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Mohamed MG, Kuo SW. Progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5535-5561. [PMID: 35880446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes recent progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic POSS hybrids derived from mono-, di-, and multi-functionalized POSS cages. We highlight the self-assembled structures and physical properties of giant surfactants and chain-end- and side-chain-type hybrids derived from mono-functionalized POSS cages; main-chain-type hybrids derived from di-functionalized POSS cages; and star-shaped hybrids derived from multi-functionalized POSS cages; with various polymeric attachments, including polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), phenolic, PVPh, and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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2
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Hydrophilic Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Nanodrug Delivery System: Structural Influence and Antitumor Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112242. [PMID: 35683914 PMCID: PMC9182916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(amino acids) have advanced characteristics, including unique secondary structure, enzyme degradability, good biocompatibility, and stimuli responsibility, and are suitable as drug delivery nanocarriers for tumor therapy. The isoform structure of poly(amino acids) plays an important role in their antitumor efficacy and should be researched in detail. In this study, two kinds of pH-sensitive isoforms, including α-poly(glutamic acid) (α-PGA) and γ-PGA, were selected and used as nanocarriers to prepare a nanodrug delivery system. According to the preparation results, α-PGA can be used as an ideal drug carrier. Selecting doxorubicin (DOX) as the model drug, an α-PGA/DOX nanoparticle (α-PGA/DOX NPs) with a particle size of 110.4 nm was prepared, and the drug-loading content was 66.2%. α-PGA/DOX NPs presented obvious sustained and pH-dependent release characteristics. The IC50 value of α-PGA/DOX NPs was 1.06 ± 0.77 μg mL−1, decreasing by approximately 8.5 fold in vitro against 4T1 cells after incubation for 48 h. Moreover, α-PGA/DOX NPs enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo, the tumor inhibition rate was 67.4%, increasing 1.5 fold over DOX injection. α-PGA/DOX NPs also reduced the systemic toxicity and cardiotoxicity of DOX. In sum, α-PGA is a biosafe nanodrug delivery carrier with potential clinical application prospects.
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Fortelný I, Jůza J. The Effects of Copolymer Compatibilizers on the Phase Structure Evolution in Polymer Blends-A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247786. [PMID: 34947377 PMCID: PMC8707745 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of studies describing the effect of block and graft copolymers on the phase structure formation and evolution in immiscible polymer blends. The main phenomenological rules for prediction of the copolymer compatibilization efficiency are briefly described and compared with selected experimental data. The results of the theories of equilibrium distribution of a copolymer between the blend interface and the bulk phases and its effect on the blend interfacial tension are summarized. The theories of the compatibilizer effect on the droplet breakup in flow are analyzed. The mechanisms of the copolymer effect on the coalescence of droplets in flow are compared and their effect on the droplet size is shown. The problems of reliable description of the effect of a copolymer on the coalescence in quiescent state are presented. Obstacles to derivation of a realistic theory of the copolymer effect on the competition between the droplet breakup and coalescence are discussed. Selected experimental data are compared with the theoretical results.
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4
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Removal of some approximations in calculation of the effect of a block copolymer on the interfacial tension in polymer blends. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Kojima H, Handa K, Yamada K, Matubayasi N. Water Dissolved in a Variety of Polymers Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and a Theory of Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9357-9371. [PMID: 34351173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a polymer medium as a separation membrane is determined by the dissolution free energy ΔG and diffusion coefficient D of the permeant. In this work, ΔG and D of water are investigated with all-atom molecular dynamics simulation in a wide variety of polymer species in the amorphous state. The computed ΔG is shown to agree well with the experimental value for linear homopolymers, and the degrees of polymerization of the homopolymers do not affect ΔG when they are beyond ∼10. The copolymers of ethylene-vinylidene difluoride, ethylene-vinyl acetate, and ethylene-acrylamide are then examined by changing the repeating patterns of the constituent monomers in both the periodic and graft forms. It is found that ΔG is determined primarily by the overall compositions of the monomers and is not affected by the copolymerization topology (periodic or graft). The hydrophobicity of the copolymer is enhanced, furthermore, when the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the ethylene and non-ethylene parts are well contrasted and those parts are fragmented along the polymer chain. According to the computed D, the diffusivity of water tends to be larger when the (co)polymer is more hydrophobic and ΔG is more positive. D is actually seen to vary by orders of magnitude with the polymer structures, while the effect of the polymer species on the water permeation is stronger for ΔG than for D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kojima
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuya Handa
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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6
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Koski JP, Frischknecht AL. Self-Assembled Vesicles from Mixed Brush Nanoparticles in Solution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Koski
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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7
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Bačová P, Mintis DG, Gkolfi E, Harmandaris V. Mikto-Arm Stars as Soft-Patchy Particles: From Building Blocks to Mesoscopic Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1114. [PMID: 33915849 PMCID: PMC8037958 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an atomistic molecular dynamics study of self-assembled mikto-arm stars, which resemble patchy-like particles. By increasing the number of stars in the system, we propose a systematic way of examining the mutual orientation of these fully penetrable patchy-like objects. The individual stars maintain their patchy-like morphology when creating a mesoscopic (macromolecular) self-assembled object of more than three stars. The self-assembly of mikto-arm stars does not lead to a deformation of the stars, and their shape remains spherical. We identified characteristic sub-units in the self-assembled structure, differing by the mutual orientation of the nearest neighbor stars. The current work aims to elucidate the possible arrangements of the realistic, fully penetrable patchy particles in polymer matrix and to serve as a model system for further studies of nanostructured materials or all-polymer nanocomposites using the mikto-arm stars as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Dimitris G. Mintis
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Eirini Gkolfi
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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8
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Jůza J, Fortelný I. Analysis of the effect of the interaction parameters of copolymer blocks on their efficiency in reducing the interfacial tension between the components of immiscible polymer blends. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Bačová P, Glynos E, Anastasiadis SH, Harmandaris V. How Does the Number of Arms Affect the Properties of Mikto-Arm Stars in a Selective Oligomeric Matrix? Insights from Atomistic Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1138-1148. [PMID: 33490773 PMCID: PMC7818313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a simulation study of amphiphilic mikto-arm star copolymers in a selective polymer host. By means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the structural and dynamical properties of mikto-arm stars with varying number, n, of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) arms, (PEO) n (PS) n in a 33% wt blend with an oligomeric PEO host (o-PEO). As the number of arms increases, the stars resemble more spherical particles with less separated PEO and PS intramolecular domains. As a result of their internal morphology and associated geometrical constraints, the mikto-arm stars self-assemble either into cylindrical-like objects or a percolated network with increasing n, within the o-PEO matrix. The segmental dynamics is mostly governed by the star architecture and the heterogeneous local environment, formed by the intra- and intermolecular nanosegregation. We discuss the role of each factor and compare the results with previously published studies on mikto-arm stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros H. Anastasiadis
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute
of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computation-Based
Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Gkolfi E, Bačová P, Harmandaris V. Size and Shape Characteristics of Polystyrene and Poly(ethylene oxide) Star Polymer Melts Studied By Atomistic Simulations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Gkolfi
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Crete Heraklion Crete GR‐71409 Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Crete GR‐70013 Greece
| | - Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Crete GR‐70013 Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Crete Heraklion Crete GR‐71409 Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Crete GR‐70013 Greece
- Computation‐Based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str. Nicosia 2121 Cyprus
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11
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Bačová P, Glynos E, Anastasiadis SH, Harmandaris V. Spatio-temporal heterogeneities in nanosegregated single-molecule polymeric nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4584-4590. [PMID: 32309828 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of the coupling between structural and dynamical heterogeneities in nanostructured systems is essential for the design of hybrid materials with the desired properties. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to closely examine the dynamical heterogeneities in nanostructured single-molecule nanoparticles consisting of mikto-arm star copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and polystyrene, PS, arms. The particles exhibit an internally nanostructured morphology, resembling either "Janus-like" or "patchy-like" morphology when the functionality of the stars varies. The differences in the local environment result in strong intramolecular dynamical heterogeneities. In the proximity of the star core, geometric constraints promote unfavorable PEO:PS contacts that lead to a behavior similar to dynamically asymmetric miscible polymer blends or disordered copolymers. In contrast, further away from the core, the nanosegregation induces segmental dynamics very similar to the one found in the homopolymer star analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros H Anastasiadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece. and Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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12
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Glynos E, Pantazidis C, Sakellariou G. Designing All-Polymer Nanostructured Solid Electrolytes: Advances and Prospects. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2531-2540. [PMID: 32095677 PMCID: PMC7033665 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-phase nanostructured polymer electrolytes, where the one phase conducts ions while the other imparts the desired mechanical properties, are currently the most promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes in high-density lithium metal batteries. In contrast to homogeneous polymer electrolytes, where ion transport is coupled with polymer segmental dynamics and any attempt to improve conductivity via faster polymer motions results in a decrease in stiffness, nanostructured materials efficiently decouple these two antagonistic parameters. Nevertheless, for reasons discussed herein the synthesis of a polymer electrolyte that simultaneously has a shear modulus of G' ≈ GPa and an ion conductivity of σ > 10-4 S/cm (in the case dual ion conductor) or of σ > 10-5 S/cm (in the case of single-ion conductor) remains a challenge. This review focuses on recent designing strategies for the synthesis of all-polymer nanostructured electrolytes, and protocols for introducing a single-ion character in such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology−Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion,
Crete GR, Greece
| | - Christos Pantazidis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Bačová P, Glynos E, Anastasiadis SH, Harmandaris V. Nanostructuring Single-Molecule Polymeric Nanoparticles via Macromolecular Architecture. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2439-2449. [PMID: 30742409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous polymer-based nanoparticles comprise a very promising family of materials for a broad range of applications. Here, we present a detailed study of structural heterogeneities in nanostructured single-molecule nanoparticles in various environments by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The nanoparticles consist of mikto-arm star copolymers with two types of chemically incompatible arms, namely poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polystyrene (PS), (PS) n,(PEO) n, where n is the number of arms. The immiscibility between the two components gives rise to intramolecularly nanostructured particles. The nanostructured objects resemble either "Janus-like" or "patchy-like" particles, depending on the number or the length of the arms (or both) as well as the interaction with the surrounding medium. The degree of intramolecular heterogeneity increases with increasing number of arms and with decreasing affinity of star components to the polymer host. We provide a detailed analysis of the internal structure of the star-shaped particles, focusing on the intramolecular packing and the spatial arrangement of the arms. The results of our study can be used to design heterogeneous, internally nanostructured particles with two phases of distinct static properties for challenging specific applications of next-generation materials.
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