1
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Liu Y, Yang F, Zhang W, Xia H, Wu Z, Zhang Z. High precision deep-learning model combined with high-throughput screening to discover fused [5,5] biheterocyclic energetic materials with excellent comprehensive properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23672-23682. [PMID: 39077321 PMCID: PMC11284349 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding novel energetic materials with good comprehensive performance has always been challenging because of the low efficiency in conventional trial and error experimental procedure. In this paper, we established a deep learning model with high prediction accuracy using embedded features in Directed Message Passing Neural Networks. The model combined with high-throughput screening was shown to facilitate rapid discovery of fused [5,5] biheterocyclic energetic materials with high energy and excellent thermal stability. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations proved that the performances of the targeting molecules are consistent with the predicted results from the deep learning model. Furthermore, 6,7-trinitro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazo-5-amine with both good detonation properties and thermal stability was screened out, whose crystal structure and intermolecular interactions were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Honglei Xia
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zaoxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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2
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Yadav AK, Devi R, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Exploring the Explosive Potential: Synthesis and Characterization of Ring-Fused Oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine 1-Oxide Polymorphs with Balanced Energetic Properties. Org Lett 2024; 26:6006-6011. [PMID: 38975866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A novel fused-ring compound, 5-azido-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine 1-oxide (3a), was synthesized for the first time with simple two-step process and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such NMR, IR, EA and HRMS. Two polymorphs (α-3a and β-3a) identified by SCXRD differ in crystal packing and noncovalent interactions, demonstrating high density, substantial heat of formation, and superior detonation properties with reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to TNT, TATB, and close to RDX, suggesting their potential as environmentally friendly high energy density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Yadav
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rimpi Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Vaddypally S, Byrne AN, Goldsmith CF, Zdilla MJ, Kiselev VG. Metal-Free Reversible Double Cyclization of Cyanuric Diazide to an Asymmetric Bitetrazolate via Cleavage of the Six-Membered Aromatic Ring. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2322-2326. [PMID: 38262914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization of the reaction mixture of 2-amino-4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazine and excess tert-butylamine results in the isolation of tert-butylammonium N,N-[1'H-(1,5'-bitetrazol)-5-yl]cyanamidate, suggesting a complex decyclization/cyclization rearrangement involving breakage of the six-membered aromatic ring and the formation of two new five-membered azole rings mediated by deprotonation of the precursor by the amine. The addition of tert-butylamine to 2-amino-4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazine gives spectroscopic indication of thermodynamically unfavorable reactivity in low-dielectric solvents, and high-level quantum chemical computations also suggest its formation to be unfavorable. A computed interconversion pathway describes the likely reaction mechanism and supports the general thermodynamic unfavorability of the reaction and the requirement for a high-dielectric environment to template formation of the ionic product and its trapping by crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Alex N Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - C Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Cleveland AH, Davis JV, Imler GH, Byrd EFC, Snyder CJ, Chavez DE, Parrish DA. Investigation into a Conformationally Locked (Z)-Azidoxime. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14404-14412. [PMID: 37820360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
High nitrogen compounds find wide use in the development of new propellants and explosives as well as pharmaceutical chemistry as bioisosteres, bacterial stains, and antifungal agents. A class of underexplored high-nitrogen materials includes azidoximes and their 1-hydroxytetrazole isomers. Azidoximes possess an energetic azide group and are quite sensitive to impact, spark, and friction. Therefore, these materials are generated in situ and cyclized under mild acidic conditions to their 1-hydroxytetrazole isomers. Recently, we synthesized a novel 1,2,4-triazine-derived azidoxime; however, upon subjecting this material to established cyclization conditions, no reaction was observed, even after prolonged reaction times with heating. Additional 1,2,4-triazine-derived azidoximes also displayed a similar lack of reactivities. This observation led us to probe the reactivity of these materials with both a DFT investigation and crystallographically based electrostatic potential mapping. In all, the lack of reactivity toward cyclization was found to be due to an inability of 1,2,4-triazine-based azidoximes to isomerize into the reactive (E)-conformation, requiring an activation energy of 26.4 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Cleveland
- High Explosive Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jack V Davis
- High Explosive Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Gregory H Imler
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
| | - Edward F C Byrd
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Christopher J Snyder
- High Explosive Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David E Chavez
- High Explosive Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Damon A Parrish
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
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5
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Lei C, Xiao C, Tang J, Yang H, Zhang Q, Cheng G. Synthesis of fused energetic compounds using structural modification from local carbonyl to hydroxylamine/hydrazone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11389-11392. [PMID: 37667587 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the successful synthesis of a series of fused energetic compounds using the strategy of structural modification from local carbonyl to hydroxylamine, hydrazone or methylamine. Hydroxylamine-substituted compound 2 exhibits high density, high detonation performance and low sensitivities as a secondary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan Xiao
- China Northern Industries Group Co., Ltd. (NORINCO GROUP), Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, No. 127, Youyi West Road, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Zhang C, Xu MQ, Dong WS, Lu ZJ, Zhang H, Wu XW, Li ZM, Zhang JG. Combining the advantages of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and tetrazole enables achieving high-energy insensitive materials. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12404-12409. [PMID: 37594183 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Combining the advantages of energetic heterocycles to achieve high-energy insensitive explosives is a significant challenge. Herein, based on high-energy tetrazole rings and highly stable 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, a series of novel nitrogen rich energetic compounds 5-9 were successfully constructed. The related compounds were fully characterized by EA, FT-IR, NMR, DSC, and MS, and compounds 6-9 were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Among them, the energetic ion salts 6-8 show high thermal stability (Tdec > 250 °C) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), as well as good energy properties (7552-8050 m s-1, 19.4-23.3 GPa). In particular, the azo compound 9 exhibits competent comprehensive performances (Tdec = 226.2 °C, D = 8502 m s-1, P = 28.9 GPa, IS = 32 J, FS = 320 N). These results suggest that the strategy of integrating tetrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole and employing an azo structure as a bridging unit are effective approaches to construct high-energy insensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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7
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Lin Q, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhu M, Qin K, Wang P. Polyvalent Ionic Energetic Salts Based on 4-Amino-3-hydrazino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13136. [PMID: 37685943 PMCID: PMC10487886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the new energetic material 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, which shows excellent performance and reliable safety, has drawn attention recently. To fully characterize this material, a comprehensive analysis was performed using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, three compounds, 3, 5 and 9, were further characterized using single X-ray diffraction. The X-ray data suggested that extensive hydrogen bonds affect molecular structure by means of intermolecular interactions. In order to evaluate the explosive properties of these synthesized compounds, detonation pressures and velocities were calculated using EXPLO5 (V6.01). These calculations were carried out utilizing experimental data, including density and heat of formation. Among the explosives tested, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited zero oxygen balance and demonstrated exceptional detonation properties. Compound 7 achieved the highest recorded detonation pressure, at 34.2 GPa, while compound 8 displayed the highest detonation velocity, at 8887 m s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.Q.)
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8
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Chen B, Lu H, Chen J, Chen Z, Yin SF, Peng L, Qiu R. Recent Progress on Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials Based on Tetrazole Skeleton. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:25. [PMID: 37610550 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of nitrogen-rich energetic materials has gained much attention because of their remarkable properties including large nitrogen content and energy density, good thermal stability, low sensitivity, good energetic performance, environmental friendliness and so on. Tetrazole has the highest nitrogen and highest energy contents among the stable azoles. The incorporation of diverse explosophoric groups or substituents into the tetrazole skeleton is beneficial to obtain high-nitrogen energetic materials having excellent energetic performance and suitable sensitivity. In this review, the development of high-nitrogen energetic materials based on tetrazole skeleton is highlighted. Initially, the property and utilization of nitrogen-rich energetic materials are presented. After showing the advantage of the tetrazole skeleton, the high-nitrogen energetic materials based on tetrazole are classified and introduced in detail. Based on different types of energetic materials (EMs), the synthesis and properties of nitrogen-rich energetic materials based on mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-tetrazole are summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihai Chen
- Hunan Nanling Industry Explosive Material Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- Hunan Nanling Industry Explosive Material Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Lifen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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9
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Theoretical design of new insensitive high energy metal complexes based on the double fused-ring insensitive ligands strategy. J Mol Model 2023. [PMID: 36864315 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this work, 24 new nitrogen-rich fused-ring energetic metal complexes were designed based on the double fused-ring insensitive ligands strategy. First, 7-nitro-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine and 6-amino-3-(4H,8H-bis([1,2,5]oxadiazolo)[3,4-b:3',4'-e]pyrazin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,5-dioxide were linked together by coordinating with metals cobalt and copper. Then, three energetic groups (NH2, NO2, and C(NO2)3) were introduced into the system to modify the structure and adjust the performance. Then, their structures and properties were investigated theoretically; the effects of different metals and small energetic groups were studied also. Finally, 9 compounds which have both higher energy and lower sensitivity than the famous high energy compound compound 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine were selected out. In addition, it was found that copper, NO2, and C(NO2)3 could increase the energy while cobalt and NH2 would be helpful for reducing the sensitivity. METHODS Calculations were performed at the TPSS/6-31G(d) level by using the Gaussian 09 software.
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10
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Functionalized fused triazole-triazine: Novel multi-nitro compounds with various energetic functionalities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Rösch M, Gruhne MS, Lommel M, Endraß SMJ, Stierstorfer J. The Adjustability of Physicochemical Properties: Comparison of 1-Vinyl-5H-tetrazole and 1-Allyl-5H-tetrazole as Ligands in 3d Metal Energetic Coordination Compounds. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1488-1507. [PMID: 36633927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) show promising properties to be used as potential substitutes for highly toxic lead-containing primary explosives. The concept is to combine the three building blocks: (i) ligand, (ii) transition metal, and (iii) anion, acting as (i) fuel, (ii) matrix, and (iii) oxidizer (e.g., ClO4-, NO3-, ClO3-) or energetic component (e.g., DN-, N3-, picrate, styphnate, trinitrophloroglucinate). By variation of the ligands, the complexes' properties can be adjusted toward their desired performance and sensitivities. In the present study, 1-vinyl-5H-tetrazole (1-VTZ, 1) and 1-allyl-5H-tetrazole (1-ATZ, 2) were used as nitrogen-rich endothermic ligands to form 3d metal (Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+)-based ECCs. The influence of the introduction of an unsaturated C-C bond (1-ETZ vs 1-VTZ and 1-PTZ vs 1-ATZ) on the performance and sensitivity of the complexes is discussed, as is the lengthening of the alkenyl chain (1-VTZ vs 1-ATZ). For further insights, the novel complexes were compared to literature-known complexes based on N1-substituted C2- and C3-derived tetrazole ligands, respectively. The ligand 1-VTZ (1) was prepared by elimination of hydrogen chloride from 1-(2-chloroethyl)-5H-tetrazole in methanolic KOH solution. 1-ATZ (2) was obtained by a heterocyclization reaction of allylamine with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide in an acetic acid medium. All compounds were intensively characterized with analytical methods such as XRD, IR, EA, DTA, TGA, and sensitivity measurements (IS and FS). The energetic performances were visibly evaluated in fast heating experiments. Furthermore, PETN initiation and laser ignition experiments were carried out for promising ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rösch
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Michael S Gruhne
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Marcus Lommel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Simon M J Endraß
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
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12
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Kumar P, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Facile synthesis of thermally stable tetrazolo[1,5- b][1,2,4]triazine substituted energetic materials: synthesis and characterization. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:747-753. [PMID: 36562432 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various thermally stable energetic materials with high nitrogen content, low sensitivity and better detonation performance were synthesized. The versatile functionalization of 1,2,4-triazine involving the introduction of oxadiazole and tetrazole is discussed. All the compounds were fully characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Compounds 2, 3, 9 and 12 were further verified using single-crystal X-ray analysis. Compound 9 can be considered a melt-cast explosive due to its lower onset melting temperature (112 °C). The detonation velocity, pressure, density, and heat of formation of all the synthesized compounds range between 7056 and 8212 m s-1, 17.57 and 23.78 GPa, 1.70 and 1.81 g cm-1, and 43 and 644 kJ mol-1, respectively. Due to the high nitrogen percentage (53 to >72%), these molecules can be used in car airbag applications. Due to the high thermal stability (>220 °C) and lower sensitivity, these compounds can be potentially used as high-performing thermally stable secondary energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasar Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Li C, Lei C, Tang J, Zhu T, Cheng G, Yang H. C-C bonded bis-5,6 fused triazole-triazine compound: an advanced heat-resistant explosive with high energy and low sensitivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15292-15299. [PMID: 36168960 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is still an urgent problem in the field of energetic materials to explore the synthesis of heat-resistant compounds with balanced energy and thermal stability through simple synthetic routes. Recently, fused compounds are considered to provide a promising framework for the construction of ideal heat-resistant compounds. In this study, three novel C-C bonded bis-5,6 fused triazole-triazine compounds, 3,3'-dinitro-[7,7'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine]-4,4'-diamine (2), 4,4'-diamino-[7,7'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine]-3,3'-dicarbonitrile (3), and 3,3'-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[7,7'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine]-4,4'-diamine (4), were synthesized by a simple method. Compound 2 exhibited an approaching detonation velocity of 8837 m s-1 compared with that of the traditional high energy explosive RDX velocity of 8795 m s-1, while its thermal stability (Td = 327 °C) was comparable to that of the heat-resistant explosive HNS (Td = 318 °C). At the same time, the double fused compound 2 also realized high density (1.90 g cm-3) and extremely low sensitivity (FS > 360 N, IS > 40 J). The above good comprehensive properties prove that compound 2 can be used as a potential insensitive high-energy heat-resistant explosive. In addition, the effects of the crystal structure on the sensitivity and thermal stability were studied using the quantum chemical methods. These results imply that the formation of double fused ring compounds by the ring closing reaction at symmetrical positions is an ideal strategy for the development of advanced heat-resistant explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchuang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Caijin Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Teng Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Nitrogen-rich polycyclic pentazolate salts as promising energetic materials: theoretical investigating. J Mol Model 2022; 28:299. [PMID: 36066673 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pentazolate (cyclo-N5-) salts are nitrogen-rich compounds with great development potential as energetic materials due to their full nitrogen anion. However, the densities of available N5- salts are generally low, which seriously lowers their performances. It is necessary to screen out cyclo-N5- salts with high density. To this end, eight new non-metallic cyclo-N5- salts based on fused heterocycle were designed. -NH2, -NO2, and -O- groups were introduced into the compounds to adjust and improve the detonation performance and impact sensitivity of cyclo-N5- salts. By theoretical calculations and Hirshfeld surface analyses, the densities, heats of formation, detonation performance, sensitivities, and crystal structures of the title compounds were predicted, and the contribution of hydrogen bond as well as π-π stacking to the stability of cyclo-N5- salt was revealed. The results indicate that the densities of title compounds are higher than 1.85 g cm‒3, and the sensitivities of these compounds are predicted to be lower than that of HMX. The detonation properties of a (D = 9.47 km s-1, P = 41.21 GPa) and d (D = 9.44 km s-1, P = 40.26 GPa) are better than those of HMX. These mean that using fused ring as a cation and introducing proper substituents are an effective method to improve cyclo-N5- salt's density and balance the detonation performance and sensitivity.
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15
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Cleveland A, Snyder C, Imler G, Chavez D, Parrish D. Synthesis of a new 1,2,4‐triazine derived Azidoxime. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division UNITED STATES
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16
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Xia W, Zhang R, Xu X, Ma P, Ma C. Spectroscopic features and electronic properties on tetrazole-based energetic cocrystals under external electric field. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Kumar P, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. 1,3,5-Tris[(2 H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]isocyanurate and Its Tricationic Salts as Thermostable and Insensitive Energetic Materials. Org Lett 2022; 24:3555-3559. [PMID: 35521794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various energetic salts (3a-f) were obtained from 1,3,5-tris[(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]isocyanurate (3), while N2,N4,N6-tri(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (5) and N,N'-{6-[(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)amino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl}bis[N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)nitramide] (6) were obtained from cyanuric chloride via a simple, efficient two-step synthetic route from inexpensive starting materials. Compounds 3a-f and 6 show excellent detonation properties (VOD = 7876-8832 m s-1, and DP = 20.73-30.0 GPa), a high nitrogen content (>62%), and high positive heats of formation (205.2-1888.9 kJ mol-1) with excellent thermostability and remarkable insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasar Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Huang W, Yin Z, Dong Y, Liu Y, Tang Y. An Energetic Coordination Polymer with High Thermal Stability and Initiation Power. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zhaoyang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yaqun Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yuji Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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19
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Ma Q, Cheng Z, Yang L, Du W, Yin Y, Ma W, Fan G, Li J. Accelerated discovery of thermostable high-energy materials with intramolecular donor-acceptor building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4460-4463. [PMID: 35293904 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A domain-related data search promoted triazolotriazine-fused energetic scaffold filtration with combinatorial design to alleviate the lack of thermostable high-energy materials; 16 candidates were discovered that may show promising energy and safety performance, as well as excellent thermal stability. Novel fused triazolo-1,2,4-triazine energetic material 7-nitro-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine-2-oxide (Candidate No. 4) with excellent thermal stability, high energy performance and low sensitivity was developed successfully by using a facile N-oxide synthetic method. Our findings may be applicable to a wider range of materials and prove equally powerful for searching for other high-performing energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Yilin Yin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
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20
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Voinkov EK, Drokin RA, Fedotov VV, Butorin II, Savateev KV, Lyapustin DN, Gazizov DA, Gorbunov EB, Slepukhin PA, Gerasimova NA, Evstigneeva NP, Zilberberg NV, Kungurov NV, Ulomsky EN, Rusinov VL. Azolo[5,1‐
c
][1,2,4]triazines and Azoloazapurines: Synthesis, Antimicrobial activity and
in silico
Studies. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Egor K. Voinkov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Drokin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Victor V. Fedotov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Ilya I. Butorin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Savateev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Daniil N. Lyapustin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Denis A. Gazizov
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy st. / Akademicheskaya st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny B. Gorbunov
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy st. / Akademicheskaya st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy st. / Akademicheskaya st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Natalya A. Gerasimova
- Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Natalya P. Evstigneeva
- Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Natalya V. Zilberberg
- Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay V. Kungurov
- Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology 8 Shcherbakova st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny N. Ulomsky
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy st. / Akademicheskaya st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir L. Rusinov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology Ural Federal University 19 Mira St. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy st. / Akademicheskaya st. Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
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21
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Liu Y, Gong L, Yi X, He P, Zhang J. Tunable 1,2,3-triazole- N-oxides towards high energy density materials: theoretical insight into structure–property correlations. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized bridged 1,2,3-triazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties as well as comprehensive correlations were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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22
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Hu Y, Lu ZJ, Dong WS, Zhang J, Sinditskii VP. Detonation performance enhancement through a positional isomerism modification strategy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, physical properties, and calculated detonation performances of two skeleton isomeric energetic compounds containing tetrazole were introduced. By changing the chemical modification sites of the original fused-pyrimidine skeleton,...
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23
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Deev SL, Shestakova TS, Shenkarev ZO, Paramonov AS, Khalymbadzha IA, Eltsov OS, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. 15N Chemical Shifts and JNN-Couplings as Diagnostic Tools for Determination of the Azide-Tetrazole Equilibrium in Tetrazoloazines. J Org Chem 2021; 87:211-222. [PMID: 34941254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selectively 15N-labeled tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazines and tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing one, two, or three 15N labels were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were studied by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy in DMSO and TFA solutions, where the azide-tetrazole equilibrium can lead to the formation of two tetrazole (T, T') isomers and one azide (A) isomer for each compound. Incorporation of the 15N-label(s) leads to the appearance of 15N-15N coupling constants (JNN), which can be easily measured via simple 1D 15N NMR spectra, even at natural abundance between labeled and unlabeled 15N atoms. The chemical shifts for the 15N nuclei in the azole moiety are very sensitive to the ring opening and azide formation, thus providing information about the azido-tetrazole equilibrium. At the same time, the 1-2JNN couplings between 15N-labeled atoms in the azole and azine fragments unambiguously determine the fusion type between tetrazole and azine rings in the cyclic isomers T and T'. Thus, combined analysis of 15N chemical shifts and JNN values in selectively isotope-enriched compounds provides an effective diagnostic tool for direct structural determination of tetrazole isomers and azide form in solution. This method was found to be the most simple and efficient way to study the azido-tetrazole equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey L Deev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Shestakova
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Khalymbadzha
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S Eltsov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia.,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 Sofya Kovalevskaya Street, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia.,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 Sofya Kovalevskaya Street, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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24
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3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO): High Explosive Insensitive Energetic Material. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Nezafat Z, Bidgoli NSS, Shafiei N. Use of tetrazoles in catalysis and energetic applications: Recent developments. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and energetic properties of trifluoromethyl-substituted 2-nitro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Ha H, Kim B, Kwon K, Kim SH, Cho C. Synthesis of TKX‐50 via 2‐Methoxyisopropyl‐Protected Diazidoglyoxime as an Insensitive Intermediate. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heun‐Jong Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 4th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Kim
- The 4th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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28
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Wang T, Gao H, Shreeve JM. Functionalized Tetrazole Energetics: A Route to Enhanced Performance. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jean'ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-2343 United States
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29
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Wu F. Substituent effects on detonation properties and stability of energetic dipicrylamine derivatives from a theoretical study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1869733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinke Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Liu Y, Dong Z, Yang R, Li H, Liu Y, Ye Z. Imino-bridged N-rich energetic materials: C 4H 3N 17 and their derivatives assembled from the powerful combination of four tetrazoles. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Imino-bridged symmetric N-rich energetic materials with high energetics and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P.R. China
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31
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Wang S, Li C, Lu T, Wang G, Yin H, Ma Q, Fan G, Chen FX. Fused triazolotriazine bearing a gem-dinitro group: a promising high energy density material. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Improving the density and detonation velocity, and reducing the sensitivity by introducing the fluorodinitromethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Congcong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
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32
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Yang F, Xu Y, Wang P, Lin Q, Bi F, Liu N, Lu M. Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine with similar “amino–nitro–amino” arrangement characteristics to TATB: a novel heat-resistant explosive with fused structure. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introducing the structural characteristics of TATB into the fused structure is a promising strategy for preparing high-energy heat-resistant explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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33
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Vaddypally S, Kiselev VG, Byrne AN, Goldsmith CF, Zdilla MJ. Transition-metal-mediated reduction and reversible double-cyclization of cyanuric triazide to an asymmetric bitetrazolate involving cleavage of the six-membered aromatic ring. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2268-2275. [PMID: 34163993 PMCID: PMC8179262 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanuric triazide reacts with several transition metal precursors, extruding one equivalent of N2 and reducing the putative diazidotriazeneylnitrene species by two electrons, which rearranges to N-(1'H-[1,5'-bitetrazol]-5-yl)methanediiminate (biTzI2-) dianionic ligand, which ligates the metal and dimerizes, and is isolated from pyridine as [M(biTzI)]2Py6 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni). Reagent scope, product analysis, and quantum chemical calculations were combined to elucidate the mechanism of formation as a two-electron reduction preceding ligand rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University 184 Hope St. Providence RI 02912 USA .,Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS 3 Institutskaya Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS 4 Kosygina Str. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alex N Byrne
- Temple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
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34
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Voinkov EK, Drokin RA, Ulomsky EN, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL. Methods of Synthesis for the Azolo[1,2,4]Triazines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Egorov SA, Ishchenko MA, Prokopovich YV, Ivanova VI. Alkylation of 5-Substituted Tetrazoles with Various Alcohols in 1,2-Dichloroethane in the Presence of BF3·Et2O. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802007012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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37
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Wu Q, Li M, Hu Q, Zhang Z, Zhu W. Effects of boron doping on structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of energetic crystal 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide: a theoretical study using the first principles calculation and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Model 2020; 26:41. [PMID: 32009197 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Boron-contained compounds are one kind of new energetic materials, and have been synthesized successfully lately. However, the effects of introduced boron atoms into the energetic system are unclear. In this work, using the known insensitive energy crystal 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-l-oxide (LLM-105) as the model compound, boron doping effects on its crystal structure, band gap and structure, intermolecular contacts, sensitivity, elastic property, optical absorption behavior, and dielectric function were studied by the first principles calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis. One B atom was doped at four different doping sites in the ring (two kinds of nitrogen N1/N2 and carbon atoms C3/C4), respectively, and formed four new crystals LLM-105-B1/B2/B3/B4. The results showed that the B atom and its doping site both make great influence on the structure and properties. The B doping obviously decreased the band gap and weakened the strength of intermolecular contacts, giving rise to higher sensitivity and worse safety. Especially for LLM-105-B4 which has a 0 eV value of band gap, the doped B atom made great contributions to the density of states around the Fermi level, leading to the suddenly move down of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and directly link of total density of states at the Fermi level. Doping the B atom at the site C3 improved the ductility and plasticity of LLM-105, while LLM-105-B2 was found to be the most brittle and anisotropic crystal. Doping B atoms at sites N2 and C4 increased the absorption to green, orange, and red lights, while the absorption strength to the infrared light was enhanced in most cases. The dielectric constant and polarity were significantly increased by doping boron atoms at sites C3 and C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 1 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, 211167, China.
| | - Mingqun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 1 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Qinnan Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 1 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Zewu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 1 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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38
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Chen S, Liu Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Zhang Q. 5,6-Fused bicyclic tetrazolo-pyridazine energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1493-1496. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two 5,6-fused tetrazolo-pyridazine compounds were synthesized and characterized, which exhibited high thermal stability, excellent energetic properties and low mechanical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yuji Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yongan Feng
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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39
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Liu T, Liao S, Song S, Wang K, Jin Y, Zhang Q. Combination of gem-dinitromethyl functionality and a 5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole framework for zwitterionic energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:209-212. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08182h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of zwitterionic energetic materials was reported, which exhibited higher densities and better detonation performances than common energetic salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Sicheng Liao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Siwei Song
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
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40
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Creegan SE, Piercey DG. Nitroacetonitrile as a versatile precursor in energetic materials synthesis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39478-39484. [PMID: 35515370 PMCID: PMC9057483 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroacetonitrile is the simplest α-nitronitrile; it possesses a single central carbon attached to two strong electronegative, electron-withdrawing groups allowing extensive chemistry through the active methylene center. Free nitroacetonitrile has purification and stability issues, however stable salts of nitroacetonitrile possess the same reactivity as the free acid and are much more stable. Nitroacetonitrile serves as a versatile synthetic precursor in the formation of heterocyclic and polyfunctional aliphatic products and can allow for straightforward conversion to amino, acyl, and other functional groups. A main advantage of using nitroacetonitrile in the formation of heterocyclic-based energetics is its ability to add vicinal amino and nitro moieties onto fused ring structures, a common structural motif in insensitive energetic materials. In this minireview we discuss the preparation of nitroacetonitrile and its stable salts, as well as discuss the range of energetic materials this versatile precursor has found use in. Nitroacetonitrile is a useful synthetic precursor capable of participating in a wide range of reactions and enables the simple synthesis of annulated heterocyclic systems which are rapidly becoming promising new energetic materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Creegan
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Purdue Energetics Research Center (PERC)
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Davin G. Piercey
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Purdue Energetics Research Center (PERC)
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
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41
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Ma J, Yang H, Tang J, Zhang G, Yi Z, Zhu S, Cheng G. A novel energetic framework combining the advantages of furazan and triazole: a design for high-performance insensitive explosives. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4675-4679. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining energetic furazan and triazole rings to achieve a series of high performance and insensitive energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhenxin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shunguan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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42
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Bian C, Feng W, Lei Q, Huang H, Li X, Wang J, Li C, Xiao Z. A facile synthesis of energetic salts based on fully nitroamino-functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:368-374. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Promising high-energy-density materials: energetic salts based on fully nitroamino-functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Bian
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Qunying Lei
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- School of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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43
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Xia H, Zhang W, Jin Y, Song S, Wang K, Zhang Q. Synthesis of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Incorporating the Tetrazole Functionality into a Fused-Ring 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo-[4,3- c]Pyrazole Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45914-45921. [PMID: 31718130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of fused-ring energetic materials, i.e., 3,6-dinitro-1,4-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNTPP, compound 2) and its ionic derivatives (compounds 3-8), were designed and synthesized in this study. The molecular structures of compounds 2, 3, 6, 7·2H2O, and 8 were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their physicochemical and energetic properties, such as density, thermal stability, heat of formation, sensitivity, and detonation properties (e.g., detonation velocity and detonation pressure), were also evaluated. The results indicate that DNTPP and most of its ionic derivatives are extremely thermally stable and insensitive toward mechanical stimuli. In particular, the thermal decomposition temperature of compound 3 is up to 329 °C, while compounds 7 and 8 are very insensitive (impact sensitivity: >20 J; friction sensitivity: >360 N). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 possess good comprehensive properties, including excellent thermal stability, remarkable low sensitivities, and favorable detonation performance. These features show that DNTPP and its ionic derivatives have considerable promise as thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Siwei Song
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , China
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44
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He P, Liu J, Wu J, Mei H, Zhang J. Dimethoxycarbonyl Groups Surrounding a Symmetric Diaminobistetrazole Ring: Exploring New Green Energetic Materials. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3845-3849. [PMID: 31562684 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxygen-containing dimethoxycarbonyl diaminobistetrazole (1) was synthesized via a facile strategy. The sodium salt (2) based on this ligand was prepared and these two compounds were fully characterized by using elemental analysis, IR and mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their density, heats of formation, thermal stability and sensitivity, as well as the energetic properties from EXPLO5 code were investigated. These newly synthesized compounds possess high positive heats of formation and detonation heats. Compound 1 exhibits good detonation performance and acceptable stability, and might be a potential eco-friendly alternative of lead azide. The present study contributes to the development of tetrazole derivatives as new energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jinting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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45
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Kiselev VG, Goldsmith CF. Accurate Thermochemistry of Novel Energetic Fused Tricyclic 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine Nitro Derivatives from Local Coupled Cluster Methods. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9818-9827. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly G. Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Str., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C. Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Str., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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46
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Zhu W, Ye Z, Dong Z. Nitramino-furazan-functionalized fused high-nitrogen backbones as energetic materials with high detonation performance and good molecular stabilities. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising fused energetic compound is investigated through the cooperation between nitramino-1,2,5-oxadiazole and fused high-nitrogen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangying Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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47
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He P, Han J, Wu J, Mei H, Zhang J. Computational insight into a new family of functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides as high-energy density materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties were extensively investigated. The excellent performance makes them promising candidates for new environmentally friendly HEDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Jinting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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48
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Hu L, Yin P, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Gao H, Shreeve JM. Fused rings with N-oxide and –NH2: good combination for high density and low sensitivity energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8979-8982. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials with N-oxide and amino groups suggest a promising alternative for the design of high-energy materials with low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
| | | | | | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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