1
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Bassani CL, van Anders G, Banin U, Baranov D, Chen Q, Dijkstra M, Dimitriyev MS, Efrati E, Faraudo J, Gang O, Gaston N, Golestanian R, Guerrero-Garcia GI, Gruenwald M, Haji-Akbari A, Ibáñez M, Karg M, Kraus T, Lee B, Van Lehn RC, Macfarlane RJ, Mognetti BM, Nikoubashman A, Osat S, Prezhdo OV, Rotskoff GM, Saiz L, Shi AC, Skrabalak S, Smalyukh II, Tagliazucchi M, Talapin DV, Tkachenko AV, Tretiak S, Vaknin D, Widmer-Cooper A, Wong GCL, Ye X, Zhou S, Rabani E, Engel M, Travesset A. Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advances and Open Problems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14791-14840. [PMID: 38814908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Bassani
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Greg van Anders
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Chen
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Dimitriyev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - G Ivan Guerrero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78295 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Michael Gruenwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Karg
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Colloid and Interface Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53717, USA
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bortolo M Mognetti
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Saeed Osat
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Grant M Rotskoff
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Leonor Saiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sara Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexei V Tkachenko
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David Vaknin
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex Travesset
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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2
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Abe K, Atkinson PS, Cheung CS, Liang H, Goehring L, Inasawa S. Dynamics of drying colloidal suspensions, measured by optical coherence tomography. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2381-2393. [PMID: 38376422 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01560b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal suspensions are the basis of a wide variety of coatings, prepared as liquids and then dried into solid films. The processes at play during film formation, however, are difficult to observe directly. Here, we demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide fast, non-contact, precise profiling of the dynamics within a drying suspension. Using a scanning Michelson interferometer with a broadband laser source, OCT creates cross-sectional images of the optical stratigraphy of a sample. With this method, we observed the drying of colloidal silica in Hele-Shaw cells with 10 μm transverse and 1.8 μm depth resolution, over a 1 cm scan line and a 15 s sampling period. The resulting images were calibrated to show how the concentration of colloidal particles varied with position and drying time. This gives access to important transport properties, for example, of how collective diffusion depends on particle concentration. Looking at early-time behaviours, we also show how a drying front initially develops, and how the induction time before the appearance of a solid film depends on the balance of diffusion and evaporation-driven motion. Pairing these results with optical microscopy and particle tracking techniques, we find that film formation can be significantly delayed by any density-driven circulation occurring near the drying front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Abe
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tan-cha, Onna, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0497, Japan
| | - Patrick Saul Atkinson
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Chi Shing Cheung
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Haida Liang
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Lucas Goehring
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Susumu Inasawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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3
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Liu B, Grest GS, Cheng S. Inducing stratification of colloidal mixtures with a mixed binary solvent. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9195-9205. [PMID: 37997155 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01192e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to demonstrate that a binary solvent can be used to stratify colloidal mixtures when the suspension is rapidly dried. The solvent consists of two components, one more volatile than the other. When evaporated at high rates, the more volatile component becomes depleted near the evaporation front and develops a negative concentration gradient from the bulk of the mixture to the liquid-vapor interface while the less volatile solvent is enriched in the same region and exhibit a positive concentration gradient. Such gradients can be used to drive a binary mixture of colloidal particles to stratify if one is preferentially attracted to the more volatile solvent and the other to the less volatile solvent. During solvent evaporation, the fraction of colloidal particles preferentially attracted to the less volatile solvent is enhanced at the evaporation front, whereas the colloidal particles having stronger attractions with the more volatile solvent are driven away from the interfacial region. As a result, the colloidal particles show a stratified distribution after drying, even if the two colloids have the same size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Liu
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Shengfeng Cheng
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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4
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Hooiveld E, Dols M, van der Gucht J, Sprakel J, van der Kooij HM. Quantitative imaging methods for heterogeneous multi-component films. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8871-8881. [PMID: 37955195 PMCID: PMC10663990 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01212c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The drying of multi-component dispersions is a common phenomenon in a variety of everyday applications, including coatings, inks, processed foods, and cosmetics. As the solvent evaporates, the different components may spontaneously segregate laterally and/or in depth, which can significantly impact the macroscopic properties of the dried film. To obtain a quantitative understanding of these processes, high-resolution analysis of segregation patterns is crucial. Yet, current state-of-the-art methods are limited to transparent, non-deformable labeled colloids, limiting their applicability. In this study, we employ three techniques that do not require customized samples, as their imaging contrast relies on intrinsic variations in the chemical nature of the constituent species: confocal Raman microscopy, cross-sectional Raman microscopy, and a combination of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). For broad accessibility, we offer a thorough guide to our experimental steps and data analysis methods. We benchmark the capabilities on a film that dries homogeneously at room temperature but exhibits distinct segregation features at elevated temperature, notably self-stratification, i.e., autonomous layer formation, due to a colloidal size mismatch. Confocal Raman microscopy offers a direct means to visualize structures in three dimensions without pre-treatment, its accuracy diminishes deeper within the film, making cross-sectional Raman imaging and SEM-EDX better options. The latter is the most elaborate method, yet we show that it can reveal the most subtle and small-scale microseparation of the two components in the lateral direction. This comparative study assists researchers in choosing and applying the most suitable technique to quantify structure formation in dried multi-component films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellard Hooiveld
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Dols
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne M van der Kooij
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Murdoch T, Quienne B, Argaiz M, Tomovska R, Espinosa E, D’Agosto F, Lansalot M, Pinaud J, Caillol S, Martín-Fabiani I. One Step Closer to Coatings Applications Utilizing Self-Stratification: Effect of Rheology Modifiers. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:6672-6684. [PMID: 37588086 PMCID: PMC10425952 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-stratification of model blends of colloidal spheres has recently been demonstrated as a method to form multifunctional coatings in a single pass. However, practical coating formulations are complex fluids with upward of 15 components. Here, we investigate the influence of three different rheology modifiers (RMs) on the stratification of a 10 wt % 7:3 w:w blend of 270 and 96 nm anionic latex particles that do not stratify without RM. However, addition of a high molar mass polysaccharide thickener, xanthan gum, raises the viscosity and corresponding Péclet number enough to achieve small-on-top stratification as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Importantly, this was possible due to minimal particle-rheology modifier interactions, as demonstrated by the bulk rheology. In contrast, Carbopol 940, a microgel-based RM, was unable to achieve small-on-top stratification despite a comparable increase in viscosity. Instead, pH-dependent interactions with latex particles lead to either laterally segregated structures at pH 3 or a surface enrichment of large particles at pH 8. Strong RM-particle interactions are also observed when the triblock associative RM HEUR10kC12 is used. Here, small-on-top, large-enhanced, and randomly mixed structures were observed at respectively 0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt % HEUR10kC12. Combining rheology, dynamic light scattering, and AFM results allows the mechanisms behind the nonmonotonic stratification in the presence of associative RMs to be elucidated. Our results highlight that stratification can be predicted and controlled for RMs with weak particle interactions, while a strong RM-particle interaction may afford a wider range of stratified structures. This takes a step toward successfully harnessing stratification in coatings formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
J. Murdoch
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, LE11 1RJ Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Baptiste Quienne
- CNRS,
ENSCM, ICGM, Univ Montpellier, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Maialen Argaiz
- POLYMAT
and Departmento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Zentroa, Tolosa
Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT
and Departmento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Zentroa, Tolosa
Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Edgar Espinosa
- CPE
Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials
(CP2M), Univ Lyon, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- CPE
Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials
(CP2M), Univ Lyon, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- CPE
Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials
(CP2M), Univ Lyon, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Pinaud
- CNRS,
ENSCM, ICGM, Univ Montpellier, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- CNRS,
ENSCM, ICGM, Univ Montpellier, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
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6
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Heil CM, Patil A, Vanthournout B, Singla S, Bleuel M, Song JJ, Hu Z, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD, Sinha SK, Jayaraman A, Dhinojwala A. Mechanism of structural colors in binary mixtures of nanoparticle-based supraballs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2859. [PMID: 37235651 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by structural colors in avian species, various synthetic strategies have been developed to produce noniridescent, saturated colors using nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoparticle mixtures varying in particle chemistry and size have additional emergent properties that affect the color produced. For complex multicomponent systems, understanding the assembled structure and a robust optical modeling tool can empower scientists to identify structure-color relationships and fabricate designer materials with tailored color. Here, we demonstrate how we can reconstruct the assembled structure from small-angle scattering measurements using the computational reverse-engineering analysis for scattering experiments method and use the reconstructed structure in finite-difference time-domain calculations to predict color. We successfully, quantitatively predict experimentally observed color in mixtures containing strongly absorbing nanoparticles and demonstrate the influence of a single layer of segregated nanoparticles on color produced. The versatile computational approach that we present is useful for engineering synthetic materials with desired colors without laborious trial-and-error experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Heil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anvay Patil
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Bram Vanthournout
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Saranshu Singla
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Markus Bleuel
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, 4418 Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
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7
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Li S, van der Ven LGJ, Spoelstra AB, Tuinier R, Esteves ACC. Tunable distribution of silica nanoparticles in water-borne coatings via strawberry supracolloidal dispersions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:185-197. [PMID: 37196492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Water-borne coatings are rapidly expanding as sustainable alternatives to organic solvent-borne systems. Inorganic colloids are often added to aqueous polymer dispersions to enhance the performance of water-borne coatings. However, these bimodal dispersions have many interfaces which can result in unstable colloids and undesirable phase separation. The covalent bonding between individual colloids, on a polymer-inorganic core-corona supracolloidal assembly, could reduce or suppress instability and phase separation during drying of coatings, advancing its mechanical and optical properties. METHODS Aqueous polymer-silica supracolloids with a core-corona strawberry configuration were used to precisely control the silica nanoparticles distribution within the coating. The interaction between polymer and silica particles was fine-tuned to obtain covalently bound or physically adsorbed supracolloids. Coatings were prepared by drying the supracolloidal dispersions at room temperature, and their morphology and mechanical properties were interconnected. FINDINGS Covalently bound supracolloids provided transparent coatings with a homogeneous 3D percolating silica nanonetwork. Supracolloids having physical adsorption only, resulted in coatings with a stratified silica layer at interfaces. The well-arranged silica nanonetworks strongly improve the storage moduli and water resistance of the coatings. These supracolloidal dispersions offer a new paradigm for preparing water-borne coatings with enhanced mechanical properties and other functionalities, like structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert G J van der Ven
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne B Spoelstra
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Catarina C Esteves
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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8
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Zheng J, Chen J, Jin Y, Wen Y, Mu Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Tong P, Li Z, Hou X, Tang J. Photochromism from wavelength-selective colloidal phase segregation. Nature 2023; 617:499-506. [PMID: 37198311 PMCID: PMC10191859 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phase segregation is ubiquitously observed in immiscible mixtures, such as oil and water, in which the mixing entropy is overcome by the segregation enthalpy1-3. In monodispersed colloidal systems, however, the colloidal-colloidal interactions are usually non-specific and short-ranged, which leads to negligible segregation enthalpy4. The recently developed photoactive colloidal particles show long-range phoretic interactions, which can be readily tuned with incident light, suggesting an ideal model for studying phase behaviour and structure evolution kinetics5,6. In this work, we design a simple spectral selective active colloidal system, in which TiO2 colloidal species were coded with spectral distinctive dyes to form a photochromic colloidal swarm. In this system, the particle-particle interactions can be programmed by combining incident light with various wavelengths and intensities to enable controllable colloidal gelation and segregation. Furthermore, by mixing the cyan, magenta and yellow colloids, a dynamic photochromic colloidal swarm is formulated. On illumination of coloured light, the colloidal swarm adapts the appearance of incident light due to layered phase segregation, presenting a facile approach towards coloured electronic paper and self-powered optical camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yakang Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yijiang Mu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changjin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penger Tong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Bamboriya OP, Tirumkudulu MS. Universality in the buckling behavior of drying suspension drops. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2605-2611. [PMID: 36947449 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fast evaporation of particle-suspension drops results in complex morphologies of the final dried granules. Understanding the morphological transformations is important to industrial processes such as spray drying where droplets of particulate suspensions are dried at a fast rate to produce granules of thermally sensitive materials. The transformation of an initial spherical shell to complex morphologies of the final dried granule has been attributed to the buckling of particle-packed shells. Here, we demonstrate a universal scaling law for buckling that depends on the particle size, hardness, particle packing and size of drying drop. The critical transition for buckling is set by a dimensionless number that measures the competition between the compressive stress generated by capillary forces and the elastic strength of the packing. The same dimensionless number is also responsible for cracking of drying colloidal films, suggesting a universality in the mechanical behaviour of particle packings saturated with a solvent. These results should enable design of hierarchically structured, buckle-free granules with varying porosity, surface composition and internal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Bamboriya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Mahesh S Tirumkudulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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10
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Xu J, Wang Z, Chu HCW. Unidirectional drying of a suspension of diffusiophoretic colloids under gravity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9247-9259. [PMID: 36950706 PMCID: PMC10026375 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments (K. Inoue and S. Inasawa, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 15763-15768) and simulations (J.-B. Salmon and F. Doumenc, Phys. Rev. Fluids, 2020, 5, 024201) demonstrated the significant impact of gravity on unidirectional drying of a colloidal suspension. However, under gravity, the role of colloid transport induced by an electrolyte concentration gradient, a mechanism known as diffusiophoresis, is unexplored to date. In this work, we employ direct numerical simulations and develop a macrotransport theory to analyze the advective-diffusive transport of an electrolyte-colloid suspension in a unidirectional drying cell under the influence of gravity and diffusiophoresis. We report three key findings. First, drying a suspension of solute-attracted diffusiophoretic colloids causes the strongest phase separation and generates the thinnest colloidal layer compared to non-diffusiophoretic or solute-repelled colloids. Second, when colloids are strongly solute-repelled, diffusiophoresis prevents the formation of colloid concentration gradient and hence gravity has a negligible effect on colloidal layer formation. Third, our macrotransport theory predicts new scalings for the growth of the colloidal layer. The scalings match with direct numerical simulations and indicate that the colloidal layer produced by solute-repelled diffusiophoretic colloids could be an order of magnitude thicker compared to non-diffusiophoretic or solute-attracted colloids. Our results enable tailoring the separation of colloid-electrolyte suspensions by tuning the interactions between the solvent, electrolyte, and colloids under Earth's or microgravity, which is central to ground-based and in-space applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Zhikui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Henry C W Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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11
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Palmer TR, van der Kooij HM, Abu Bakar R, McAleese CD, Duewel M, Greiner K, Couture P, Sharpe MK, Keddie JL. Diffusiophoresis-Driven Stratification in Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Films from Bimodal Waterborne Colloids. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1565-1576. [PMID: 36817335 PMCID: PMC9926484 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The uses of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are wide ranging, with applications including labels, tapes, and graphics. To achieve good adhesion, a PSA must exhibit a balance of viscous and elastic properties. Previous research has found that a thin, elastic surface layer on top of a softer, dissipative layer resulted in greater tack adhesion compared with the single layers. Superior properties were achieved through a bilayer obtained via successive depositions, which consume energy and time. To achieve a multilayered structure via a single deposition process, we have stratified mixtures of waterborne colloidal polymer particles with two different sizes: large poly(acrylate) adhesive particles (ca. 660 nm in diameter) and small poly(butyl acrylate) (pBA) particles (ca. 100 nm). We used two types of pBA within the particles: either viscoelastic pBA without an added cross-linker or elastic pBA with a fully cross-linked network. Stratified surface layers of deuterium-labeled pBA particles with thicknesses of at least 1 μm were found via elastic recoil detection and qualitatively verified via the analysis of surface topography. The extent of stratification increased with the evaporation rate; films that were dried slowest exhibited no stratification. This result is consistent with a model of diffusiophoresis. When the elastic, cross-linked pBA particles were stratified at the surface, the tack adhesion properties made a transition from brittle failure to tacky. For pBA without an added cross-linker, all adhesives showed fibrillation during debonding, but the extent of fibrillation increased when the films were stratified. These results demonstrate that the PSA structure can be controlled through the processing conditions to achieve enhanced properties. This research will aid the future development of layered or graded single-deposition PSAs with designed adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby R. Palmer
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Hanne M. van der Kooij
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
and Research, 6708 WEWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohani Abu Bakar
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Callum D. McAleese
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Mathis Duewel
- Synthomer
Germany GmbH, Werrastraße 10, 45768Marl, Germany
| | - Katja Greiner
- Synthomer
Germany GmbH, Werrastraße 10, 45768Marl, Germany
| | - Pierre Couture
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Matthew K. Sharpe
- Surrey
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Joseph L. Keddie
- Department
of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, SurreyGU2 7XH, U.K.
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12
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In-situ and quantitative imaging of evaporation-induced stratification in binary suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:666-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Stratified and gradient films by evaporation-induced stratification of bimodal latexes. Potential of confocal and scanning electron microscopy for compositional depth profiling. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Perez A, Kynaston E, Lindsay C, Ballard N. Semi‐crystalline/amorphous latex blends for coatings with improved mechanical performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Perez
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia‐San Sebastián Spain
| | - Emily Kynaston
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell UK
| | | | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia‐San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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15
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Kundu M, Howard MP. Dynamic density functional theory for drying colloidal suspensions: Comparison of hard-sphere free-energy functionals. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:184904. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic density functional theory (DDFT) is a promising approach for predicting the structural evolution of a drying suspension containing one or more types of colloidal particles. The assumed free-energy functional is a key component of DDFT that dictates the thermodynamics of the model and, in turn, the density flux due to a concentration gradient. In this work, we compare several commonly used free-energy functionals for drying hard-sphere suspensions, including local-density approximations based on the ideal-gas, virial, and Boublík–Mansoori–Carnahan–Starling–Leland (BMCSL) equations of state as well as a weighted-density approximation based on fundamental measure theory (FMT). To determine the accuracy of each functional, we model one- and two-component hard-sphere suspensions in a drying film with varied initial heights and compositions, and we compare the DDFT-predicted volume fraction profiles to particle-based Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. FMT accurately predicts the structure of the one-component suspensions even at high concentrations and when significant density gradients develop, but the virial and BMCSL equations of state provide reasonable approximations for smaller concentrations at a reduced computational cost. In the two-component suspensions, FMT and BMCSL are similar to each other but modestly overpredict the extent of stratification by size compared to BD simulations. This work provides helpful guidance for selecting thermodynamic models for soft materials in nonequilibrium processes, such as solvent drying, solvent freezing, and sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Michael P. Howard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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16
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Lee D, Charpota N, Mei H, Terlier T, Pietrzak D, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Impact of Processing Effects on Surface Segregation of Bottlebrush Polymer Additives. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nilesh Charpota
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Danica Pietrzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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17
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Tang Y, McLaughlan JE, Grest GS, Cheng S. Modeling Solution Drying by Moving a Liquid-Vapor Interface: Method and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193996. [PMID: 36235944 PMCID: PMC9573352 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of simulating the drying process of a soft matter solution with an implicit solvent model by moving the liquid-vapor interface is applied to various solution films and droplets. For a solution of a polymer and nanoparticles, we observe “polymer-on-top” stratification, similar to that found previously with an explicit solvent model. Furthermore, “polymer-on-top” is found even when the nanoparticle size is smaller than the radius of gyration of the polymer chains. For a suspension droplet of a bidisperse mixture of nanoparticles, we show that core-shell clusters of nanoparticles can be obtained via the “small-on-outside” stratification mechanism at fast evaporation rates. “Large-on-outside” stratification and uniform particle distribution are also observed when the evaporation rate is reduced. Polymeric particles with various morphologies, including Janus spheres, core-shell particles, and patchy particles, are produced from drying droplets of polymer solutions by combining fast evaporation with a controlled interaction between the polymers and the liquid-vapor interface. Our results validate the applicability of the moving interface method to a wide range of drying systems. The limitations of the method are pointed out and cautions are provided to potential practitioners on cases where the method might fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tang
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John E. McLaughlan
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Shengfeng Cheng
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-5767
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18
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Singh PK, Pacholski ML, Gu J, Go YK, Singhal G, Leal C, Braun PV, Patankar KA, Drumright R, Rogers SA, Schroeder CM. Designing Multicomponent Polymer Colloids for Self-Stratifying Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11160-11170. [PMID: 36053575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous polymer colloids known as latexes are widely used in coating applications. Multicomponent latexes comprised of two incompatible polymeric species organized into a core-shell particle morphology are a promising system for self-stratifying coatings that spontaneously partition into multiple layers, thereby yielding complex structured coatings requiring only a single application step. Developing new materials for self-stratifying coatings requires a clear understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties governing phase separation and polymeric species transport. In this work, we study phase separation and self-stratification in polymer films based on multicomponent acrylic (shell) and acrylic-silicone (core) latex particles. Our results show that the molecular weight of the shell polymer and heat aging conditions of the film critically determine the underlying transport phenomena, which ultimately controls phase separation in the film. Unentangled shell polymers result in efficient phase separation within hours with heat aging at reasonable temperatures, whereas entangled shell polymers effectively inhibit phase separation even under extensive heat aging conditions over a period of months due to kinetic limitations. Transmission electron microscopy is used to track morphological changes as a function of thermal aging. Interestingly, our results show that the rheological properties of the latex films are highly sensitive to morphology, and linear shear rheology is used to understand morphological changes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of bulk rheology as a simple and effective tool for understanding changes in morphology in multicomponent latex films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junsi Gu
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-2914, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ray Drumright
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
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19
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Heil C, Patil A, Dhinojwala A, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) with Machine Learning Enhancement to Determine Structure of Nanoparticle Mixtures and Solutions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:996-1007. [PMID: 35912348 PMCID: PMC9335921 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new open-source, machine learning (ML) enhanced computational method for experimentalists to quickly analyze high-throughput small-angle scattering results from multicomponent nanoparticle mixtures and solutions at varying compositions and concentrations to obtain reconstructed 3D structures of the sample. This new method is an improvement over our original computational reverse-engineering analysis for scattering experiments (CREASE) method (ACS Materials Au2021, 1 (2 (2), ), 140-156), which takes as input the experimental scattering profiles and outputs a 3D visualization and structural characterization (e.g., real space pair-correlation functions, domain sizes, and extent of mixing in binary nanoparticle mixtures) of the nanoparticle mixtures. The new gene-based CREASE method reduces the computational running time by >95% as compared to the original CREASE and performs better in scenarios where the original CREASE method performed poorly. Furthermore, the ML model linking features of nanoparticle solutions (e.g., concentration, nanoparticles' tendency to aggregate) to a computed scattering profile is generic enough to analyze scattering profiles for nanoparticle solutions at conditions (nanoparticle chemistry and size) beyond those that were used for the ML training. Finally, we demonstrate application of this new gene-based CREASE method for analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering results from a nanoparticle solution with unknown nanoparticle aggregation and small-angle neutron scattering results from a binary nanoparticle assembly with unknown mixing/segregation among the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
M. Heil
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Anvay Patil
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, 201 DuPont
Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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20
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Park JS, Yun J, Chun B, Jung HW. Mild stratification in drying films of colloidal mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3487-3497. [PMID: 35438125 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Size stratification of bidisperse colloidal mixtures during vertical drying was investigated using the implicit solvent Langevin dynamics (LD) simulation and the explicit solvent lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. Simulations were performed for the Péclet number (Pe) over a wide range of 1-1000. In the case of a low size ratio of 2, mild stratification was observed in both simulation methods, in contrast to distinct stratification with thick "small-on-top" or "large-on-top" layers. The LD simulations exhibited a "small-on-top" stratification or mixed state. In contrast, the LB simulations exhibited a "large-on-top" or mixed state, according to the variation in Pe. The results demonstrated that the explicit solvent reduced the collective diffusion under moderate Pe conditions. This suppressed the steep concentration gradient of small particles in the packed region of particles near the air-solvent interface. Thus, distinguishable stratification patterns were obtained for the implicit and explicit solvent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinseong Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoungjin Chun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Schulz M, Brinkhuis R, Crean C, Sear RP, Keddie JL. Suppression of self-stratification in colloidal mixtures with high Péclet numbers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2512-2516. [PMID: 35297936 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The non-equilibrium assembly of bimodal colloids during evaporative processes is an attractive means to achieve gradient or stratified layers in thick films. Here, we show that the stratification of small colloids on top of large is prevented when the viscosity of the continuous aqueous phase is too high. We propose a model where a too narrow width of the gradient in concentration of small colloids suppresses the stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulz
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - R Brinkhuis
- Allnex, Nieuwe Kanaal 7N, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Crean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - R P Sear
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - J L Keddie
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
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22
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Phase Diagram of Dairy Protein Mixes Obtained by Single Droplet Drying Experiments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040562. [PMID: 35206038 PMCID: PMC8870937 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy powders are mainly produced by droplet spray drying, an articulated process that enables the manufacture of high added-value goods with a long shelf life and well-preserved functional properties. Despite the recent advances, a full understanding of the mechanisms occurring at the droplet scale in drying towers and, consequently, of the impact of process parameters and processed fluid characteristics on the powder properties is far from being achieved. In the wake of previous studies based on a laboratory scale approach, in this work, we provided a global picture of the drying in droplets of dairy protein mixes, i.e., whey proteins and casein micelles, which represent crucial dairy powder ingredients. Using profile visualization and optical microscopy, we explored the shape evolution in droplets with a range of protein contents and compositions typical of commercial powder production. The observation favored the evaluation of the specific role of each protein on the evaporation dynamics, and led to the construction of a phase diagram predictive of the dry droplet shape starting from the characteristics of the initial protein dispersions. Our outcomes represent a further step shedding light on the paradigm linking the physics of drying at the microscale and the nutritional properties of complex dairy powders.
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23
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Guzman-Sepulveda JR, Wu R, Dogariu A. Continuous Optical Measurement of Internal Dynamics in Drying Colloidal Droplets. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13533-13541. [PMID: 34870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accessing the colloidal dynamics non-invasively and continuously during the phase transition of a colloidal system is challenging but critical. Here, we demonstrate the use of spatiotemporal coherence-gated light scattering for studying the internal dynamics of drying colloidal droplets. The continuously acquired signal originates from a picoliter-sized volume located at the droplet-substrate interface. The measurement is non-contact, non-invasive, and label free and permits real-time observations of both optical and mechanical changes in the measurement volume. Additionally, some macroscopic descriptors of the drying process can be constructed from the microscopic measurement, providing ample information of the process. Implemented with an endoscopic-like probe, this system can be easily incorporated into the existing drop profiling instruments, which is potential for the full characterization of dynamic colloidal droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Guzman-Sepulveda
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Ruitao Wu
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Aristide Dogariu
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius Street, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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24
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Abstract
A framework for performant Brownian Dynamics (BD) many-body simulations with adaptive timestepping is presented. Contrary to the Euler-Maruyama scheme in common non-adaptive BD, we employ an embedded Heun-Euler integrator for the propagation of the overdamped coupled Langevin equations of motion. This enables the derivation of a local error estimate and the formulation of criteria for the acceptance or rejection of trial steps and for the control of optimal stepsize. Introducing erroneous bias in the random forces is avoided by rejection sampling with memory due to Rackauckas and Nie, which makes use of the Brownian bridge theorem and guarantees the correct generation of a specified random process even when rejecting trial steps. For test cases of Lennard-Jones fluids in bulk and in confinement, it is shown that adaptive BD solves performance and stability issues of conventional BD, already outperforming the latter even in standard situations. We expect this novel computational approach to BD to be especially helpful in long-time simulations of complex systems, e.g., in non-equilibrium, where concurrent slow and fast processes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sammüller
- Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Chiappara C, Arrabito G, Ferrara V, Scopelliti M, Sancataldo G, Vetri V, Chillura Martino DF, Pignataro B. Improved Photocatalytic Activity of Polysiloxane TiO 2 Composites by Thermally Induced Nanoparticle Bulk Clustering and Dye Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10354-10365. [PMID: 34461725 PMCID: PMC8413002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fine control of nanoparticle clustering within polymeric matrices can be tuned to enhance the physicochemical properties of the resulting composites, which are governed by the interplay of nanoparticle surface segregation and bulk clustering. To this aim, out-of-equilibrium strategies can be leveraged to program the multiscale organization of such systems. Here, we present experimental results indicating that bulk assembly of highly photoactive clusters of titanium dioxide nanoparticles within an in situ synthesized polysiloxane matrix can be thermally tuned. Remarkably, the controlled nanoparticle clustering results in improved degradation photocatalytic performances of the material under 1 sun toward methylene blue. The resulting coatings, in particular the 35 wt % TiO2-loaded composites, show a photocatalytic degradation of about 80%, which was comparable to the equivalent amount of bare TiO2 and two-fold higher with respect to the corresponding composites not subjected to thermal treatment. These findings highlight the role of thermally induced bulk clustering in enhancing photoactive nanoparticle/polymer composite properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Chiappara
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM),
UdR of Palermo, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM),
UdR of Palermo, Florence 50121, Italy
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Building 16, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Scopelliti
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Valeria Vetri
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM),
UdR of Palermo, Florence 50121, Italy
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Building 16, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Building 17, V.le delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
- National
Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM),
UdR of Palermo, Florence 50121, Italy
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26
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Jeong JH, Lee YK, Ahn KH. Drying mechanism of monodisperse colloidal film: Evolution of normal stress and its correlation with microstructure. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Young Ki Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
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27
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Heil C, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments of Assembled Binary Mixture of Nanoparticles. ACS MATERIALS AU 2021; 1:140-156. [PMID: 36855396 PMCID: PMC9888618 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a computational method for analyzing results from scattering experiments on dilute solutions of supraparticles, where each supraparticle is created by the assembly of nanoparticle mixtures. Taking scattering intensity profiles and nanoparticle mixture composition and size distributions in each supraparticle as input, this computational approach called computational reverse engineering analysis for scattering experiments (CREASE) uses a genetic algorithm to output information about the structure of the assembled nanoparticles (e.g., real space pair correlation function, extent of nanoparticle mixing/segregation, sizes of domains) within a supraparticle. We validate this method by taking as input in silico scattering intensity profiles from coarse-grained molecular simulations of a binary mixture of nanoparticles, forming a close-packed structure and testing if our computational method can correctly reproduce the nanoparticle structure observed in those simulations. We test the strengths and limitations of our method using a variety of in silico scattering intensity profiles obtained from simulations of a spherical or a cubic supraparticle comprising binary nanoparticle mixtures with varying chemistries, with and without dispersity in sizes, that exhibit well-mixed to strongly segregated structures. The strengths of the presented method include its capability to analyze scattering intensity profiles even when the wavevector q range is limited, to handily provide all of the pairwise radial distribution functions, and to correctly determine the extent of segregation/mixing of the nanoparticles assembled in complex geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
M. Heil
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States,Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States,
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28
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Yu M, Le Floch-Fouéré C, Pauchard L, Boissel F, Fu N, Chen XD, Saint-Jalmes A, Jeantet R, Lanotte L. Skin layer stratification in drying droplets of dairy colloids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Baba H, Yoshioka R, Takatori S, Oe Y, Yoshikawa K. Transitions among Cracking, Peeling and Homogenization on Drying of an Aqueous Solution Containing Glucose and Starch. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Baba
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Risa Yoshioka
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takatori
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yohei Oe
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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30
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Ge T, Cheng S, Tg. Physicochemical properties of respiratory droplets and their role in COVID-19 pandemics: a critical review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:10-18. [PMID: 35837254 PMCID: PMC9255823 DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112x.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious challenge faced by the global community. Physical scientists can help medical workers and biomedical scientists, engineers, and practitioners, who are working on the front line, to slow down and eventually contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This review is focused on the physicochemical characteristics, including composition, aerodynamics, and drying behavior of respiratory droplets as a complex and multicomponent soft matter system, which are the main carrier of the virus for interpersonal transmission. The distribution and dynamics of virus particles within a droplet are also discussed. Understanding the characteristics of virus-laden respiratory droplets can lead to better design of personal protective equipment, frequently touched surfaces such as door knobs and touchscreens, and filtering equipment for indoor air circulation. Such an understanding also provides the scientific basis of public policy, including social distancing rules and public hygiene guidelines, implemented by governments around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Corresponding authors: Ting Ge, ; Shengfeng Cheng,
| | - Shengfeng Cheng
- Department of Physics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA,Corresponding authors: Ting Ge, ; Shengfeng Cheng,
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31
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Kusaka Y, Kawamura T, Nakagawa M, Okamoto K, Tanaka K, Fukuda N. Fabrication of extremely conductive high-aspect silver traces buried in hot-embossed polycarbonate films via the direct gravure doctoring method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Opdam J, Schelling MPM, Tuinier R. Phase behavior of binary hard-sphere mixtures: Free volume theory including reservoir hard-core interactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0037963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Opdam
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. P. M. Schelling
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R. Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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33
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He B, Martin-Fabiani I, Roth R, Tóth GI, Archer AJ. Dynamical Density Functional Theory for the Drying and Stratification of Binary Colloidal Dispersions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1399-1409. [PMID: 33471532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We develop a dynamical density functional theory based model for the drying of colloidal films on planar surfaces. We consider mixtures of two different sizes of hard-sphere colloids. Depending on the solvent evaporation rate and the initial concentrations of the two species, we observe varying degrees of stratification in the final dried films. Our model predicts the various structures described in the literature previously from experiments and computer simulations, in particular the small-on-top stratified films. Our model also includes the influence of adsorption of particles to the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshen He
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roland Roth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gyula I Tóth
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Archer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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34
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Kim BQ, Qiang Y, Turner KT, Choi SQ, Lee D. Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021; 8:2001421. [DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baekmin Q. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Kevin T. Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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35
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Tinkler JD, Scacchi A, Kothari HR, Tulliver H, Argaiz M, Archer AJ, Martín-Fabiani I. Evaporation-driven self-assembly of binary and ternary colloidal polymer nanocomposites for abrasion resistant applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:729-740. [PMID: 32818678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We harness the self-assembly of aqueous binary latex/silica particle blends during drying to fabricate films segregated by size in the vertical direction. We report for the first time the experimental drying of ternary colloidal dispersions and demonstrate how a ternary film containing additional small latex particles results in improved surface stability and abrasion resistance compared with a binary film. Through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), we show that the vertical distribution of filler particles and the surface morphologies of the films can be controlled by altering the evaporation rate and silica volume fraction. We report the formation of various silica superstructures at the film surface, which we attribute to a combination of diffusiophoresis and electrostatic interactions between particles. Brownian dynamics simulations of the final stages of solvent evaporation provide further evidence for this formation mechanism. We show how an additional small latex particle population results in an increased abrasion resistance of the film without altering its morphology or hardness. Our work provides a method to produce water-based coatings with enhanced abrasion resistance as well as valuable insights into the mechanisms behind the formation of colloidal superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Tinkler
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Harsh R Kothari
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Hanna Tulliver
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Maialen Argaiz
- POLYMAT and Departmento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrew J Archer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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36
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Kolegov K, Barash L. Applying droplets and films in evaporative lithography. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102271. [PMID: 33010576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review covers experimental results of evaporative lithography and analyzes existing mathematical models of this method. Evaporating droplets and films are used in different fields, such as cooling of heated surfaces of electronic devices, diagnostics in health care, creation of transparent conductive coatings on flexible substrates, and surface patterning. A method called evaporative lithography emerged after the connection between the coffee ring effect taking place in drying colloidal droplets and naturally occurring inhomogeneous vapor flux densities from liquid-vapor interfaces was established. Essential control of the colloidal particle deposit patterns is achieved in this method by producing ambient conditions that induce a nonuniform evaporation profile from the colloidal liquid surface. Evaporative lithography is part of a wider field known as "evaporative-induced self-assembly" (EISA). EISA involves methods based on contact line processes, methods employing particle interaction effects, and evaporative lithography. As a rule, evaporative lithography is a flexible and single-stage process with such advantages as simplicity, low price, and the possibility of application to almost any substrate without pretreatment. Since there is no mechanical impact on the template in evaporative lithography, the template integrity is preserved in the process. The method is also useful for creating materials with localized functions, such as slipperiness and self-healing. For these reasons, evaporative lithography attracts increasing attention and has a number of noticeable achievements at present. We also analyze limitations of the approach and ways of its further development.
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37
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Schulz M, Smith RW, Sear RP, Brinkhuis R, Keddie JL. Diffusiophoresis-Driven Stratification of Polymers in Colloidal Films. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1286-1291. [PMID: 35638630 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular composition of polymer blend surfaces defines properties such as adhesion, wetting, gloss, and biocompatibility. The surface composition often differs from the bulk because of thermodynamic effects or modification. Mixtures of colloids and linear polymers in a common solvent are often used to deposit films for use in encapsulants, inks, coatings, and adhesives. However, means to control the nonequilibrium surface composition are lacking for these systems. Here we show how the surface composition and hydrophilicity of a film deposited from a bimodal mixture of linear polymers and colloids in water can be adjusted simply by varying the evaporation rate. Ion beam analysis was used to quantify the extent of stratification of the linear polymers near the surface, and the results are in agreement with a recent diffusiophoretic model. Because our approach to stratification relies solely on diffusiophoresis, it is widely applicable to any system deposited from colloids and nonadsorbing polymers in solution as a means to tailor surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Schulz
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Smith
- Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Sear
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph L Keddie
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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38
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Hiroshige S, Minato H, Nishizawa Y, Sasaki Y, Kureha T, Shibayama M, Uenishi K, Takata T, Suzuki D. Temperature-dependent relationship between the structure and mechanical strength of volatile organic compound-free latex films prepared from poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) microspheres. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Howard MP, Nikoubashman A. Stratification of polymer mixtures in drying droplets: Hydrodynamics and diffusion. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054901. [PMID: 32770900 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the evaporation-induced stratification of a mixture of short and long polymer chains in a drying droplet using molecular simulations. We systematically investigate the effects of hydrodynamic interactions (HI) on this process by comparing hybrid simulations accounting for HI between polymers through the multiparticle collision dynamics technique with free-draining Langevin dynamics simulations neglecting the same. We find that the dried supraparticle morphologies are homogeneous when HI are included but are stratified in core-shell structures (with the short polymers forming the shell) when HI are neglected. The simulation methodology unambiguously attributes this difference to the treatment of the solvent in the two models. We rationalize the presence (or absence) of stratification by measuring phenomenological multicomponent diffusion coefficients for the polymer mixtures. The diffusion coefficients show the importance of not only solvent backflow but also HI between polymers in controlling the dried supraparticle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Howard
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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40
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Samanta A, Bordes R. On the effect of particle surface chemistry in film stratification and morphology regulation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6371-6378. [PMID: 32568354 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of colloids and binders are often used to formulate functional coatings. In these mixtures, competition between particle migration, polymer chain diffusion, evaporation and sedimentation affects their respective spatial location and therefore can govern the surface features. In addition to this, the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles (NPs) and the resulting interparticle interactions can play a significant role in dictating the morphology and the properties of resultant films. Hence it would be possible to tune the surface and bulk topology of the films by controlling these parameters. A combination of various acrylic binders with two types of silica sols, bare (BSiO2) and modified silica (MSiO2), differing in their ability to gel, were formulated and dried under controlled conditions. Factors influencing the mobility and migration of binder and silica particles were evaluated with respect to particle concentration and drying rate. MSiO2 films showed prominent pores with gradual increase in Si% across the cross-section of the films, whereas, BSiO2 films had no pores and showed a uniform Si content across the cross-section of the films. This difference is explained by the variation in gelation between BSiO2 compared to MSiO2, that hindered the NPs migration and affects the infiltration and stratification process. This study paves a path forward to achieve desired surface and bulk porosity from colloidal silica coatings by effective control of chemistry of particles along with process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
| | - Romain Bordes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
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41
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Kureha T, Hiroshige S, Suzuki D, Sawada J, Aoki D, Takata T, Shibayama M. Quantification for the Mixing of Polymers on Microspheres in Waterborne Latex Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4855-4862. [PMID: 32348148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the structural analysis and understanding of the toughness of latex films, in which soft elastomer microspheres are interpenetrated, a method to quantitatively analyze the mixing of polymer chains at the microsphere surface, i.e., delocalization of hydrophilic charged group on the polymer chains by aging, has not yet been established. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering was applied to characterize latex films by assuming a pseudo-two-phase system, which consists of an average-electron density microsphere core and a high-electron density interphase between the microsphere interfaces due to localized charged groups. The thus obtained parameter, i.e., the characteristic interfacial thickness (tinter), quantitatively reflects the degree of mixing of polymer chains on the microsphere surface. We found that tinter is strongly correlated to the fracture energy of the latex films. The proposed analysis method for the microscopic mixing of polymers on the microsphere surface in the film can thus be expected to shed light on design guidelines for industrial latex films and on the understanding of the mechanical properties of such films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kureha
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Suzuki
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
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42
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Chun B, Yoo T, Jung HW. Temporal evolution of concentration and microstructure of colloidal films during vertical drying: a lattice Boltzmann simulation study. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:523-533. [PMID: 31807739 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the temporal and structural development of colloid films during vertical drying using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulation. The dispersed particles moving in Brownian motion have excluded volume and hydrodynamic interactions in the film. The concentrated colloidal film formed by solvent evaporation is modeled as an uniaxial compression of colloids with a planar moving interface. The simulation studies are carried out over a wide range of Péclet number (Pe), the relative ratio between the evaporation rate and the diffusion rate of colloids. The results clearly demonstrate a temporal variation of colloid concentration as the evaporation rate increases. In the case of high Pe, the increase of colloid concentration in the top layer creates structural features that can be distinguished along the height of the film, and eventually can induce a large tensile stress in the layer. However, surprisingly, the colloids are maximally crystallized in the case of moderate Pe. The LB simulation results are further compared with those from previous studies of the Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulation and the continuum model for the evaporation film. The LB and BD results match well both at low and high Pe limits. The qualitatively significant differences between LB and BD simulations at a moderate Pe indicate that hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) play an important role in this Pe. The presence of HIs induces a greater reduction of diffusion than under geometrical restriction alone, and the effect is conspicuous when particles are driven both by diffusion and by advection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjin Chun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Inoue K, Inasawa S. Drying-induced back flow of colloidal suspensions confined in thin unidirectional drying cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15763-15768. [PMID: 35493636 PMCID: PMC9052441 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A clear back flow was observed in the thin unidirectional drying cell of a colloidal suspension. Flow around the colloidal-particle packing front was more complex than expected, even though a colloidal suspension was confined in a narrow space with a submillimeter-scale or shorter gap height. We propose that an increase in particle concentration around the packing front induces downward flow, which is the origin for back flow inside the cell. A mathematical model, which considered both a drying induced horizontal flow and a circulation flow caused by a concentration gradient of particles, showed a reasonable agreement with experimental data for the width of the back-flow region. The concentration gradient of particles was not negligible and it generated a rather complicated flow even in a thin drying liquid film. Gravity-driven back flow is spontaneously generated even in a thin drying colloidal suspension in a Hele-Shaw cell.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Inoue
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Susumu Inasawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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Inoue K, Inasawa S. Positive and negative birefringence in packed films of binary spherical colloidal particles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2566-2574. [PMID: 35496111 PMCID: PMC9048605 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09704j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the birefringence in packed films of binary spherical colloidal particles. Particulate films were obtained by drying a mixed suspension of colloidal particles with two different diameters. We observed positive and negative birefringence depending on the diameters and volume ratios of the large and small particles. When the diameters of the large and small particles were similar, the films showed positive birefringence. However, negative birefringence or weakening of positive birefringence was observed in films with a large diameter ratio and an optimal volume fraction of large particles. The large particles were embedded in packed small particles in the negative and weakened positive birefringent films. We propose a packing structure in which a single shell layer of small particles formed around a large particle. Using this model, we estimated the required volume ratio of large particles, and it was in good agreement with the optimal volume fraction. The relation between the packing structure of the binary colloidal particles and the birefringence is discussed. We have investigated the birefringence in packed films of binary spherical colloidal particles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Inoue
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Susumu Inasawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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Xiao M, Hu Z, Gartner TE, Yang X, Li W, Jayaraman A, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD, Dhinojwala A. Experimental and theoretical evidence for molecular forces driving surface segregation in photonic colloidal assemblies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1254. [PMID: 31555734 PMCID: PMC6754227 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface segregation in binary colloidal mixtures offers a simple way to control both surface and bulk properties without affecting their bulk composition. Here, we combine experiments and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations to delineate the effects of particle chemistry and size on surface segregation in photonic colloidal assemblies from binary mixtures of melanin and silica particles of size ratio (D large /D small) ranging from 1.0 to ~2.2. We find that melanin and/or smaller particles segregate at the surface of micrometer-sized colloidal assemblies (supraballs) prepared by an emulsion process. Conversely, no such surface segregation occurs in films prepared by evaporative assembly. CG-MD simulations explain the experimental observations by showing that particles with the larger contact angle (melanin) are enriched at the supraball surface regardless of the relative strength of particle-interface interactions, a result with implications for the broad understanding and design of colloidal particle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Thomas E. Gartner
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Shawkey
- Evolution & Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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46
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Grest GS. Stratification of drying particle suspensions: Comparison of implicit and explicit solvent simulations. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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47
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Liu W, Midya J, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Nikoubashman A. Segregation in Drying Binary Colloidal Droplets. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4972-4979. [PMID: 30897326 PMCID: PMC6727607 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
When a colloidal suspension droplet evaporates from a solid surface, it leaves a characteristic deposit in the contact region. These deposits are common and important for many applications in printing, coating, or washing. By the use of superamphiphobic surfaces as a substrate, the contact area can be reduced so that evaporation is almost radially symmetric. While drying, the droplets maintain a nearly perfect spherical shape. Here, we exploit this phenomenon to fabricate supraparticles from bidisperse colloidal aqueous suspensions. The supraparticles have a core-shell morphology. The outer region is predominantly occupied by small colloids, forming a close-packed crystalline structure. Toward the center, the number of large colloids increases and they are packed amorphously. The extent of this stratification decreases with decreasing the evaporation rate. Complementary simulations indicate that evaporation leads to a local increase in density, which, in turn, exerts stronger inward forces on the larger colloids. A comparison between experiments and simulations suggest that hydrodynamic interactions between the suspended colloids reduce the extent of stratification. Our findings are relevant for the fabrication of supraparticles for applications in the fields of chromatography, catalysis, drug delivery, photonics, and a better understanding of spray-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Liu
- Department
of Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiarul Midya
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kappl
- Department
of Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Department
of Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Tang Y, Grest GS, Cheng S. Control of Stratification in Drying Particle Suspensions via Temperature Gradients. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4296-4304. [PMID: 30807180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A potential strategy for controlling stratification in a drying suspension of bidisperse particles is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. When the suspension is maintained at a constant temperature during fast drying, it can exhibit "small-on-top" stratification with an accumulation (depletion) of smaller (larger) particles in the top region of the drying film, consistent with the prediction of current theories based on diffusiophoresis. However, when only the region near the substrate is thermalized at a constant temperature, a negative temperature gradient develops in the suspension because of evaporative cooling at the liquid-vapor interface. Since the associated thermophoresis is stronger for larger nanoparticles, a higher fraction of larger nanoparticles migrate to the top of the drying film at fast evaporation rates. As a result, stratification is converted to "large-on-top". Very strong small-on-top stratification can be produced with a positive thermal gradient in the drying suspension. Here, we explore a way to produce a positive thermal gradient by thermalizing the vapor at a temperature higher than that of the solvent. Possible experimental approaches to realize various thermal gradients in a suspension undergoing solvent evaporation and thus to produce different stratification states in the drying film are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tang
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Shengfeng Cheng
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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49
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Limousin E, Ballard N, Asua JM. Soft core-hard shell latex particles for mechanically strong VOC-free polymer films. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Limousin
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
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50
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Limousin E, Ballard N, Asua JM. Synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal armored latex particles for mechanically strong nanocomposite films. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically strong films are generated from cellulose nanocrystal armored latex particles synthesized by emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Limousin
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
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