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Rong F, Wang T, Zhou Q, Peng H, Yang J, Fan Q, Li P. Intelligent polymeric hydrogen sulfide delivery systems for therapeutic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:198-216. [PMID: 35510171 PMCID: PMC9034248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in regulating various pathological processes such as protecting mammalian cell from harmful injuries, promoting tissue regeneration, and regulating the process of various diseases caused by physiological disorders. Studies have revealed that the physiological effects of H2S are highly associated with its concentrations. At relatively low concentration, H2S shows beneficial functions. However, long-time and high-dose donation of H2S would inhibit regular biological process, resulting in cell dysfunction and apoptosis. To regulate the dosage of H2S delivery for precision medicine, H2S delivery systems with intelligent characteristics were developed and a variety of biocompatibility polymers have been utilized to establish intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems, with the abilities to specifically target the lesions, smartly respond to pathological microenvironments, as well as real-timely monitor H2S delivery and lesion conditions by incorporating imaging-capable moieties. In this review, we focus on the design, preparation, and therapeutic applications of intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems in cardiovascular therapy, inflammatory therapy, tissue regenerative therapy, cancer therapy and bacteria-associated therapy. Strategies for precise H2S therapies especially imaging-guided H2S theranostics are highlighted. Since H2S donors with stimuli-responsive characters are vital components for establishing intelligent H2S delivery systems, the development of H2S donors is also briefly introduced. H2S is an endogenous gasotransmitter that plays important role in regulating various physiological and pathological pathways. Controlled H2S delivery is vital since the therapeutic effects of H2S are highly associated with its concentrations. Intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems possess specific targeting, stimuli responsive and imaging guided capabilities, representing a strategic option for next generation of therapies.
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Li W, Chen P, Pan Y, Lu L, Ning X, Liu J, Wei J, Chen M, Zhao P, Ou C. Construction of a Band-Aid Like Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Infarction with Controllable H 2 S Release. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204509. [PMID: 36285675 PMCID: PMC9762300 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive or persistent inflammation incites cardiomyocytes necrosis by generating reactive oxygen species in myocardial infarction (MI). Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a gaseous signal molecule, can quickly permeate cells and tissues, growing concerned for its cardioprotective effects. However, short resident time and strong side effects greatly restrict its application. Herein, a complex scaffold (AAB) is first developed to slowly release H2 S for myocardial protection by integrating alginate modified with 2-aminopyridine-5-thiocarboxamide (H2 S donor) into albumin electrospun fibers. Next, a band-aid like patch is constructed based on AAB (center) and nanocomposite scaffold which comprises albumin scaffold and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs). With near-infrared laser (808 nm), thermal energy generated by BPNSs can locally change the molecular structure of fibrous scaffold, thereby attaching patch to the myocardium. In this study, it is also demonstrated that AAB can enhance regenerative M2 macrophage and attenuate inflammatory polarization of macrophages via reduction in intracellular ROS. Eventually, this engineered cardiac patch can relieve inflammation and promote angiogenesis after MI, and thereby recover heart function, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirun Li
- Affiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)Dongguan523058China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- Affiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)Dongguan523058China
| | - Ling Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug MetabolismGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- Affiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)Dongguan523058China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug MetabolismGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Affiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)Dongguan523058China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterHeart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug MetabolismGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and MicrocirculationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Affiliated Dongguan HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)Dongguan523058China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and MicrocirculationGuangzhou510515China
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Liu P, Zhang W, Deng J, Zheng Y, Weng J, Yu F, Wang D, Zheng M, Kang B, Zeng H. Chain-shattering polymeric sulfur dioxide prodrug micelles for redox-triggered gas therapy of osteosarcoma. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5263-5271. [PMID: 35762903 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) based gas therapy has received great attention recently. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to fabricate a SO2 delivery system to achieve effective delivery and on-demand stimuli triggered release at tumor sites. Herein, a chain-shattering polymeric SO2 prodrug micelle system was fabricated for effective SO2 based gas therapy. First, an amphiphilic polymer (mPEG-P(HDI-DN)) was prepared by polycondensation of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, hexamethylene diisocyanate and monomer containing SO2. mPEG-P(HDI-DN) can self-assemble into spherical micelles with a diameter of around 50-90 nm. Triggered release of SO2 from micelles can be achieved in the presence of GSH with the degradation of mPEG-P(HDI-DN) into small molecules. The in vitro experiment proved that mPEG-P(HDI-DN) micelles can enter into osteosarcoma cells and inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells by increasing the ROS level in cells. The in vivo experiments demonstrate that mPEG-P(HDI-DN) micelles can inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma effectively without obvious tissue toxicity. These results indicate that this chain-shattering polymeric SO2 prodrug micelle system is a promising candidate for effective SO2 based gas therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Yien Zheng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Jian Weng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Deli Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bin Kang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China. .,Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, P. R. China
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4
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Ghovvati M, Kharaziha M, Ardehali R, Annabi N. Recent Advances in Designing Electroconductive Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200055. [PMID: 35368150 PMCID: PMC9262872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Implantable cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels are among the most promising therapies for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction. Incorporating electrical conductivity into these patches and hydrogels is found to be an efficient method to improve cardiac tissue function. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, gold nanorod, as well as conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate are appealing because they possess the electroconductive properties of semiconductors with ease of processing and have potential to restore electrical signaling propagation through the infarct area. Numerous studies have utilized these materials for regeneration of biological tissues that possess electrical activities, such as cardiac tissue. In this review, recent studies on the use of electroconductive materials for cardiac tissue engineering and their fabrication methods are summarized. Moreover, recent advances in developing electroconductive materials for delivering therapeutic agents as one of emerging approaches for treating heart diseases and regenerating damaged cardiac tissues are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghovvati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Urquhart MC, Ercole F, Clulow AJ, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Boyd BJ, Quinn JF. Thiol-responsive lyotropic liquid crystals exhibit triggered phase re-arrangement and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:218-223. [PMID: 35033767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signalling molecule with potential pharmaceutical applications. In pursuit of a suitable delivery system for H2S, herein we apply an amphiphilic trisulfide to concomitantly alter the mesophase behaviour of dispersed lipid particles and enable triggered H2S release. Amperometric release studies indicate the trisulfide acts as a sustained H2S donor, with inclusion into the mesophase attenuating release vs neat dispersed trisulfide. Taken together the results highlight the potential for including trisulfide-based additives in stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Urquhart
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca Ercole
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; BioSAXS beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - John F Quinn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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6
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Li S, Ma Q, Wang C, Yang K, Hong Z, Chen Q, Song J, Song X, Yang H. Near-Infrared II Gold Nanocluster Assemblies with Improved Luminescence and Biofate for In Vivo Ratiometric Imaging of H 2S. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2641-2647. [PMID: 35085437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are emerging as promising luminescent nanoprobes for bioimaging due to their fantastic photoluminescence (PL) and renal-clearable ability. However, it remains a great challenge to design them for in vivo sensitive molecular imaging in desired tissues. Herein, we have developed a strategy to tailor the PL and biofate of near-infrared II (NIR-II)-emitting AuNCs via ligand anchoring for improved bioimaging. By optimizing the ligand types in AuNCs and using Er3+-doped lanthanide (Ln) nanoparticles as models, core-satellite Ln@AuNCs assemblies were rationally constructed, which enabled 2.5-fold PL enhancement of AuNCs at 1100 nm and prolonged blood circulation compared to AuNCs. Significantly, Ln@AuNCs with dual intense NIR-II PL (from AuNCs and Er3+) can effectively accumulate in the liver for ratiometric NIR-II imaging of H2S, facilitated by H2S-mediated selective PL quenching of AuNCs. We have then demonstrated the real-time imaging evaluation of liver delivery efficacy and dynamics of two H2S prodrugs. This shows a paradigm to visualize liver H2S delivery and its prodrug screening in vivo. Note that Ln@AuNCs are body-clearable via the hepatobiliary excretion pathway, thus reducing potential long-term toxicity. Such findings may propel the engineering of AuNC nanoprobes for advancing in vivo bioimaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1# Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China
| | - Qiuping Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Kaidong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zhongzhu Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1# Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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7
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Magli E, Perissutti E, Santagada V, Caliendo G, Corvino A, Esposito G, Esposito G, Fiorino F, Migliaccio M, Scognamiglio A, Severino B, Sparaco R, Frecentese F. H 2S Donors and Their Use in Medicinal Chemistry. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1899. [PMID: 34944543 PMCID: PMC8699746 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule that has an important role in many physiological and pathological processes in mammalian tissues, with the same importance as two others endogenous gasotransmitters such as NO (nitric oxide) and CO (carbon monoxide). Endogenous H2S is involved in a broad gamut of processes in mammalian tissues including inflammation, vascular tone, hypertension, gastric mucosal integrity, neuromodulation, and defense mechanisms against viral infections as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that the modulation of H2S levels has a potential therapeutic value. Consequently, synthetic H2S-releasing agents represent not only important research tools, but also potent therapeutic agents. This review has been designed in order to summarize the currently available H2S donors; furthermore, herein we discuss their preparation, the H2S-releasing mechanisms, and their -biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (G.E.); (G.E.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (B.S.); (R.S.)
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8
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Carrazzone RJ, Foster JC, Li Z, Matson JB. Tuning small molecule release from polymer micelles: Varying H 2S release through cross linking in the micelle core. Eur Polym J 2020; 141:110077. [PMID: 33162563 PMCID: PMC7643851 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer micelles, used extensively as vehicles in the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients, represent a versatile polymer architecture in drug delivery systems. We hypothesized that degree of crosslinking in the hydrophobic core of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles could be used to tune the rate of release of the biological signaling gas (gasotransmitter) hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a potential therapeutic. To test this hypothesis, we first synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers of the structure PEG-b-P(FBEA) (PEG = poly(ethylene glycol), FBEA = 2-(4-formylbenzoyloxy)ethyl acrylate). Using a modified arm-first approach, we then varied the crosslinking percentage in the core-forming block via addition of a 'O,O'-alkanediyl bis(hydroxylamine) crosslinking agent. We followed incorporation of the crosslinker by 1H NMR spectroscopy, monitoring the appearance of the oxime signal resulting from reaction of pendant aryl aldehydes on the block copolymer with hydroxylamines on the crosslinker, which revealed crosslinking percentages of 5, 10, and 15%. We then installed H2S-releasing S-aroylthiooxime (SATO) groups on the crosslinked polymers, yielding micelles with SATO units in their hydrophobic cores after self-assembly in water. H2S release studies in water, using cysteine (Cys) as a trigger to induce H2S release from the SATO groups in the micelle core, revealed increasing half-lives of H2S release, from 117 ± 6 min to 210 ± 30 min, with increasing crosslinking density in the micelle core. This result was consistent with our hypothesis, and we speculate that core crosslinking limits the rate of Cys diffusion into the micelle core, decreasing the release rate. This method for tuning the release of covalently linked small molecules through modulation of micelle core crosslinking density may extend beyond H2S to other drug delivery systems where precise control of release rate is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
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Gojon G, Morales GA. SG1002 and Catenated Divalent Organic Sulfur Compounds as Promising Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrugs. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1010-1045. [PMID: 32370538 PMCID: PMC7578191 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Sulfur has a critical role in protein structure/function and redox status/signaling in all living organisms. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfane sulfur (SS) are now recognized as central players in physiology and pathophysiology, the full scope and depth of sulfur metabolome's impact on human health and healthy longevity has been vastly underestimated and is only starting to be grasped. Since many pathological conditions have been related to abnormally low levels of H2S/SS in blood and/or tissues, and are amenable to treatment by H2S supplementation, development of safe and efficacious H2S donors deserves to be undertaken with a sense of urgency; these prodrugs also hold the promise of becoming widely used for disease prevention and as antiaging agents. Recent Advances: Supramolecular tuning of the properties of well-known molecules comprising chains of sulfur atoms (diallyl trisulfide [DATS], S8) was shown to lead to improved donors such as DATS-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and SG1002. Encouraging results in animal models have been obtained with SG1002 in heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic damage, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy; with TC-2153 in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, age-related memory decline, fragile X syndrome, and cocaine addiction; and with DATS in brain, colon, gastric, and breast cancer. Critical Issues: Mode-of-action studies on allyl polysulfides, benzyl polysulfides, ajoene, and 12 ring-substituted organic disulfides and thiosulfonates led several groups of researchers to conclude that the anticancer effect of these compounds is not mediated by H2S and is only modulated by reactive oxygen species, and that their central model of action is selective protein S-thiolation. Future Directions: SG1002 is likely to emerge as the H2S donor of choice for acquiring knowledge on this gasotransmitter's effects in animal models, on account of its unique ability to efficiently generate H2S without byproducts and in a slow and sustained mode that is dose independent and enzyme independent. Efficient tuning of H2S donation characteristics of DATS, dibenzyl trisulfide, and other hydrophobic H2S prodrugs for both oral and parenteral administration will be achieved not only by conventional structural modification of a lead molecule but also through the new "supramolecular tuning" paradigm.
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10
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Chen JJY, van der Vlies AJ, Hasegawa U. Hydrogen sulfide-releasing micelles for promoting angiogenesis. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4454-4463. [PMID: 33796157 PMCID: PMC8009299 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important gaseous signalling molecule in the human body, has been shown to be involved in many physiological processes such as angiogenesis. Since the biological activities of H2S are known to be significantly affected by the dose and exposure duration, the development of H2S delivery systems that enable control of H2S release is critical for exploring its therapeutic potential. Here, we prepared polymeric micelles with different H2S release profiles, which were prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) segment and a hydrophobic segment containing H2S-releasing anethole dithiolethione (ADT) groups. The thermodynamic stability of the micelles was modulated by altering the ADT content of the polymers. The micelles with higher thermodynamic stability showed significantly slower H2S release. Furthermore, the sustained H2S release from the micelles enhanced migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) and induced vascularlization in the in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J. Y. Chen
- Osaka University, Department of Applied Chemistry, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. J. van der Vlies
- Kansas State University, Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, 1005 Durland Hall, 66506, Manhattan Kansas, USA
| | - U. Hasegawa
- Kansas State University, Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, 1005 Durland Hall, 66506, Manhattan Kansas, USA
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11
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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12
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Ercole F, Li Y, Whittaker MR, Davis TP, Quinn JF. H 2S-Donating trisulfide linkers confer unexpected biological behaviour to poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesteryl conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3896-3907. [PMID: 32227031 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the properties of the naturally occurring H2S donor, diallyl trisulfide (DATS, extracted from garlic), the biological behaviour of trisulfide-bearing PEG-conjugates was explored. Specifically, three conjugates comprising an mPEG tail and a cholesteryl head were investigated: conjugates bridged by a trisulfide linker (T), a disulfide linker (D) or a carbamate linker (C), and a fourth comprising two mPEG tails bridged by a trisulfide linker (P). H2S testing using both a fluorescent chemical probe in HEK293 cells and an amperometric sensor to monitor release in suspended cells, demonstrated the ability of the trisulfide conjugates, T and P, to release H2S in the presence of cellular thiols. Cytotoxicity and cyto-protective capacity on HEK293 cells showed that T was the best tolerated of the conjugates studied, and remarkably more so than D or C. Moreover, it was noted that application of T conferred a protective effect to the cells, effectively abolishing the toxicity associated with co-administered C. The interaction of conjugates and combinations thereof with the cell membrane of HEK cells, as well as ROS generation were also investigated. It was found that C caused significant membrane perturbation, correlating with high losses in cell viability and pronounced generation of ROS, especially in the mitochondria. T, however, did not disturb the membrane and was able to mitigate the generation of ROS, especially in the mitochondria. The interplay of the cholesteryl group and H2S donation for conferring cytoprotective effects was clearly demonstrated as P did not display the same beneficial characteristics as T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ercole
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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13
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Urquhart MC, Dao NV, Ercole F, Boyd BJ, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Quinn JF. Polymers with Dithiobenzoate End Groups Constitutively Release Hydrogen Sulfide upon Exposure to Cysteine and Homocysteine. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:553-557. [PMID: 35648511 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dithioesters are well-established as efficient reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. More recently, certain small molecule dithioesters have been reported to release the biological signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) upon exposure to cysteine. Herein, we examine the propensity of polymers synthesized using RAFT with a dithioester chain transfer agent to release H2S via reaction of cysteine with constitutive dithioester end-groups. Homocysteine-triggered release of H2S from these materials is also observed, with evidence suggesting that the mechanism is analogous to the reaction with cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Urquhart
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nam V. Dao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca Ercole
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Kaur K, Wang Y, Matson JB. Linker-Regulated H 2S Release from Aromatic Peptide Amphiphile Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1171-1178. [PMID: 32053359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release is an essential requirement for delivery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) because of its reactive nature, short half-life in biological fluids, and toxicity at high concentrations. In this context, H2S delivery via hydrogels may be beneficial as they can deliver H2S locally at the site of interest. Herein, we employed hydrogels based on aromatic peptide amphiphiles (APAs) with tunable mechanical properties to modulate the rates of H2S release. The APAs contained an aromatic S-aroylthiooxime (SATO) H2S donor attached with a linker to a short IAVEEE hexapeptide. Linker units included carbonyl, substituted O-methylenes, alkenyl, and alkyl segments with the goal of evaluating the role of linker structure on self-assembly, capacity for hydrogelation, and H2S release rate. We studied each peptide by transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and rheology, and we measured H2S release rates from each gel, triggering SATO decomposition and release of H2S by addition of cysteine (Cys). Using an H2S-selective electrode probe as well as a turn-on fluorescent H2S probe in the presence of H9C2 cardiomyocytes, we found that the rate of H2S release from the hydrogels depended on the rate of Cys penetration into the nanofiber core with stiffer gels showing longer overall release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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15
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Kaur K, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB. The Benefits of Macromolecular/Supramolecular Approaches in Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery: A Review of Polymeric and Self-Assembled Hydrogen Sulfide Donors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:79-95. [PMID: 31691577 PMCID: PMC6918872 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cell homeostasis and redox balance are regulated in part by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule known as a gasotransmitter. Given its biological roles, H2S has promising therapeutic potential, but controlled delivery of this reactive and hazardous gas is challenging due to its promiscuity, rapid diffusivity, and toxicity at high doses. Macromolecular and supramolecular drug delivery systems are vital for the effective delivery of many active pharmaceutical ingredients, and H2S stands to benefit greatly from the tunable physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of polymeric and/or self-assembled drug delivery systems. Recent Advances: Several types of H2S-releasing macro- and supramolecular materials have been developed in the past 5 years, and the field is expanding quickly. Slow-releasing polymers, polymer assemblies, polymer nano- and microparticles, and self-assembled hydrogels have enabled triggered, sustained, and/or localized H2S delivery, and many of these materials are more potent in biological assays than analogous small-molecule H2S donors. Critical Issues: H2S plays a role in a number of (patho)physiological processes, including redox balance, ion channel regulation, modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, and more. Chemical tools designed to (i) deliver H2S to study these processes, and (ii) exploit H2S signaling pathways for treatment of diseases require control over the timing, rate, duration, and location of release. Future Directions: Development of new material approaches for H2S delivery that enable long-term, triggered, localized, and/or targeted delivery of the gas will enable greater understanding of this vital signaling molecule and eventually expedite its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ryan J. Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Wang Y, Matson JB. Supramolecular nanostructures with tunable donor loading for controlled H 2S release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5093-5098. [PMID: 33283175 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously generated and regulated signaling gas, plays a vital role in a variety of (patho)physiological processes. In the past few years, different kinds of H2S-releasing compounds (often referred to as H2S donors) have been developed for H2S delivery, but it is still challenging to make H2S donors with tunable payloads in a simple and efficient manner. Herein, a series of peptide-H2S donor conjugates (PHDCs) with tunable donor loadings are designed for controlled H2S release. The PHDCs self-assemble into nanoribbons with different geometries in aqueous solution. Upon addition of cysteine, these nanostructures release H2S, delivering their payload into H9C2 cells, as visualized using an H2S-selective fluorescent probe. Beyond imaging, in vitro studies show that the ability of PHDCs to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in H9C2 cardiomyocytes depends on their nanostructures and H2S release profiles. This strategy may enable the development of sophisticated H2S-releasing biomaterials for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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Liang W, Chen J, Li L, Li M, Wei X, Tan B, Shang Y, Fan G, Wang W, Liu W. Conductive Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Hydrogel Encapsulating ADSCs for Myocardial Infarction Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14619-14629. [PMID: 30939870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits extensive protective actions in cardiovascular systems, such as anti-inflammatory and stimulating angiogenesis, but its therapeutic potential is severely discounted by the short half-life and the poorly controlled releasing behavior. Herein, we developed a macromolecular H2S prodrug by grafting 2-aminopyridine-5-thiocarboxamide (a small-molecule H2S donor) on partially oxidized alginate (ALG-CHO) to mimic the slow and continuous release of endogenous H2S. In addition, tetraaniline (a conductive oligomer) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were introduced to form a stem cell-loaded conductive H2S-releasing hydrogel through the Schiff base reaction between ALG-CHO and gelatin. The hydrogel exhibited adhesive property to ensure a stable anchoring to the wet and beating hearts. After myocardial injection, longer ADSCs retention period and elevated sulfide concentration in rat myocardium were demonstrated, accompanied by upregulation of cardiac-related mRNA (Cx43, α-SMA, and cTnT) and angiogenic factors (VEGFA and Ang-1) and downregulation of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α). Echocardiography and histological analysis strongly demonstrated an increase in the ejection fraction value and smaller infarction size, suggesting a remarkable improvement of the cardiac functions of Sprague-Dawley rats. The ADSC-loaded conductive hydrogen sulfide-releasing hydrogel dramatically promoted the therapeutic effects, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for treating myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Lingyan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Min Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Xiaojuan Wei
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities , Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Baoyu Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yingying Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
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19
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Foster JC, Carrazzone RJ, Spear NJ, Radzinski SC, Arrington KJ, Matson JB. Tuning H 2S Release by Controlling Mobility in a Micelle Core. Macromolecules 2019; 52:1104-1111. [PMID: 31354172 PMCID: PMC6660018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery from polymer micelles has been widely studied, but methods to precisely tune rates of drug release from micelles are limited. Here, the mobility of hydrophobic micelle cores was varied to tune the rate at which a covalently bound drug was released. This concept was applied to cysteine-triggered release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a signaling gas with therapeutic potential. In this system, thiol-triggered H2S donor molecules were covalently linked to the hydrophobic blocks of self-assembled polymer amphiphiles. Because release of H2S is triggered by cysteine, diffusion of cysteine into the hydrophobic micelle core was hypothesized to control the rate of release. We confirmed this hypothesis by carrying out release experiments from H2S-releasing micelles in varying compositions of EtOH/H2O. Higher EtOH concentrations caused the micelles to swell, facilitating diffusion in and out of their hydrophobic cores and leading to faster H2S release from the micelles. To achieve a similar effect without addition of organic solvent, we prepared micelles with varying core mobility via incorporation of a plasticizing co-monomer in the core-forming block. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core block could therefore be precisely varied by changing the amount of the plasticizing co-monomer in the polymer. In aqueous solution under identical conditions, the release rate of H2S varied over 20-fold (t½ = 0.18 - 4.2 h), with the lowest Tg hydrophobic block resulting in the fastest H2S release. This method of modulating release kinetics from polymer micelles by tuning core mobility may be applicable to many types of physically encapsulated and covalently linked small molecules in a variety of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan J. Spear
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Scott C. Radzinski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Kyle J. Arrington
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
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