1
|
Yoon S, Lim S, Byeon J, Choi H, Seo YK, Kim DY. A novel strategy and characteristics of PVA/citric acid cross-linked hydrophilic elastic sponge of cellulose based on medicinal herb residue. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122404. [PMID: 39048239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A new ultra-hydrophilic elastic sponge composite has been proposed. Medicinal herbs, commonly used in herbal medicine and subsequently discarded, are rich in natural polymer substances, making them promising candidates for various material industries. TEMPO-oxidized cellulose was extracted from medicinal herb residue, and the physicochemical properties of an ultra-hydrophilic elastic sponge, prepared through a PVA and CA impregnate cross-linking process, were investigated. The fabricated composite sponge exhibited an increase in compressive stress-strain proportional to the PVA cross-linking concentration, and its water retention capability was assessed through retention tests. Swelling tests for various solvents were conducted to evaluate the potential use of the sponge in diverse industries, revealing the highest swelling ratio in water. Pressure distribution measurements using prescale film indicated that the sponge's shock absorption capacity was enhanced by PVA cross-linking, leading to improved pressure dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Yoon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohee Lim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihui Byeon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Fan Z, Peng D, Huang C, Wu X, Sun F. Tunning the hydrophobic performance and thermal stability of pectin film by acetic anhydride esterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133746. [PMID: 39004252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, is characterized by a high abundance of hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid groups, which results in a strong affinity for water and limits its suitability as a film material. This study aimed to modulate the esterification degree of PEC films by adjusting the concentration of acetic anhydride, and assess the impact of acetic anhydride esterification modification on the properties of the resultant PEC films. The results demonstrated successful grafting of acetic anhydride onto the galacturonic acid ring in the PEC molecule through the esterification process. The hydrophobicity, thermal stability, barrier properties, and mechanical properties of the esterified PEC films were investigated. Among the various concentrations tested, the E-PEC-0.25 film exhibited the highest contact angle of 103.46° and tensile strength of 33.44 MPa, showcasing optimal performance. The E-PEC-0.1 film achieved the highest esterification degree of 0.94 and elongation at a break of 21.11 %. It also exhibited the transparency of 11.66 and the lowest water vapor transmission rate of 0.56 g·mm/(m2·h·kpa). Additionally, TGA and DSC tests revealed enhanced thermal stability of the esterification-prepared films. These findings highlight the potential of acetic anhydride tuning as a promising strategy for optimizing pectin film production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Xinxing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Microbes and Insects Control Institute of Bio-based Materials, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Fangli Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Microbes and Insects Control Institute of Bio-based Materials, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee HG, Lee SY, Yoo S. Innovative food-upcycling solutions: Comparative analysis of edible films from kimchi-extracted cellulose, sorbitol, and citric acid for food packaging applications. Food Chem 2024; 450:139267. [PMID: 38615526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, kimchi-extracted cellulose was utilized to fabricate edible films using a hot synthetic approach, followed by solvent casting, and employing sorbitol and citric acid as the plasticizer and crosslinker, respectively. The chemical, optical, physical, and thermal properties of these films were explored to provide a comparative assessment of their suitability for various packaging applications. Chemical analyses confirmed that the kimchi-extracted cellulose comprised cellulose Iβ and amorphous cellulose and did not contain any impurities. Optical analyses revealed that kimchi-extracted cellulose-containing films exhibited better-dispersed surfaces than films fabricated from commercial cellulose. Physical property analyses indicated their hydrophilic characteristics with contact angles <20°. In the thermal analysis, similar Tg results confirmed the comparable thermal stability between films containing commercial microcrystalline cellulose-containing films and kimchi-extracted cellulose-containing films. Edible films produced from kimchi-extracted cellulose through food-upcycling approaches are therefore promising for applications as packaging materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gyu Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Youl Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeungRan Yoo
- Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Li M, Liu Z, Li R, Cao Y. Heat-sealable, transparent, and degradable arabinogalactan/polyvinyl alcohol films with UV-shielding, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133535. [PMID: 38945318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum-based packaging materials are nondegradable and unsustainable and thus are harmful to the environment. Renewable packaging films prepared from bio-based raw materials are promising alternatives to petroleum-based packaging materials. In this study, colorless and transparent bio-based films were successfully cast using a solution containing a mixture of arabinogalactan (AG) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Vanillin was incorporated into the mixture to endow the films with UV-shielding, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The morphological, physical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the blend films were then characterized. At an AG:PVA weight ratio of 1:3, and the vanillin content was 0.15 %, the tensile strength of the AG/PVA/Vanillin (APV) films reached ~28 MPa, while their elongation at break reached ~475 %. The addition of vanillin significantly affected the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the blend films, which exhibited superb UV barrier capacity. The APV films exhibited extremely low oxygen transmittance, delaying the onset of mold/rot in strawberries and reducing their weight loss. Because of the heat sealability of the blend films, they can be used for encapsulating various substances, such as concentrated laundry liquid. Moreover, the blend films were recyclable and biodegradable. Thus, these films have great potential for applications that require sustainable packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Mengqing Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Zhulan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Huatai Group Corp Ltd., Dongying 257335, PR China.
| | - Ren'ai Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen T, Liu H, Song S, Qiang S, An Y, Li J, Liu J, Chen B, Chen L, Liu F, Liu R, Jiang X, Liao X. Synthesis and its biological activity of carboxymethyl hemicellulose p-hydroxybenzoate (P-CMHC). Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108972. [PMID: 37852129 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose extracted from ecalyptus APMP pulping waste liquor and undergoes etherification modification to produce carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CMHC). Subsequently, CMHC undergoes esterification reaction with p-hydroxybenzoic acid to synthesize a novel polysaccharide-based preservative known as carboxymethyl hemicellulose p-hydroxybenzoate (P-CMHC). The synthesis conditions of P-CMHC were optimized using the response surface methodology, resulting in an optimal esterification condition that achieved a degree of substitution of 0.232. P-CMHC exhibits excellent antioxidant activity, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Additionally, it demonstrates favorable hygroscopic and moisturizing properties. Thiazole blue (MTT) experiments evaluating cell proliferation rate indicate that P-CMHC possesses negligible cytotoxicity, making it a promising, safe, and healthy preservative. Consequently, it can be considered as a new material for applications in the fields of biomedicine, food, and cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Haitang Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shunxi Song
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Patent Examination Cooperation Jiangsu Center of the Patent Office, CNIPA, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215163, China
| | - Yongzhen An
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jie Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jing Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Lin Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu G, Shi K, Sun H, Yang B, Weng Y. Enhancing Hydrophobicity and Oxygen Barrier of Xylan/PVOH Composite Film by 1,2,3,4-Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2811. [PMID: 37447457 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose has potential advantages in food packaging because of its abundant reserves, degradability and regeneration. However, compared with fossil-derived plastic films, hemicellulose-based films show inferior hydrophobicity and barrier properties because of their low degree of polymerization and strong hydrophilicity. Focusing on such issues, this work covers the modification of a xylan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) film using 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as esterifying agent. The thus prepared composite film was more compact owing to the esterification reaction with xylan and PVOH forming a crosslinked network structure and reducing the distance between molecular chains. The results showed that BTCA had a positive effect on the oxygen barrier, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the composite film. The tensile strength of the xylan/PVOH composite film with 10% BTCA content increased from 11.19 MPa to 13.99 MPa. A 20% BTCA loading resulted in an increase in the contact angle of the composite film from 87.1° to 108.2°, and a decrease in the oxygen permeability from 2.11 to 0.43 (cm3·µm)/(m2·d·kPa), corresponding to increase in the contact angle by 24% and a decrease in oxygen permeability by 80%. The overall performance enhancement indicates the potential application of such composites as food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cruz Fabian DR, Durpekova S, Dusankova M, Cisar J, Drohsler P, Elich O, Borkova M, Cechmankova J, Sedlarik V. Renewable Poly(Lactic Acid)Lignocellulose Biocomposites for the Enhancement of the Water Retention Capacity of the Soil. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102243. [PMID: 37242817 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript details the preparation and characterization of a renewable biocomposite material intended as a soil conditioner based on low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and residual biomass (wheat straw and wood sawdust). The swelling properties and biodegradability of the PLA-lignocellulose composite under environmental conditions were evaluated as indicators of its potential for applications in soil. Its mechanical and structural properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the incorporation of lignocellulose waste material into PLA increased the swelling ratio of the biocomposite by up to 300%. The application of the biocomposite of 2 wt% in soil enhanced its capacity for water retention by 10%. In addition, the cross-linked structure of the material proved to be capable of swelling and deswelling repeatedly, indicating its good reusability. Incorporating lignocellulose waste in the PLA enhanced its stability in the soil environment. After 50 days of the experiment, almost 50% of the sample had degraded in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rubicela Cruz Fabian
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Durpekova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Dusankova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Cisar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Drohsler
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Elich
- Dairy Research Institute, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Borkova
- Dairy Research Institute, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Cechmankova
- Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Zabovreska 250, 15627 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Sedlarik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cakir Yigit N, Karagoz I. A review of recent advances in bio-based polymer composite filaments for 3D printing. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2023.2190799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Cakir Yigit
- Polymer Materials Engineering Department, Yalova University, Yalova, Türkiye
| | - Idris Karagoz
- Polymer Materials Engineering Department, Yalova University, Yalova, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hemicellulose: Structure, Chemical Modification, and Application. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
|
10
|
Zhang X, Gao D, Luo W, Xiao N, Xiao G, Li Z, Liu C. Hemicelluloses-based sprayable and biodegradable pesticide mulch films for Chinese cabbage growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1350-1360. [PMID: 36436596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, one high-performance hemicelluloses (HC)-based sprayable and biodegradable pesticide mulch film was developed. Firstly, HC was transesterified with vinyl acetate (VA) to improve its solubility and film-forming ability. Then abamectin (ABA) was encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to endow mulch film persistent anti-pesticide activity. After that, sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin were added to develop the mechanical performances of the mulch film. As a result, the obtained mulch film showed good characteristics, with optimum mechanical strength, elongation at break, water vapor permeability (WVP), swelling ratio (SR), and weight loss (biodegradability) of 7.9 ± 0.3 MPa, 43.6 ± 2.0 %, 2.1 ± 0.1 × 10-11 g mm m-2 s-1 kPa-1, 73.8 ± 2.0 %, and 69.3 %, respectively. After covering with mulch film, the soil moisture and temperature were developed to 90.8 % and 19.3 ± 0.2 °C, respectively, which could facilitate Chinese cabbage growth, with optimum germination rate of 98.6 ± 6.4 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dahui Gao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhan Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Naiyu Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Zengyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuanfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez-Ramírez CA, Fascio ML, Agusti R, D’Accorso N, Garcia NL. Eco-friendly and efficient modification of native hemicelluloses via click reactions. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economic strategy is proposed to valorise the byproducts from an invasive bamboo with improved thermal stability for potential use in composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta L. Fascio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Agusti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma D’Accorso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Lis Garcia
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of quaternized and sulfated xylan-derivates with enhanced microbiological and antioxidant properties. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Wang H, Xue T, Wang S, Jia X, Cao S, Niu B, Guo R, Yan H. Preparation, characterization and food packaging application of nano ZnO@Xylan/quaternized xylan/polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:635-645. [PMID: 35777507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylan could be considered as a good potential candidate for food packaging film because of the vast source and biodegradability, however, its application was restricted by the drawbacks of poor film-forming property, humidity sensitivity, weak mechanical strength and poor antibacterial property. In this paper, xylan was firstly modified by quaternization to improve the film-forming property, then ZnO nanoparticles encapsulated by xylan (nano ZnO@Xylan) was prepared by nanoprecipitation method, finally a series of biodegradable composite films were prepared using quaternized xylan and polyvinyl alcohol with incorporation of nano ZnO@Xylan. The surface morphology, molecular structure and crystallography structure of the films were characterized. The addition of nano ZnO@Xylan decreased water vapor permeability and solubility, meanwhile obviously increased the ultraviolet shielding performance as well as the antibacterial properties of the films. The bacteriostasis rate of the films against E. coli and S. aureus reached up to 99 %. Furthermore, the preservation time of cherry tomatoes covered with ZnO@Xylan/QX/PVA films was extended to at least 21 days. In conclusion, all the results ensure that the fabricated composite films have considerable promising application in the food packaging industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Tianren Xue
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Shenghui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Baolong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Ruijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baldelli A, Boraey MA, Oguzlu H, Cidem A, Pascual Rodriguez A, Xin Ong H, Jiang F, Bacca M, Thamboo A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Engineered nasal dry powder for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2300-2308. [PMID: 35452791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the potential of nasal dry powders to deliver stable bioactive compounds and their manufacture using spray-drying (SD) techniques to achieve encapsulation. We also review currently approved and experimental excipients used for powder manufacturing for specific target drugs. Polymers, sugars, and amino acids are recommended for specific actions, such as mucoadhesive interactions, to increase residence time on the nasal mucosa; for example, high-molecular weight polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or mannitol, which protect the bioactive compounds, increase their stability, and enhance drug absorption in the nasal mucosa; and leucine, which promotes particle formation and improves aerosol performance. Teaser: XXXX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
| | - Mohammed A Boraey
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt.
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Mattia Bacca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin S, Sun F, Hu Z, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Li Y, Shi G, Chen J. Improving Aspergillus niger seed preparation and citric acid production by morphology controlling-based semicontinuous cultivation. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Sun H, Yang B, Fan B, Zhang H, Weng Y. Enhancement of Mechanical and Barrier Property of Hemicellulose Film via Crosslinking with Sodium Trimetaphosphate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:927. [PMID: 33802938 PMCID: PMC8002615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose is a kind of biopolymer with abundant resources and excellent biodegradability. Owing to its large number of polar hydroxyls, hemicellulose has a good barrier performance to nonpolar oxygen, making this biopolymer promising as food packaging material. Hydrophilic hydroxyls also make the polymer prone to water absorption, resulting in less satisfied strength especially under humid conditions. Thus, preparation of hemicellulose film with enhanced oxygen and water vapor barrier ability, as well as mechanical strength is still sought after. Herein, sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) was used as esterification agent to form a crosslinked structure with hemicellulose through esterification reaction to render improved barrier performance by reducing the distance between molecular chains. The thus modified hemicellulose film achieved an oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability of 3.72 cm3 × μm × m-2 × d-1 × kPa-1 and 2.85 × 10-10 × g × m-1 × s-1 × Pa-1, respectively, at the lowest esterification agent addition of 10%. The crosslinked structure also brought good mechanical and thermal properties, with the tensile strength reaching 30 MPa, which is 118% higher than that of the hemicellulose film. Preliminary test of its application in apple preservation showed that the barrier film obtained can effectively slow down the oxidation and dehydration of apples, showing the prospect of application in the field of food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (B.F.); (H.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Preparation and characterization of citric acid crosslinked konjac glucomannan/surface deacetylated chitin nanofibers bionanocomposite film. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2612-2621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
18
|
Development of functional chitosan-based composite films incorporated with hemicelluloses: Effect on physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Shao H, Zhao Y, Sun H, Yang B, Fan B, Zhang H, Weng Y. Barrier Film of Etherified Hemicellulose from Single-Step Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2199. [PMID: 32992935 PMCID: PMC7599748 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose with good biodegradability and low oxygen permeability shows great potential in food packaging. However, its strong hydrophilicity leads to its poor moisture resistance, which hinders its wider application. In this paper, a near-hydrophobic hemicellulose was obtained by using single-step synthesis from poplar powder via etherification modification with epoxy chloropropane. This proposed approach has the advantage of avoiding the destruction of hemicellulose structure by secondary alkali-hydrolysis, which was what usually occurred in traditional etherification procedures. The feasibility of using epoxy chloropropane as an alkylation reagent to etherify hemicellulose was confirmed, and the reaction mechanism was elucidated. Contact angle test, thermogravimetric analysis, oxygen transmittance test, and infrared spectrum analysis showed that the barrier property and thermal stability of etherified hemicellulose films have been significantly improved. At an epoxy chloropropane/wood powder ratio (volume/weight) of 2/3 (mL/g), the epoxy hemicellulose films contained the most epoxy groups and displayed the best performance, i.e., tensile strength of 14.6 MPa, surface contact angle of 71.7° and oxygen transmission coefficient of 1.9 (cm3·µm)/(m2·d·kPa), showing great promise as barrier film in food-packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuelong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao Y, Sun H, Yang B, Weng Y. Hemicellulose-Based Film: Potential Green Films for Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1775. [PMID: 32784786 PMCID: PMC7465936 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally increasing environmental awareness and the possibility of increasing price and dwindling supply of traditional petroleum-based plastics have led to a breadth of research currently addressing environmentally friendly bioplastics as an alternative solution. In this context, hemicellulose, as the second richest polysaccharide, has attracted extensive attention due to its combination of such advantages as abundance, biodegradability, and renewability. Herein, in this review, the latest research progress in development of hemicellulose film with regard to application in the field of food packaging is presented with particular emphasis on various physical and chemical modification approaches aimed at performance improvement, primarily for enhancement of mechanical, barrier properties, and hydrophobicity that are essential to food packing materials. The development highlights of hemicellulose film substrate are outlined and research prospects in the field are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gleuwitz FR, Sivasankarapillai G, Siqueira G, Friedrich C, Laborie MPG. Lignin in Bio-Based Liquid Crystalline Network Material with Potential for Direct Ink Writing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6049-6058. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Robert Gleuwitz
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Centre (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Gopakumar Sivasankarapillai
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Centre (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa Material Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials Research Centre (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Centre (FMF), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Xiao N, Chen M, Wei Y, Liu C. Functional packaging films originating from hemicelluloses laurate by direct transesterification in ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|