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Renzi E, Esposito A, Leone L, Chávez M, Pineda T, Lombardi A, Nastri F. Biohybrid materials comprising an artificial peroxidase and differently shaped gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3533-3542. [PMID: 38989515 PMCID: PMC11232542 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The immobilization of biocatalysts on inorganic supports allows the development of bio-nanohybrid materials with defined functional properties. Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) are the main players in this field, due to their fascinating shape-dependent properties that account for their versatility. Even though incredible progress has been made in the preparation of AuNMs, few studies have been carried out to analyze the impact of particle morphology on the behavior of immobilized biocatalysts. Herein, the artificial peroxidase Fe(iii)-Mimochrome VI*a (FeMC6*a) was conjugated to two different anisotropic gold nanomaterials, nanorods (AuNRs) and triangular nanoprisms (AuNTs), to investigate how the properties of the nanosupport can affect the functional behavior of FeMC6*a. The conjugation of FeMC6*a to AuNMs was performed by a click-chemistry approach, using FeMC6*a modified with pegylated aza-dibenzocyclooctyne (FeMC6*a-PEG4@DBCO), which was allowed to react with azide-functionalized AuNRs and AuNTs, synthesized from citrate-capped AuNMs. To this end, a literature protocol for depleting CTAB from AuNRs was herein reported for the first time to prepare citrate-AuNTs. The overall results suggest that the nanomaterial shape influences the nanoconjugate functional properties. Besides giving new insights into the effect of the surfaces on the artificial peroxidase properties, these results open up the way for creating novel nanostructures with potential applications in the field of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Renzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Miriam Chávez
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and Environment, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales Ed. Marie Curie Córdoba E-14014 Spain
| | - Teresa Pineda
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and Environment, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales Ed. Marie Curie Córdoba E-14014 Spain
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy
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2
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Yu F, Li C, Zhang T, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Developing a novel heme biosensor to produce high-active hemoproteins in Pichia pastoris through comparative transcriptomics. Metab Eng 2024; 84:59-68. [PMID: 38839038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of a heme-responsive biosensor for dynamic pathway regulation in eukaryotes has never been reported, posing a challenge for achieving the efficient synthesis of multifunctional hemoproteins and maintaining intracellular heme homeostasis. Herein, a biosensor containing a newly identified heme-responsive promoter, CRISPR/dCas9, and a degradation tag N-degron was designed and optimized to fine-tune heme biosynthesis in the efficient heme-supplying Pichia pastoris P1H9 chassis. After identifying literature-reported promoters insensitive to heme, the endogenous heme-responsive promoters were mined by transcriptomics, and an optimal biosensor was screened from different combinations of regulatory elements. The dynamic regulation pattern of the biosensor was validated by the transcriptional fluctuations of the HEM2 gene involved in heme biosynthesis and the subsequent responsive changes in intracellular heme titers. We demonstrate the efficiency of this regulatory system by improving the production of high-active porcine myoglobin and soy hemoglobin, which can be used to develop artificial meat and artificial metalloenzymes. Moreover, these findings can offer valuable strategies for the synthesis of other hemoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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3
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Dolz M, Monterrey DT, Beltrán-Nogal A, Menés-Rubio A, Keser M, González-Pérez D, de Santos PG, Viña-González J, Alcalde M. The colors of peroxygenase activity: Colorimetric high-throughput screening assays for directed evolution. Methods Enzymol 2023; 693:73-109. [PMID: 37977739 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are arising as versatile biocatalysts for C-H oxyfunctionalization reactions. In recent years, several directed evolution studies have been conducted to design improved UPO variants. An essential part of this protein engineering strategy is the design of reliable colorimetric high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for mutant library exploration. Here, we present a palette of 12 colorimetric HTS assays along with their step-by-step protocols, which have been validated for directed UPO evolution campaigns. This array of colorimetric assays will pave the way for the discovery and design of new UPO variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Dolz
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dianelis T Monterrey
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Beltrán-Nogal
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Menés-Rubio
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merve Keser
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - David González-Pérez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Viña-González
- EvoEnzyme S.L., C/ Faraday 7. Parque Científico de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Yu F, Zhao X, Zhou J, Lu W, Li J, Chen J, Du G. Biosynthesis of High-Active Hemoproteins by the Efficient Heme-Supply Pichia Pastoris Chassis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302826. [PMID: 37649147 PMCID: PMC10602571 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of valuable hemoproteins has become a popular research topic, and Pichia pastoris is a versatile platform for the industrial production of recombinant proteins. However, the inadequate supply of heme limits the synthesis of high-active hemoproteins. Here a strategy for enhancing intracellular heme biosynthesis to improve the titers and functional activities of hemoproteins is reported. After selecting a suitable expressional strategy for globins, the efficient heme-supply P. pastoris chassis is established by removing the spatial segregation during heme biosynthesis, optimizing precursor synthesis, assembling rate-limiting enzymes using protein scaffolds, and inhibiting heme degradation. This robust chassis produces several highly active hemoproteins, including porcine myoglobin, soy hemoglobin, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, and P450-BM3, which can be used in the development of artificial meat, high-cell-density fermentation, and whole-cell catalytic synthesis of high-value-added compounds. Furthermore, the engineered chassis strain has great potential for producing and applying other hemoproteins with high activities in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Wei Lu
- Dongsheng Biotech Co., Ltd.91–92 Junmin RoadTaixingJiangsu225432China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
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5
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Chino M, La Gatta S, Leone L, De Fenza M, Lombardi A, Pavone V, Maglio O. Dye Decolorization by a Miniaturized Peroxidase Fe-MimochromeVI*a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11070. [PMID: 37446248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidases and peroxidases have found application in the field of chlorine-free organic dye degradation in the paper, toothpaste, and detergent industries. Nevertheless, their widespread use is somehow hindered because of their cost, availability, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. Here, we report the catalytic proficiency of a miniaturized synthetic peroxidase, Fe-Mimochrome VI*a, in the decolorization of four organic dyes, as representatives of either the heterocyclic or triarylmethane class of dyes. Fe-Mimochrome VI*a performed over 130 turnovers in less than five minutes in an aqueous buffer at a neutral pH under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Gatta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria De Fenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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6
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Leone L, Muñoz-García AB, D'Alonzo D, Pavone V, Nastri F, Lombardi A. Peptide-based metalloporphyrin catalysts: unveiling the role of the metal ion in indole oxidation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112298. [PMID: 37379767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, much effort has been devoted to the construction of protein and peptide-based metalloporphyrin catalysts capable of promoting difficult transformations with high selectivity. In this context, mechanistic studies are fundamental to elucidate all the factors that contribute to catalytic performances and product selectivity. In our previous work, we selected the synthetic peptide-porphyrin conjugate MnMC6*a as a proficient catalyst for indole oxidation, promoting the formation of a 3-oxindole derivative with unprecedented selectivity. In this work, we have evaluated the role of the metal ion in affecting reaction outcome, by replacing manganese with iron in the MC6*a scaffold. Even though product selectivity is not altered upon metal substitution, FeMC6*a shows a lower substrate conversion and prolonged reaction times with respect to its manganese analogue. Experimental and theoretical studies have enabled us to delineate the reaction free energy profiles for both catalysts, indicating different thermodynamic limiting steps, depending on the nature of the metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele D'Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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7
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Rana L, Hundal G. New bis[MoO 2] and [MoO(O 2)] compounds: An artificial enzyme with peroxidase activity against o-phenylenediamine and dopamine. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112231. [PMID: 37146533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two binuclear dioxido- and oxidoperoxido molybdenum (VI) complexes, [{MoVIO2}2(L)(H2O)2] 1 and [{MoVIO(O2)}2(L)(H2O)2] 2, were synthesized. Complex 1 was obtained through a 1:2 reaction of ligand I with MoO2(acac)2, while complex 2 was synthesized in situ by reacting MoO3 with H2O2 in a 1:2 ratio. The structures and characteristics of the complexes were examined employing several techniques such as elemental (CHN) analysis, spectroscopy (FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H, and 13CNMR), and thermal study (TGA). SC-XRD analysis of complex 1a revealed that the molybdenum central atom adopts an octahedral geometry and is bonded to phenolic oxygen, enolate oxygen, and azomethine nitrogen atoms. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to determine the purity of the bulk material, and the results were compared to single crystal data. Computational calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory for the ligand and the LANL2DZ level of theory for the complexes, yielding geometry optimized structures that were then employed in frequency and NMR-calculations. These theoretical findings were compared to the experimental results and showed a good correlation. Furthermore, the complexes exhibited peroxidase-like activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as evidenced by the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rana
- Department of Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Icchanath, Surat 395007, India.
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored- Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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8
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Li Y, Lin Y, Wang F, Wang J, Shoji O, Xu J. Construction of Biocatalysts Using the P450 Scaffold for the Synthesis of Indigo from Indole. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032395. [PMID: 36768714 PMCID: PMC9917246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for blue dyes, it is of vital importance to develop a green and efficient biocatalyst to produce indigo. This study constructed a hydrogen peroxide-dependent catalytic system for the direct conversion of indole to indigo using P450BM3 with the assistance of dual-functional small molecules (DFSM). The arrangements of amino acids at 78, 87, and 268 positions influenced the catalytic activity. F87G/T268V mutant gave the highest catalytic activity with kcat of 1402 min-1 and with a yield of 73%. F87A/T268V mutant was found to produce the indigo product with chemoselectivity as high as 80%. Moreover, F87G/T268A mutant was found to efficiently catalyze indole oxidation with higher activity (kcat/Km = 1388 mM-1 min-1) than other enzymes, such as the NADPH-dependent P450BM3 (2.4-fold), the Ngb (32-fold) and the Mb (117-fold). Computer simulation results indicate that the arrangements of amino acid residues in the active site can significantly affect the catalytic activity of the protein. The DFSM-facilitated P450BM3 peroxygenase system provides an alternative, simple approach for a key step in the bioproduction of indigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingwu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.X.)
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9
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Sun LJ, Yuan H, Xu JK, Luo J, Lang JJ, Wen GB, Tan X, Lin YW. Phenoxazinone Synthase-like Activity of Rationally Designed Heme Enzymes Based on Myoglobin. Biochemistry 2023; 62:369-377. [PMID: 34665595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of functional metalloenzymes is attractive for the biosynthesis of biologically important compounds, such as phenoxazinones and phenazines catalyzed by native phenoxazinone synthase (PHS). To design functional heme enzymes, we used myoglobin (Mb) as a model protein and introduced an artificial CXXC motif into the heme distal pocket by F46C and L49C mutations, which forms a de novo disulfide bond, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure. We further introduced a catalytic Tyr43 into the heme distal pocket and found that the F43Y/F46C/L49C Mb triple mutant and the previously designed F43Y/F46S Mb exhibit PHS-like activity (80-98% yields in 5-15 min), with the catalytic efficiency exceeding those of natural metalloenzymes, including o-aminophenol oxidase, laccase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase. Moreover, we showed that the oxidative coupling product of 1,6-disulfonic-2,7-diaminophenazine is a potential pH indicator, with the orange-magenta color change at pH 4-5 (pKa = 4.40). Therefore, this study indicates that functional heme enzymes can be rationally designed by structural modifications of Mb, exhibiting the functionality of the native PHS for green biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Sun
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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10
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Núñez-Navarro N, Salazar Muñoz J, Castillo F, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Poblete-Castro I, Zacconi FC, Parra LP. Discovery of New Phenylacetone Monooxygenase Variants for the Development of Substituted Indigoids through Biocatalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012544. [PMID: 36293414 PMCID: PMC9604523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigoids are natural pigments obtained from plants by ancient cultures. Romans used them mainly as dyes, whereas Asian cultures applied these compounds as treatment agents for several diseases. In the modern era, the chemical industry has made it possible to identify and develop synthetic routes to obtain them from petroleum derivatives. However, these processes require high temperatures and pressures and large amounts of solvents, acids, and alkali agents. Thus, enzyme engineering and the development of bacteria as whole-cell biocatalysts emerges as a promising green alternative to avoid the use of these hazardous materials and consequently prevent toxic waste generation. In this research, we obtained two novel variants of phenylacetone monooxygenase (PAMO) by iterative saturation mutagenesis. Heterologous expression of these two enzymes, called PAMOHPCD and PAMOHPED, in E. coli was serendipitously found to produce indigoids. These interesting results encourage us to characterize the thermal stability and enzyme kinetics of these new variants and to evaluate indigo and indirubin production in a whole-cell system by HPLC. The highest yields were obtained with PAMOHPCD supplemented with L-tryptophan, producing ~3000 mg/L indigo and ~130.0 mg/L indirubin. Additionally, both enzymes could oxidize and produce several indigo derivatives from substituted indoles, with PAMOHPCD being able to produce the well-known Tyrian purple. Our results indicate that the PAMO variants described herein have potential application in the textile, pharmaceutics, and semiconductors industries, prompting the use of environmentally friendly strategies to obtain a diverse variety of indigoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Núñez-Navarro
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Javier Salazar Muñoz
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.C.Z.); (L.P.P.)
| | - Loreto P. Parra
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.C.Z.); (L.P.P.)
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11
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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Yu H, Wu H, Tian X, Zhou Y, Ren C, Wang Z. A nano-sized Cu-MOF with high peroxidase-like activity and its potential application in colorimetric detection of H 2O 2 and glucose. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26963-26973. [PMID: 35480013 PMCID: PMC9037637 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxidase widely exists in nature and can be applied for the diagnosis and detection of H2O2, glucose, ascorbic acid and other aspects. However, the natural peroxidase has low stability and its catalytic efficiency is easily affected by external conditions. In this work, a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was prepared by hydrothermal method, and characterized by means of XRD, SEM, FT-IR and EDS. The synthesized Cu-MOF material showed high peroxidase-like activity and could be utilized to catalyze the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The steady-state kinetics experiments of the oxidation of OPDA and TMB catalyzed by Cu-MOF were performed, and the kinetic parameters were obtained by linear least-squares fitting to Lineweaver-Burk plot. The results indicated that the affinity of Cu-MOF towards TMB and OPDA was close to that of the natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The as-prepared Cu-MOF can be applied for colorimetric detection of H2O2 and glucose with wide linear ranges of 5 to 300 μM and 50 to 500 μM for H2O2 and glucose, respectively. Furthermore, the specificity of detection of glucose was compared with other sugar species interference such as sucrose, lactose and maltose. In addition, the detection of ascorbic acid and sodium thiosulfate was also performed upon the inhibition of TMB oxidation. Based on the high catalytic activity, affinity and wide linear range, the as-prepared Cu-MOF may be used for artificial enzyme mimics in the fields of catalysis, biosensors, medicines and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 Sichuan P. R. China +86 817-2445233 +86 817-2568081
| | - Hanliu Wu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 Sichuan P. R. China +86 817-2445233 +86 817-2568081
| | - Xuemei Tian
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 Sichuan P. R. China +86 817-2445233 +86 817-2568081
| | - Yafen Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 Sichuan P. R. China +86 817-2445233 +86 817-2568081
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Yantai 264000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 Sichuan P. R. China +86 817-2445233 +86 817-2568081
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13
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Leone L, D’Alonzo D, Maglio O, Pavone V, Nastri F, Lombardi A. Highly Selective Indole Oxidation Catalyzed by a Mn-Containing Artificial Mini-Enzyme. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages—National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli 80134, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
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14
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Guo WJ, Xu JK, Liu JJ, Lang JJ, Gao SQ, Wen GB, Lin YW. Biotransformation of Lignin by an Artificial Heme Enzyme Designed in Myoglobin With a Covalently Linked Heme Group. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664388. [PMID: 34136471 PMCID: PMC8201792 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of Kraft lignin in plant biomass into renewable chemicals, aiming at harvesting aromatic compounds, is a challenge process in biorefinery. Comparing to the traditional chemical methods, enzymatic catalysis provides a gentle way for the degradation of lignin. Alternative to natural enzymes, artificial enzymes have been received much attention for potential applications. We herein achieved the biodegradation of Kraft lignin using an artificial peroxidase rationally designed in myoglobin (Mb), F43Y/T67R Mb, with a covalently linked heme cofactor. The artificial enzyme of F43Y/T67R Mb has improved catalytic efficiencies at mild acidic pH for phenolic and aromatic amine substrates, including Kraft lignin and the model lignin dimer guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE). We proposed a possible catalytic mechanism for the biotransformation of lignin catalyzed by the enzyme, based on the results of kinetic UV-Vis studies and UPLC-ESI-MS analysis, as well as molecular modeling studies. With the advantages of F43Y/T67R Mb, such as the high-yield by overexpression in E. coli cells and the enhanced protein stability, this study suggests that the artificial enzyme has potential applications in the biodegradation of lignin to provide sustainable bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang, China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang, China
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15
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Production of Tyrian purple indigoid dye from tryptophan in Escherichia coli. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 17:104-112. [PMID: 33139950 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyrian purple, mainly composed of 6,6'-dibromoindigo (6BrIG), is an ancient dye extracted from sea snails and was recently demonstrated as a biocompatible semiconductor material. However, its synthesis remains limited due to uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways and the difficulty of regiospecific bromination. Here, we introduce an effective 6BrIG production strategy in Escherichia coli using tryptophan 6-halogenase SttH, tryptophanase TnaA and flavin-containing monooxygenase MaFMO. Since tryptophan halogenases are expressed in highly insoluble forms in E. coli, a flavin reductase (Fre) that regenerates FADH2 for the halogenase reaction was used as an N-terminal soluble tag of SttH. A consecutive two-cell reaction system was designed to overproduce regiospecifically brominated precursors of 6BrIG by spatiotemporal separation of bromination and bromotryptophan degradation. These approaches led to 315.0 mg l-1 6BrIG production from tryptophan and successful synthesis of regiospecifically dihalogenated indigos. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that 6BrIG overproducing cells can be directly used as a bacterial dye.
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16
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Cao HY, Ma YQ, Gao LX, Tang Q, Zheng XF. Photo induced reaction of myoglobins with energy transferred from excited free tryptophan. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43853-43858. [PMID: 35519687 PMCID: PMC9058398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the most studied proteins in biology, the photolysis mechanism of myoglobin heme affected by endogenous substances free amino acids is still in controversy. The transient absorption and kinetic processes of photo-excited myoglobin in three forms and the effects of free excited tryptophan on redox reaction of myoglobin were monitored by laser flash photolysis. With dual energy superposition of direct light irradiation and indirect energy transferred from the free excited tryptophan, the variation value in optical density (ΔOD) of MetMb increased by 66.7%, from 0.9 to 1.5. The ΔOD value of MbO2 in ferrous form increased from 0.9 to 1.25, while the ΔOD value of DeoxyMb increased from 0.75 to 1.2. The decay time of excited DeoxyMb was prolonged obviously with the excited tryptophan, while the decay time of excited MbO2 and MetMb was shortened significantly. The excited tryptophan could promote laser induced reaction processes of myoglobin in different forms by intermolecular energy transfer to one final similar photo reaction state. The possible photo induced reaction mechanisms of DeoxyMb, MbO2, MetMb with and without free tryptophan were also proposed. The dual energy superposition of direct light irradiation and indirect energy transferred from the free excited tryptophan promoted the photo induced reaction of myoglobin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Cao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry
| | - Yu-Qi Ma
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
| | - Ling-Xing Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry
| | - Xue-Fang Zheng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Dalian 116622
- China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry
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17
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Engineering Metalloprotein Functions in Designed and Native Scaffolds. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1022-1040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Lin YW. Rational Design of Artificial Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes with Metal Clusters. Molecules 2019; 24:E2743. [PMID: 31362341 PMCID: PMC6696605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteins and metalloenzymes play important roles in biological systems by using the limited metal ions, complexes, and clusters that are associated with the protein matrix. The design of artificial metalloproteins and metalloenzymes not only reveals the structure and function relationship of natural proteins, but also enables the synthesis of artificial proteins and enzymes with improved properties and functions. Acknowledging the progress in rational design from single to multiple active sites, this review focuses on recent achievements in the design of artificial metalloproteins and metalloenzymes with metal clusters, including zinc clusters, cadmium clusters, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper-sulfur clusters, as well as noble metal clusters and others. These metal clusters were designed in both native and de novo protein scaffolds for structural roles, electron transfer, or catalysis. Some synthetic metal clusters as functional models of native enzymes are also discussed. These achievements provide valuable insights for deep understanding of the natural proteins and enzymes, and practical clues for the further design of artificial enzymes with functions comparable or even beyond those of natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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19
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Xu J, Wang C, Cong Z. Strategies for Substrate-Regulated P450 Catalysis: From Substrate Engineering to Co-catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:6853-6863. [PMID: 30698852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) catalyze the monooxygenation of various organic substrates. These enzymes are fascinating and promising biocatalysts for synthetic applications. Despite the impressive abilities of P450s in the oxidation of C-H bonds, their practical applications are restricted by intrinsic drawbacks, such as poor stability, low turnover rates, the need for expensive cofactors (e.g., NAD(P)H), and the narrow scope of useful non-native substrates. These issues may be overcome through the general strategy of protein engineering, which focuses on the improvement of the catalysts themselves. Alternatively, several emerging strategies have been developed that regulate the P450 catalytic process from the viewpoint of the substrate. These strategies include substrate engineering, decoy molecule, and dual-functional small-molecule co-catalysis. Substrate engineering focuses on improving the substrate acceptance and reaction selectivity by means of an anchoring group. The latter two strategies utilize co-substrate-like small molecules that either are proposed to reform the active site, thereby switching the substrate specificity, or directly participate in the catalytic process, thereby creating new catalytic peroxygenation capabilities towards non-native substrates. For at least 10 years, these approaches have played unique roles in solving the problems highlighted above, either alone or in conjunction with protein engineering. Herein, we review three strategies for substrate regulation in the P450-catalyzed oxidation of non-native substrates. Furthermore, we address remaining challenges and potential solutions associated with these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of, Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of, Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Zhiqi Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
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