserting the CNF SA into the TDFL ring cavity, mode-locked laser pulses of a central wavelength of 1954.47 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 5.93 nm were obtained. The spectral pulse width was 1.31 ps; the repetition frequency was 32.68 MHz; and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated to be ∼57dB. To our knowledge, this is the first time that CNFs have been reported as SAs for mode-locked lasers in the 2 µm wavelength region. Our work provides a new reference for using carbon-based materials in the realization of ultrafast lasers, and the proposed CNFs are highly advantageous in the development of ultrahigh-speed optical modulators and next-generation high-performance nonlinear photonic devices.
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Soon GH, Deasy M, Dempsey E. An Electrochemical Evaluation of Novel Ferrocene Derivatives for Glutamate and Liver Biomarker Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:254. [PMID: 34436056 PMCID: PMC8392419 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an evaluation of two new monosubstituted ferrocene (Fc) derivatives, 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanamidoferrocene and 1-hydroxy-2-[2-(thiophen-3-yl)-ethylamino]ethylferrocene, as glutamate oxidase mediators, together with their preparation and characterisation. Taking into consideration the influence of the electronic effects of substituents on the redox potentials of the Fc species, two candidates with pyrrole or thiophene moieties were proposed for investigation. Film studies involved potential sweeping in the presence of pyrrole or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomers resulting in stable electroactive films with % signal loss upon cycling ranging from 1 to 7.82% and surface coverage (Γ) 0.47-1.15 × 10-9 mol/cm2 for films formed under optimal conditions. Construction of a glutamate oxidase modified electrode resulted in second-generation biosensing with the aid of both cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamic amperometry, resulting in glutamate sensitivity of 0.86-1.28 μA/mM and Km (app) values over the range 3.67-5.01 mM. A follow-up enzyme assay for liver biomarker γ-glutamyl transpeptidase realised unmediated and mediated measurement establishing reaction and incubation time investigations and a realising response over <100 U/L γ-glutamyl transpeptidase with a sensitivity of 5 nA/UL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geok Hong Soon
- Centre of Applied Science for Health (CASH), Technological University of Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (G.H.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Mary Deasy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health (CASH), Technological University of Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (G.H.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Eithne Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23 F2H6 Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Matys J, Gieroba B, Jóźwiak K. Recent developments of bioanalytical methods in determination of neurotransmitters in vivo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sainio S, Leppänen E, Mynttinen E, Palomäki T, Wester N, Etula J, Isoaho N, Peltola E, Koehne J, Meyyappan M, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Integrating Carbon Nanomaterials with Metals for Bio-sensing Applications. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:179-190. [PMID: 31520316 PMCID: PMC6968979 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age structure in most developed countries is changing fast as the average lifespan is increasing significantly, calling for solutions to provide improved treatments for age-related neurological diseases and disorders. In order to address these problems, a reliable way of recording information about neurotransmitters from in vitro and in vivo applications is needed to better understand neurological diseases and disorders as well as currently used treatments. Likewise, recent developments in medicine, especially with the opioid crisis, are demanding a swift move to personalized medicine to administer patient needs rather than population-wide averages. In order to enable the so-called personalized medicine, it is necessary to be able to do measurements in vivo and in real time. These actions require sensitive and selective detection of different analytes from very demanding environments. Current state-of-the-art materials are unable to provide sensitive and selective detection of neurotransmitters as well as the required time resolution needed for drug molecules at a reasonable cost. To meet these challenges, we have utilized different metals to grow carbon nanomaterials and applied them for sensing applications showing that there are clear differences in their electrochemical properties based on the selected catalyst metal. Additionally, we have combined atomistic simulations to support optimizing materials for experiments and to gain further understanding of the atomistic level reactions between different analytes and the sensor surface. With carbon nanostructures grown from Ni and Al + Co + Fe hybrid, we can detect dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid simultaneously. On the other hand, nanostructures grown from platinum provide a feasible platform for detection of H2O2 making them suitable candidates for enzymatic biosensors for detection of glutamate, for example. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon electrodes have an ability to detect morphine, paracetamol, tramadol, and O-desmethyltramadol. With carbon nanomaterial-based sensors, it is possible to reach metal-like properties in sensing applications using only a fraction of the metal as seed for the material growth. We have also seen that by using nanodiamonds as growth catalyst for carbon nanofibers, it is not possible to detect dopamine and ascorbic acid simultaneously, although the morphology of the resulting nanofibers is similar to the ones grown using Ni. This further indicates the importance of the metal selection for specific applications. However, Ni as a continuous layer or as separate islands does not provide adequate performance. Thus, it appears that metal nanoparticles combined with fiber-like morphology are needed for optimized sensor performance for neurotransmitter detection. This opens up a new research approach of application-specific nanomaterials, where carefully selected metals are integrated with carbon nanomaterials to match the needs of the sensing application in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elli Leppänen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elsi Mynttinen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tommi Palomäki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jarkko Etula
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Noora Isoaho
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jessica Koehne
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA
| | - M Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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Schultz J, Uddin Z, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors. Analyst 2020; 145:321-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing guidelines for glutamate in biofluids, associated with different diseases, providing knowledge translation among science, engineering, and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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Heikkinen JJ, Peltola E, Wester N, Koskinen J, Laurila T, Franssila S, Jokinen V. Fabrication of Micro- and Nanopillars from Pyrolytic Carbon and Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E510. [PMID: 31370267 PMCID: PMC6723446 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pattern formation of pyrolyzed carbon (PyC) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films were investigated at micro- and nanoscale. Micro- and nanopillars were fabricated from both materials, and their biocompatibility was studied with cell viability tests. Carbon materials are known to be very challenging to pattern. Here we demonstrate two approaches to create biocompatible carbon features. The microtopographies were 2 μ m or 20 μ m pillars (1:1 aspect ratio) with three different pillar layouts (square-grid, hexa-grid, or random-grid orientation). The nanoscale topography consisted of random nanopillars fabricated by maskless anisotropic etching. The PyC structures were fabricated with photolithography and embossing techniques in SU-8 photopolymer which was pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere. The ta-C is a thin film coating, and the structures for it were fabricated on silicon substrates. Despite different fabrication methods, both materials were formed into comparable micro- and nanostructures. Mouse neural stem cells were cultured on the samples (without any coatings) and their viability was evaluated with colorimetric viability assay. All samples expressed good biocompatibility, but the topography has only a minor effect on viability. Two μ m pillars in ta-C shows increased cell count and aggregation compared to planar ta-C reference sample. The presented materials and fabrication techniques are well suited for applications that require carbon chemistry and benefit from large surface area and topography, such as electrophysiological and -chemical sensors for in vivo and in vitro measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas J Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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15
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Gulino M, Kim D, Pané S, Santos SD, Pêgo AP. Tissue Response to Neural Implants: The Use of Model Systems Toward New Design Solutions of Implantable Microelectrodes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:689. [PMID: 31333407 PMCID: PMC6624471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of implantable neuroelectrodes is advancing rapidly as these tools are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in clinical practice, especially for the treatment of traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders. Electrodes have been exploited in a wide number of neural interface devices, such as deep brain stimulation, which is one of the most successful therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases like Parkinson or epilepsy. However, one of the main caveats related to the clinical application of electrodes is the nervous tissue response at the injury site, characterized by a cascade of inflammatory events, which culminate in chronic inflammation, and, in turn, result in the failure of the implant over extended periods of time. To overcome current limitations of the most widespread macroelectrode based systems, new design strategies and the development of innovative materials with superior biocompatibility characteristics are currently being investigated. This review describes the current state of the art of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models available for the study of neural tissue response to implantable microelectrodes. We particularly highlight new models with increased complexity that closely mimic in vivo scenarios and that can serve as promising alternatives to animal studies for investigation of microelectrodes in neural tissues. Additionally, we also express our view on the impact of the progress in the field of neural tissue engineering on neural implant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gulino
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Duque Santos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Yang S, Xia N, Li M, Liu P, Wang Y, Qu L. Facile synthesis of a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 with reduced graphene oxide hybrid material as an efficient electrocatalyst for nonenzymatic H 2O 2 sensing. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15217-15223. [PMID: 35514807 PMCID: PMC9064216 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite was formed by using an efficient synthetic method. The morphology and structure of the ZIF-8/rGO nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) mapping. The ZIF-8/rGO nanocomposites were immobilized on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) to construct a high-performance nonenzymatic electrochemical H2O2 sensor. A cyclic voltammetry (CV) study showed that the ZIF-8/rGO nanocomposites displayed better electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction compared to that of ZIF-8. An amperometric study indicated that the H2O2 sensor displayed high performance, which offered a low detection limit (0.05 μM) (S/N = 3), a high sensitivity (4.01 μA mM-1 cm-2), and a wide linear range (from 1.0 to 625 μM). An electrochemical reaction mechanism was proposed for H2O2 reduction on the ZIF-8/rGO/CPE. Importantly, the as-fabricated H2O2 sensor exhibited good reproducibility and excellent selectivity. Furthermore, the constructed high-performance sensor was utilized to monitor the H2O2 levels in real samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. These results demonstrated that the ZIF-8/rGO nanocomposite can be used as a good electrochemical sensor material in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
| | - Mengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
| | - Panpan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455002 PR China +86 3722900040 +86 03722900040
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials PR China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
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