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Yang P, Tang AL, Tan S, Wang GY, Huang HY, Niu W, Liu ST, Ge MH, Yang LL, Gao F, Zhou X, Liu LW, Yang S. Recent progress and outlooks in rhodamine-based fluorescent probes for detection and imaging of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. Talanta 2024; 274:126004. [PMID: 38564824 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) serve as vital mediators essential for preserving intracellular redox homeostasis within the human body, thereby possessing significant implications across physiological and pathological domains. Nevertheless, deviations from normal levels of ROS, RNS, and RSS disturb redox homeostasis, leading to detrimental consequences that compromise bodily integrity. This disruption is closely linked to the onset of various human diseases, thereby posing a substantial threat to human health and survival. Small-molecule fluorescent probes exhibit considerable potential as analytical instruments for the monitoring of ROS, RNS, and RSS due to their exceptional sensitivity and selectivity, operational simplicity, non-invasiveness, localization capabilities, and ability to facilitate in situ optical signal generation for real-time dynamic analyte monitoring. Due to their distinctive transition from their spirocyclic form (non-fluorescent) to their ring-opened form (fluorescent), along with their exceptional light stability, broad wavelength range, high fluorescence quantum yield, and high extinction coefficient, rhodamine fluorophores have been extensively employed in the development of fluorescent probes. This review primarily concentrates on the investigation of fluorescent probes utilizing rhodamine dyes for ROS, RNS, and RSS detection from the perspective of different response groups since 2016. The scope of this review encompasses the design of probe structures, elucidation of response mechanisms, and exploration of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - A-Ling Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guang-Ye Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hou-Yun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shi-Tao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mei-Hong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Ye C, Lin S, Li J, Meng P, Huang L, Li D. Comprehensive insights into fluorescent probes for the determination nitric oxide for diseases diagnosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107505. [PMID: 38865860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in multiple physiological processes of the body involved in regulation, such as cardiovascular relaxation, neural homeostasis, and immune regulation, etc. The real-time monitoring of NO is of great significance in the investigation of related disease mechanisms and the evaluation of pharmacodynamics. Fluorescent probes are considered as a highly promising approach for pharmaceutical analysis and bioimaging due to their non-invasive character, real-time detection, and high sensitivity. However, there are still some challenges in the determination of biological nitric oxide with fluorescent probes, such as low anti-interference ability, poor function modifiability, and low organ specificity. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a new generation of fluorescent probes for real-time bioimaging of NO in vivo after this systematic summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqian Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Shufang Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Jinyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Peng Meng
- Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Luqiang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China.
| | - Daliang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China.
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3
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Lalitha R, Velmathi S. A Study of Small Molecule-Based Rhodamine-Derived Chemosensors and their Implications in Environmental and Biological Systems from 2012 to 2021: Latest Advancement and Future Prospects. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:15-118. [PMID: 37212978 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhodamine-based chemosensors have sparked considerable interest in recent years due to their remarkable photophysical properties, which include high absorption coefficients, exceptional quantum yields, improved photostability, and significant red shifts. This article presents an overview of the diverse fluorometric, and colorimetric sensors produced from rhodamine, as well as their applications in a wide range of fields. The ability of rhodamine-based chemosensors to detect a wide range of metal ions, including Hg+2, Al3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Sn4+, Zn2+, and Pb2+, is one of their major advantages. Other applications of these sensors include dual analytes, multianalytes, and relay recognition of dual analytes. Rhodamine-based probes can also detect noble metal ions such as Au3+, Ag+, and Pt2+. They have been used to detect pH, biological species, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, anions, and nerve agents in addition to metal ions. The probes have been engineered to undergo colorimetric or fluorometric changes upon binding to specific analytes, rendering them highly selective and sensitive by ring-opening via different mechanisms such as Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), Chelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF), Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). For improved sensing performance, light-harvesting dendritic systems based on rhodamine conjugates has also been explored for enhanced sensing performance. These dendritic arrangements permit the incorporation of numerous rhodamine units, resulting in an improvement in signal amplification and sensitivity. The probes have been utilised extensively for imaging biological samples, including imaging of living cells, and for environmental research. Moreover, they have been combined into logic gates for the construction of molecular computing systems. The usage of rhodamine-based chemosensors has created significant potential in a range of disciplines, including biological and environmental sensing as well as logic gate applications. This study focuses on the work published between 2012 and 2021 and emphasises the enormous research and development potential of these probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raguraman Lalitha
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India.
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Li X, Chen H, Wang Y, Chen H, Gao Y. BODIPY-Based NO Probe for Macrophage-Targeted Immunotherapy Response Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7320-7328. [PMID: 37113062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Precise and rapid detection of immune responses is critical for timely therapeutic regimen adjustment. Immunomodulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a protumorigenic phenotype (M2) to an antitumorigenic phenotype (M1) is crucial in macrophage-targeted immunotherapy. Herein, we developed a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescence probe BDP3 to detect the immune responses after immunotherapy by monitoring the nitric oxide (NO) released by M1 TAMs. With an aromatic primary monoamine structure and a p-methoxyanilin electron donor in the meso-position, BDP3 not only specifically activates stable and sensitive fluorescence by NO via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process but also achieves a long emission wavelength for efficient in vitro and in vivo imaging. Such NO-induced fluorescence signals of BDP3 are validated to correlate well with the phenotypes of TAMs detected in macrophage cell lines and tumor tissues. The distinct sensing effects toward two types of clinically used immunotherapeutic drugs further confirm the ability of BDP3 for specific monitoring of the M1/M2 switch in response to the macrophage-targeted immunotherapy. By virtue of good biocompatibility and appropriate tumor retention time, BDP3 could be a potential fluorescent probe for noninvasive evaluation of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of macrophage-targeted immunotherapy in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Shang Z, Shu L, Liu J, Meng Q, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Triphenylamine-embedded copper(II) complex as a "turn-on" fluorescent probe for the detection of nitric oxide in living animals. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4537-4544. [PMID: 36314283 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of three major signaling molecules, which is involved in a large amount of physiological and pathological processes in biological systems. Furthermore, more and more evidence indicates that NO levels are closely associated with several aspects of human health. Accordingly, it is of great significance to develop a convenient and reliable detection method for NO in biological systems. In this work, a novel triphenylamine-embedded copper(II) complex (NZ-Cu2+) has been developed to be used as a fluorescence probe for the detection of NO in living animals. The proposed sensing mechanism of NZ-Cu2+ towards NO has been confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, spectroscopic titration and density functional theory calculation. NO induced the conversion of paramagnetic Cu2+ to diamagnetic Cu+, which blocked the photoinduced electron transfer process of NZ-Cu2+, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the emission spectra. The NZ-Cu2+ probe possesses several advantages including high selectivity, low detection limit (12.9 nM), long emission wavelength (640 nm), large Stokes shift (201 nm), fast response time (60 s) and low cytotoxicity. More importantly, NZ-Cu2+ has been successfully applied to detect NO in vivo by fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuye Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Li Shu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning Province, 114051, P. R. China.
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Jiang Z, Liu S, Xiao X, Jiang G, Qu Q, Miao X, Wu R, Shi R, Guo R, Liu J. High-throughput probing macrophage-bacteria interactions at the single cell level with microdroplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2944-2953. [PMID: 35766807 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic infections may lead to disruption of homeostasis, thus becoming a serious threat to the human health. Understanding the interactions between bacteria and macrophages is critical for therapeutic development against sepsis or inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we report a technique using droplet biosensors for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) secreted by a single macrophage under inflammatory stimuli. We demonstrated that the limit of detection can be promoted more than two orders of magnitude by our approach, in comparison to the conventional microplate format. The experiments of co-encapsulating single macrophages and different numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) enabled fluorescence monitoring of NO secretion by single macrophages over the incubation, and investigation of their interactions inside the isolated droplet for their separate fates. Our approach provides a unique platform to study the bacteria-macrophage interactions at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Guimei Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Qing Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Xingxing Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Renfei Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Ruochen Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123 China.
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Wang X, Sun Q, Song X, Wang Y, Hu W. Development of a ratiometric nitric oxide probe with baseline resolved emissions by an ESIPT and rhodol ring opened-closed integrated two-photon platform. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2721-2728. [PMID: 35425308 PMCID: PMC8979048 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, reflecting the degree of cellular inflammation through in situ monitoring of nitric oxide using fluorescence sensing has received much attention due to many merits such as non-invasiveness and easy operation. In particular, two-photon excitation microscopy can significantly improve the imaging resolution and visualization time. In the meantime, a ratiometric-based nitric oxide fluorescent sensor can avoid the interference of many factors, including light source intensity, solvent scattering degree, solvent color, solvent viscosity, probe distribution, and instrument performance, and improve the accuracy of the result. However, the mutual interference of two emission peaks is still an issue restricting the development of this field. In this work, the Rh-NO-F dye obtained by modifying the rhodol dye with benzothiazole exhibited excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the closed ring state. In the open ring state, however, the emission wavelength can be significantly red-shifted by increasing the degree of dye conjugation. By introducing o-phenylenediamine, the recognition domain of NO, we successfully designed and synthesized a ratiometric two-photon NO fluorescent probe, Rh-NO-P, which showed a 154 nm increase in the maximum emission wavelength before and after the response and almost no interference between the two emission peaks. Confocal imaging showed that the probe could achieve in situ detection of exogenous NO fluctuations in cells. The probe was also successfully applied to detect the changes in NO content during wound healing in mice. A NO-specific two-photon ratiometric probe for evaluation of inflammation in the process of diabetic mouse skin ulcers was constructed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 China
| | - Qi Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 China
| | - Xinjian Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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Liu Z, Sun C, Wang H, Wu T, Qiu B, Xiong X, Liu L. A far-red-emitting fluorescence probe for selective and sensitive detection of no in live cells and in C. elegans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120030. [PMID: 34118523 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous intracellular and intercellular messenger molecule, plays vital roles in many physiological processes and is closely related to many diseases. Although a lot of fluorescent probes have been developed for real-time detection of NO successfully, the probes still suffer from poor tissue permeability and limited selectivity. In this study, a novel far-red fluorescent probe ZJL-3 based on rhodamine fluorescent dye was designed, synthesized, and used for NO determination. The probe contains a rhodamine as fluorophore and o-phenylenediamino as recognition unit. Upon addition of NO, the probe ZJL-3 showed an obvious far-red emission at 637 nm. The results of fluorescence spectrum experiments indicated that probe ZJL-3 exhibited desirable selectivity to NO. Furthermore, probe ZJL-3 has low cytotoxicity and was applied for the detection of exogenous and endogenous NO in RAW264.7 cells and C. elegans with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Liu
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Cai S, Liu C, Jiao X, Zhao L, Zeng X. A lysosome-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous cysteine (Cys) in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:2269-2274. [PMID: 32100785 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is one of the most important essential biothiols in lysosomes. Highly selective probes for specific detection and imaging of lysosomal Cys over other biological thiols are rare. Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe SHCy-C based on a novel NIR-emitting thioxanthene-indolium dye. Due to the turn-on fluorescence response elicited by the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes before and after the reaction with Cys, probe SHCy-C exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity (16 nM) for the detection of Cys. More importantly, probe SHCy-C is found to precisely target lysosomes and achieves the "turn-on" detection and imaging of endogenous Cys in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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10
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Wei T, Jiang L, Chen Y, Chen X. Recent Progress of Photocage Molecules and Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20080361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Mou J, Qi H, Xiang R, Xu S, Liu J, Meng S, Chen N, Xue Y, Pei D. A novel fluorescence sensor for relay recognition of zinc ions and nitric oxide through fluorescence ‘off–on–off’ functionality. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent ‘off–on–off’ probe for relay recognition of Zn2+ and nitro oxide (NO) was constructed with the detection limit of 10−8 mol L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Hao Qi
- School of Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Sihan Meng
- School of Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ninghai Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Yunsheng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou 221006
- China
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12
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Maiti D, Islam ASM, Sasmal M, Dutta A, Katarkar A, Ali M. A coumarin embedded highly sensitive nitric oxide fluorescent sensor: kinetic assay and bio-imaging applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8450-8458. [PMID: 33057542 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00567c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy is a significant bio-analytical technique for specific detection of nitric oxide (NO) and for broadcasting the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of this gasotransmitter. Herein, a benzo-coumarin embedded smart molecular probe (BCM) is employed for NO sensing through detailed fluorescence studies in purely aqueous medium. All the spectroscopic analysis and literature reports clearly validate the mechanistic insight of this sensing strategy i.e., the initial formation of 1,2,3,4-oxatriazole on treatment of the probe with NO which finally converted to its carboxylic acid derivative. This oxatriazole formation results in a drastic enhancement in fluoroscence intensity due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect. The kinetic investigation unveils the second and first-order dependency on [NO] and [BCM] respectively. The very low detection limit (16 nM), high fluorescence enhancement (123 fold) in aqueous medium and good formation constant (Kf = (4.33 ± 0.48) × 104 M-1) along with pH invariability, non-cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and cell permeability make this probe a very effective one for tracking NO intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | | | - Mihir Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India. and Vice-Chancellor, Aliah University, ll-A/27, Action Area II, Newtown, Action Area II, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India.
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13
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Cai S, Liu C, Jiao X, Zhao L, Zeng X. A rational design of fluorescent probes for specific detection and imaging of endogenous formaldehyde in living cells. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Wang L, Zhang J, An X, Duan H. Recent progress on the organic and metal complex-based fluorescent probes for monitoring nitric oxide in living biological systems. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1522-1549. [PMID: 31995085 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important gaseous signaling molecule related to various human diseases. To investigate the biological functions of NO, many strategies have been developed for real-time monitoring the NO levels in biological systems. Among these strategies, fluorescent probes are considered to be one of the most efficient and applicable methods owing to their excellent sensitivity and selectivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, noninvasiveness, and experimental convenience. Therefore, great efforts have been paid to the design, synthesis, and fluorescence investigation of novel NO fluorescent probes in the past several years. However, few of them exhibit practical applications owing to the low concentration, short half-life, and rapid diffusion characteristics of NO in biological systems. Rational design of NO fluorescent probes with excellent selectivity and sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, long-lived fluorescent emission, and low background interference is still a challenge for scientists all over the word. To provide spatial-temporal information, this article focuses on the progress made in the organic and metal complex-based NO fluorescent probes during the past five years. The key structural elements and sensing mechanisms of NO fluorescent probes are discussed. Some novel ratiometric, luminescence, and photoacoustic probes with low background interference and deep tissue penetrating ability are mentioned. All these probes have been used for imaging exogenous and endogenous NO in cells and animal models. More importantly, this article also describes the development of multi-functional NO fluorescent probes, such as organelle targeting probes, dual-analysis probes, and probe-drug conjugates, which will inspire the design of various functional fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China. and Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Jinan Qilu Science Patent Office Ltd, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue An
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250300, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongdong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250300, Shandong Province, China.
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15
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Chen Y. Recent developments of fluorescent probes for detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2020; 98:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Gong J, Liu C, Jiao X, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. A near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a novel rectilinearly π-extended rhodamine derivative and its applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2343-2349. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel NIR fluorescent probe RQNA based on a π-extended rhodamine derivative RQN for the specific detection of mitochondrial Cu2+ has been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
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17
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Gong J, Liu C, Jiao X, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. Novel rhodamine dye with large Stokes shifts by fusing the 1,4-diethylpiperazine moiety and its applications in fast detection of Cu2+. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38038-38044. [PMID: 35515182 PMCID: PMC9057182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodamine dyes were widely developed for designing probes due to their excellent photophysical properties and biocompatibility. However, traditional rhodamine dyes still bear major drawbacks of short emission wavelengths (<600 nm) and narrow Stokes shifts (<30 nm), which limit their biological imaging applications. Herein, we reported a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dye JRQ with near-infrared (NIR) emission wavelength and improved Stokes shift (63 nm) by tuning the donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) character of the rhodamine skeleton. As expected, JRQ exhibited multiple excellent properties and could accumulate in mitochondria, and can therefore be used as a signal reporter for the design of fluorescent probes by taking advantage of the fluorescence controlled mechanism of the ring opening and closing chemical processes of the spirolactone platform. By using JRQ as a precursor, a highly sensitive fluorescent probe JRQN for the fast detection of mitochondrial Cu2+ ions was synthesized based on the Cu2+-triggered specific hydrolysis mechanism because mitochondria are an important reservoir of intracellular Cu2+. We expect that the Stokes shift increase of rhodamine dyes via tuning the donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) character of the rhodamine skeleton will provide a novel synthetic approach for the development of rhodamine dyes and expansion of their applications. A novel NIR rhodamine dye JRQ with large Stokes shift (70 nm) by fusing the 1,4-diethylpiperazine moiety in rhodamine dyes has been synthesized and utilized to design a probe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
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18
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Jiang WL, Li Y, Liu HW, Zhou DY, Ou-Yang J, Yi L, Li CY. A rhodamine-deoxylactam based fluorescent probe for fast and selective detection of nitric oxide in living cells. Talanta 2019; 197:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Jiao X, Huang K, He S, Liu C, Zhao L, Zeng X. A mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for real-time detection of hypochlorous acid. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:108-114. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A real-time mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probeLhas been synthesized with large Stokes shifts, and high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
| | - Kun Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
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20
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Tian Z, Tian X, Feng L, Tian Y, Huo X, Zhang B, Deng S, Ma X, Cui J. A highly sensitive and selective two-photon fluorescent probe for glutathione S-transferase detection and imaging in living cells and tissues. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:4983-4989. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of a two-photon fluorescent probe for GST detection and imaging in living cells and deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ganjingzi District
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy
- Academy of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ganjingzi District
- Dalian 116024
- China
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21
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Wang Q, Huang K, Cai S, Liu C, Jiao X, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. Synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent rhodamines via an SNArH reaction and their biological applications. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7163-7169. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven rectilinearly π-extended NIR fluorescent rhodamines were synthesized via an intramolecular SNArH reaction under mild conditions without any transition metal catalyst or extra oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Kun Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Songtao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
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22
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Wang Q, Jiao X, Liu C, Huang K, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. Novel π-extended hybrid xanthene dyes with two spirolactone rings for optoelectronic and biological applications. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7609-7618. [PMID: 30277256 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two hybrid xanthene dyes that can operate as half-subtractors in methanol and can target mitochondria have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- China West Normal University
- Nanchong 637002
- China
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
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