1
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Rodriguez HM, Martyniuk M, Iyer KS, Ciampi S. Insulator-on-Conductor Fouling Amplifies Aqueous Electrolysis Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10299-10311. [PMID: 38591156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The chemical industry is a major consumer of fossil fuels. Several chemical reactions of practical value proceed with the gain or loss of electrons, opening a path to integrate renewable electricity into chemical manufacturing. However, most organic molecules have low aqueous solubility, causing green and cheap electricity-driven reactions to suffer from intrinsically low reaction rates in industry's solvent of choice: water. Here, we show that a strategic, partial electrode fouling with hydrophobic insulators (oils and plastics) offsets kinetic limitations caused by poor reactant solubility, opening a new path for the direct integration of renewable electricity into the production of commodity chemicals. Through electrochemiluminescence microscopy, we reveal for the oxidation of organic reactants up to 6-fold reaction rate increase at the "fouled" oil-electrolyte-electrode interface relative to clean electrolyte-electrode areas. Analogously, electrodes partially masked (fouled) with plastic patterns, deposited either photolithographically (photoresists) or manually (inexpensive household glues and sealants), outperform clean electrodes. The effect is not limited to reactants of limited water solubility, and, for example, net gold electrodeposition rates are up to 22% larger at fouled than clean electrodes. In a system involving a surface-active reactant, rate augmentation is driven by the synergy between insulator-confined reactant enrichment and insulator-induced current crowding, whereas only the latter and possibly localized decrease in iR drop near the insulator are relevant in a system composed of non-surface-active species. Our counterintuitive electrode design enhances electrolysis rates despite the diminished area of intimate electrolyte-electrode contact and introduces a new path for upscaling aqueous electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Morris Rodriguez
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Martyniuk
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Killugudi Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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2
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Zhang W, Liu R, Lv X, Jiang L, Tang S, Liu G, Shen G, Huang X, Ma C, Yang B. Oxidant-Free Electrochemical Direct Oxidative Benzyl Alcohols to Benzyl Aldehydes Using Three-Dimensional Printing PPAR Polyoxometalate. Molecules 2023; 28:6460. [PMID: 37764236 PMCID: PMC10534777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of benzyl alcohols is an important reaction in organic synthesis. Traditional methods for benzyl alcohol oxidation have not been widely utilized due to the use of significant amounts of precious metals and environmentally unfriendly reagents. In recent years, electrocatalytic oxidation has gained significant attention, particularly electrochemical anodic oxidation, which offers a sustainable alternative for oxidation without the need for external oxidants or reducing agents. Here, a copper monosubstituted phosphotungstate-based polyacrylate resins (Cu-LPOMs@PPAR) catalyst has been fabricated with immobilization and recyclability using 3D printing technology that can be successfully applied in the electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, achieving atom economy and reducing pollution. In this protocol, we obtain benzaldehyde in good yields with excellent functional group toleration under metal-free and oxidant-free conditions. This strategy could provide a new avenue for heterogeneous catalysts in application for enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalytic oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Xueyan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Lirong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Silu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Guodong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Bingchuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (W.Z.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (S.T.); (G.S.); (X.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, China
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3
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Hayes G, Laurel M, MacKinnon D, Zhao T, Houck HA, Becer CR. Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2609-2734. [PMID: 36227737 PMCID: PMC9999446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Access to a wide range of plastic materials has been rationalized by the increased demand from growing populations and the development of high-throughput production systems. Plastic materials at low costs with reliable properties have been utilized in many everyday products. Multibillion-dollar companies are established around these plastic materials, and each polymer takes years to optimize, secure intellectual property, comply with the regulatory bodies such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Environmental Protection Agency and develop consumer confidence. Therefore, developing a fully sustainable new plastic material with even a slightly different chemical structure is a costly and long process. Hence, the production of the common plastic materials with exactly the same chemical structures that does not require any new registration processes better reflects the reality of how to address the critical future of sustainable plastics. In this review, we have highlighted the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Laurel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dan MacKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom.,Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
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4
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Ren C, Ji G, Li X, Zhang J. Direct Synthesis of Adipic Esters and Adiponitrile via Photoassisted Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkene Hydrodimerization. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201442. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University 299 Bayi Rd 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Ji
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University 299 Bayi Rd 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiankai Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University 299 Bayi Rd 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University 299 Bayi Rd 430072 Wuhan P. R. China
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5
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Site and Structural Requirements for the Dehydra-Decyclization of Cyclic Ethers on ZrO2. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the site and structural requirements for the dehydra-decyclization of cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran to produce conjugated dienes over ZrO2-based catalysts, a reaction that could be an important step in the use of biomass-derived sugars as a starting material to produce monomers for the plastics industry. To help identify the active sites for this reaction, studies were conducted in which ZrO2 surfaces were decorated with Na. These studies showed that Na was effective at poisoning the activity for the ring opening of cyclic ethers, but much less so for the dehydration of the resulting adsorbed alkoxides. The studies of the activity of different types of ZrO2 for the dehydra-decyclization reaction, including single crystals and ultra-thin films supported on MgAl2O4 and silica, also showed that the reaction was dependent on the local structure of the ZrO2 surface. The insights these results provide for identifying the active sites on the ZrO2 surface are discussed.
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6
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Wang YC, Yen JH, Huang CW, Chang TE, Chen YL, Chen YH, Lin CY, Kung CW. Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Electrocatalysts Competent for the Conversion of Acrylonitrile to Adiponitrile. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35534-35544. [PMID: 35914191 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of acrylonitrile (AN) to produce adiponitrile (ADN), the raw material for the production of Nylon 66, has become a crucial process owing to the increasing market demand of Nylon 66. Although the metallic Pb or Cd electrodes are commonly used for this reaction, the use of electrocatalysts or electrodes modified with catalysts has been barely investigated. In this study, nanoporous and electrically conductive metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived materials composed of Pb, PbO, and carbon are synthesized by carbonizing a Pb-based MOF through thermal treatments, and these MOF-derived materials are served as electrocatalysts for the electrosynthesis of ADN. The crystallinity, morphology, elemental composition, porosity, electrical conductivity, and electrochemically active surface area of each MOF-derived material are investigated. Mass-transport-corrected Tafel analysis is used to probe the enhanced kinetics for the electrochemical reduction of AN occurring at the electrode modified with the MOF-derived material. Electrolytic experiments at various applied potentials are conducted to quantify the production rate and Faradaic efficiency toward ADN, and the result shows that the MOF-derived materials can act as electrocatalysts to initiate the electrochemical reduction of AN to produce ADN at a reduced overpotential. The optimal MOF-derived electrocatalyst can achieve a Faradaic efficiency of 67% toward ADN at an applied potential of -0.85 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode─a much lower overpotential compared to that typically required for this reaction without the use of catalysts. Findings here shed light on the design and development of advanced electrocatalysts to boost the performances for the electrosynthesis of ADN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hui Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - You-Liang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
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7
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Bui JC, Lees EW, Pant LM, Zenyuk IV, Bell AT, Weber AZ. Continuum Modeling of Porous Electrodes for Electrochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11022-11084. [PMID: 35507321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis possesses substantial promise to utilize renewable energy sources to power the conversion of abundant feedstocks to value-added commodity chemicals and fuels. Of the potential system architectures for these processes, only systems employing 3-D structured porous electrodes have the capacity to achieve the high rates of conversion necessary for industrial scale. However, the phenomena and environments in these systems are not well understood and are challenging to probe experimentally. Fortunately, continuum modeling is well-suited to rationalize the observed behavior in electrochemical synthesis, as well as to ultimately provide recommendations for guiding the design of next-generation devices and components. In this review, we begin by presenting an historical review of modeling of porous electrode systems, with the aim of showing how past knowledge of macroscale modeling can contribute to the rising challenge of electrochemical synthesis. We then present a detailed overview of the governing physics and assumptions required to simulate porous electrode systems for electrochemical synthesis. Leveraging the developed understanding of porous-electrode theory, we survey and discuss the present literature reports on simulating multiscale phenomena in porous electrodes in order to demonstrate their relevance to understanding and improving the performance of devices for electrochemical synthesis. Lastly, we provide our perspectives regarding future directions in the development of models that can most accurately describe and predict the performance of such devices and discuss the best potential applications of future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Bui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric W Lees
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lalit M Pant
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Iryna V Zenyuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Claraz A, Masson G. Recent Advances in C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bond Formation through Cathodic Reactions: Reductive and Convergent Paired Electrolyses. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:126-147. [PMID: 36855458 PMCID: PMC9954344 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds is one of the major research goals of synthetic chemists. Electrochemistry is commonly considered to be an appealing means to drive redox reactions in a safe and sustainable fashion and has been utilized for C-C bond-forming reactions. Compared to anodic oxidative methods, which have been extensively explored, cathodic processes are much less investigated, whereas it can pave the way to alternative retrosynthetic disconnections of target molecules and to the discovery of new transformations. This review provides an overview on the recent achievements in the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds via cathodic reactions since 2017. It includes electrochemical reductions and convergent paired electrolyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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9
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Chen M, Zhao F, Fan W, Li J, Guo X. Proof-of-concept Study of a New Microflow Electrochemical Cell Design for Gas-Evolving Reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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10
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Huang WF, Yang MC. Electrosynthesis of Adiponitrile with a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fan Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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11
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Wu S, Zhang H, Huang X, Liao Q, Wei Z. Acrylonitrile Conversion on Metal Cathodes: How Surface Adsorption Determines the Reduction Pathways. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zidong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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12
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Lee J, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon EE, Lin KYA. Catalytic production of hexamethylenediamine from renewable feedstocks. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Bui JC, Digdaya I, Xiang C, Bell AT, Weber AZ. Understanding Multi-Ion Transport Mechanisms in Bipolar Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52509-52526. [PMID: 33169965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar membranes (BPMs) have the potential to become critical components in electrochemical devices for a variety of electrolysis and electrosynthesis applications. Because they can operate under large pH gradients, BPMs enable favorable environments for electrocatalysis at the individual electrodes. Critical to the implementation of BPMs in these devices is understanding the kinetics of water dissociation that occurs within the BPM as well as the co- and counter-ion crossover through the BPM, which both present significant obstacles to developing efficient and stable BPM-electrolyzers. In this study, a continuum model of multi-ion transport in a BPM is developed and fit to experimental data. Specifically, concentration profiles are determined for all ionic species, and the importance of a water-dissociation catalyst is demonstrated. The model describes internal concentration polarization and co- and counter-ion crossover in BPMs, determining the mode of transport for ions within the BPM and revealing the significance of salt-ion crossover when operated with pH gradients relevant to electrolysis and electrosynthesis. Finally, a sensitivity analysis reveals that the performance and lifetime of BPMs can be improved substantially by using of thinner dissociation catalysts, managing water transport, modulating the thickness of the individual layers in the BPM to control salt-ion crossover, and increasing the ion-exchange capacity of the ion-exchange layers in order to amplify the water-dissociation kinetics at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Bui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ibadillah Digdaya
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chengxiang Xiang
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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15
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16
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Ji Y, Lawal A, Nyholm A, Gorte RJ, Abdelrahman OA. Dehydra-decyclization of tetrahydrofurans to diene monomers over metal oxides. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia is a highly selective dehydra-decyclization catalyst for the production of diene monomers from biomass derived tetrahydrofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Ajibola Lawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Andrew Nyholm
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Raymond J. Gorte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
| | - Omar A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
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17
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Blanco DE, Prasad PA, Dunningan K, Modestino MA. Insights into membrane-separated organic electrosynthesis: the case of adiponitrile electrochemical production. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00389d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthetic processes are key players in the integration of renewable energy in chemical manufacturing, but face important challenges in selectivity and energy efficiency.
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18
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Optimizing organic electrosynthesis through controlled voltage dosing and artificial intelligence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17683-17689. [PMID: 31434786 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909985116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis can transform the chemical industry by introducing electricity-driven processes that are more energy efficient and that can be easily integrated with renewable energy sources. However, their deployment is severely hindered by the difficulties of controlling selectivity and achieving a large energy conversion efficiency at high current density due to the low solubility of organic reactants in practical electrolytes. This control can be improved by carefully balancing the mass transport processes and electrocatalytic reaction rates at the electrode diffusion layer through pulsed electrochemical methods. In this study, we explore these methods in the context of the electrosynthesis of adiponitrile (ADN), the largest organic electrochemical process in industry. Systematically exploring voltage pulses in the timescale between 5 and 150 ms led to a 20% increase in production of ADN and a 250% increase in relative selectivity with respect to the state-of-the-art constant voltage process. Moreover, combining this systematic experimental investigation with artificial intelligence (AI) tools allowed us to rapidly discover drastically improved electrosynthetic conditions, reaching improvements of 30 and 325% in ADN production rates and selectivity, respectively. This powerful AI-enhanced experimental approach represents a paradigm shift in the design of electrified chemical transformations, which can accelerate the deployment of more sustainable electrochemical manufacturing processes.
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19
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