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Pinar Solé A, Klívar J, Šámal M, Stará IG, Starý I, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Ernst KH, Jelínek P, Stetsovych O. On-Surface Synthesis of Helicene Oligomers. Chemistry 2024:e202304127. [PMID: 38587984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We report on-surface synthesis of heterochiral 1D heptahelicene oligomers after deposition of a racemic heptahelicene monomer on an Au(111) surface followed by Ullmann coupling under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Structure, chirality and mode of adsorption of the resulting dimers to octamers are inferred from the scanning probe microscopy and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pinar Solé
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klívar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Department, C/ Francisco Tomás y, Valiente 7, Module 05, Facultad de Ciencias, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- University of Zurich Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Stetsovych
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Kimura S, Hattori T, Ye C, Okada M, Kondo S, Sakurama Y, Saito A, Krukowski P, Osuga H, Kuwahara Y. STM/TERS observation of ( M)-type diphenyl[7]thiaheterohelicene on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7658-7663. [PMID: 38369923 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The chiral recognition of a self-assembled structure of enantiopure (M)-type 2,13-diphenyl[7]thiaheterohelicene ((M)-Ph-[7]TH) was investigated on a Ag(111) substrate by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). In contrast to previous research of thiaheterohelicene and its derivatives showing zigzag row formation on the Ag(111) substrate, the hexagonal ordered structure was observed by STM. The obtained TERS spectra of (M)-Ph-[7]TH were consistent with the Raman spectra calculated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT), which suggests that (M)-Ph-[7]TH was adsorbed on the substrate without decomposition. The sample bias voltage dependence of STM images combined with the calculated molecular orbitals of (M)-Ph-[7]TH indicates that a phenyl ring was observed as a protrusion at +3.0 V, whereas the helicene backbone was observed at +0.5 V. From these results, a possible model of the hexagonal structure was proposed. Owing to the phenyl ring, the van der Waals interaction between (M)-Ph-[7]TH and the substrate becomes strong. This leads to the formation of the hexagonal structure with the same symmetry as the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kimura
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Takuma Hattori
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Masaki Okada
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kondo
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 6408510, Japan
| | - Yui Sakurama
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 6408510, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Pawel Krukowski
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hideji Osuga
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 6408510, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuwahara
- Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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3
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Voigt J, Hasan M, Wäckerlin C, Karnik AV, Ernst KH. Switching the on-surface orientation of oxygen-functionalized helicene. Chirality 2024; 36:e23642. [PMID: 38384155 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Helicenes represent an important class of chiral organic material with promising optoelectronic properties. Hence, functionalization of surfaces with helicenes is a key step toward new organic materials devices. The deposition of a heterohelicene containing two furano groups and two hydroxyl groups onto copper(111) surface in ultrahigh vacuum leads to different adsorbate modifications. At low coverage and low temperature, the molecules tend to lie on the surface in order to maximize van der Waals contact with the substrate. Thermal treatment leads to deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups and in part into a reorientation from lying into a standing adsorbate mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voigt
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Anil V Karnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Mendieta‐Moreno JI, Mallada B, de la Torre B, Cadart T, Kotora M, Jelínek P. Unusual Scaffold Rearrangement in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Driven by Concerted Action of Single Gold Atoms on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208010. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry Palacký University Olomouc Str. 17. listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic Chemistry Charles University 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry Charles University 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
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5
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Han Q, Li Z, Sun K, Tao ML, Shi MX, Yang DX, Xia JX, Wan JJ, Wang JZ. Spontaneous chiral resolution of pentahelicene molecules on Cd(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10292-10296. [PMID: 35437551 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral resolution is of fundamental importance to conglomerate or racemate crystallization. Here we demonstrate that the spontaneous chiral resolution of pentahelicene racemates occurred in the monolayer domains. When deposited on a Cd(0001) surface, pentahelicene molecules crystallize into a commensurate (6 × 6)R0° structure built mainly from homochiral trimers. Spontaneous chirality separation takes place in the form of opposite mirror domains, where 2D enantiomorphism is not expressed by the oblique adlattice, but by the supramolecular chirality of the pentahelicene trimers. Furthermore, annealing the sample or extreme close-packing lead to the presence of lattice handedness through the formation of a porous network structure or an edge-on phase. These results provide valuable insight for 2D conglomerate crystallization and stereochemical recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Da-Xiao Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing-Xiang Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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6
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Xia JX, Li Z, Han Q, Wan JJ, Shi MX, Tao ML, Sun K, Wang JZ. Homochiral to heterochiral transition in a pentahelicene monolayer on Bi(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24344-24348. [PMID: 34676838 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the nucleation and two dimensional (2D) crystallization of the helical aromatic hydrocarbon pentahelicene ([5]H) on the semimetallic Bi(111) surface studied via low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Individual homochiral dimers and heterochiral trimers appear on the substrate at a low coverage. With an increase in the coverage, a chiral phase transition takes place from the 2D conglomerate of [5]H dimers to the 2D racemate of [5]H trimers. The heterochiral [5]H trimers reveal a wavy arrangement due to the swing of 5[H] trimer rows after every second or third trimers. The swing mechanism of the trimer rows can be attributed to the steric repulsion between the adjacent trimers with same handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,School of Science, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, China
| | - Qing Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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7
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Telychko M, Wang L, Hsu CH, Li G, Peng X, Song S, Su J, Chuang FC, Wu J, Wong MW, Lu J. Tailoring long-range superlattice chirality in molecular self-assemblies via weak fluorine-mediated interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21489-21495. [PMID: 34550130 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02996g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controllable fabrication of enantiospecific molecular superlattices is a matter of imminent scientific and technological interest. Herein, we demonstrate that long-range superlattice chirality in molecular self-assemblies can be tailored by tuning the interplay of weak intermolecular non-covalent interactions between hexaphenylbenzene-based enantiomers. By means of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, we demonstrate that the functionalization of a hexaphenylbenzene-based molecule with fluorine (F) atoms leads to the formation of molecular self-assemblies with distinct long-range chiral recognition patterns. We employed density functional theory calculations to quantify F-mediated lone pair F⋯π, C-H⋯F, and F⋯F interactions attributed to the distinct enantiospecific molecular self-organizations. Our findings underpin a viable route to fabricate long-range chiral recognition patterns in supramolecular assemblies by engineering the weak non-covalent intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Chia-Hsiu Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Feng-Chuan Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore. .,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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8
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Mallada B, de la Torre B, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Nachtigallová D, Matěj A, Matoušek M, Mutombo P, Brabec J, Veis L, Cadart T, Kotora M, Jelínek P. On-Surface Strain-Driven Synthesis of Nonalternant Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds Containing Four- to Eight-Membered Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14694-14702. [PMID: 34379396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing various non-benzenoid rings remains a big challenge facing contemporary organic chemistry despite a considerable effort made over the last decades. Herein, we present a novel route, employing on-surface chemistry, to synthesize nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing up to four distinct kinds of non-benzenoid rings. We show that the surface-induced mechanical constraints imposed on strained helical reactants play a decisive role leading to the formation of products, energetically unfavorable in solution, with a peculiar ring current stabilizing the aromatic character of the π-conjugated system. Determination of the chemical and electronic structures of the most frequent product reveals its closed-shell character and low band gap. The present study renders a new route for the synthesis of novel nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other hydrocarbons driven by internal stress imposed by the surface not available by traditional approaches of organic chemistry in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Matoušek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Redero P, Aniban X, Simon M, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. In-Fjord Substitution in Expanded Helicenes: Effects of the Insert on the Inversion Barrier and Helical Pitch. Chemistry 2021; 27:13358-13366. [PMID: 34288171 PMCID: PMC8519012 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of expanded helicenes of different sizes and shapes incorporating phenyl- and biphenyl-substituents at the deepest part of their fjord have been synthesized via sequential Au-catalyzed hydroarylation of appropriately designed diynes, and their racemization barriers have been calculated employing electronic structure methods. These show that the overall profile of the inversions (energies, number of transition states and intermediates, and their relative position) is intensively affected by the interplay of steric and attractive London dispersion interactions. Hence, in-fjord substitution constitutes an additional tool to handle the mechanical properties in helicenes of uncommonly large diameter. The photochemical characterization of the newly prepared helical structures is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Redero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xaiza Aniban
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Voigt J, Roy M, Baljozović M, Wäckerlin C, Coquerel Y, Gingras M, Ernst K. Unbalanced 2D Chiral Crystallization of Pentahelicene Propellers and Their Planarization into Nanographenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10251-10254. [PMID: 34042228 PMCID: PMC8362048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chiral self-assembly of trispentahelicene propellers on a gold surface has been investigated in ultrahigh vacuum by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The trispentahelicene propellers aggregate into mirror domains with an enantiomeric ratio of 2 : 1. Thermally induced cyclodehydrogenation leads to planarization into nanographenes, which self-assemble into closed-packed layers with two different azimuths. Further treatment induces in part dimerization and trimerization by intermolecular cyclodehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Voigt
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Myriam Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ.CNRSCINAMMarseilleFrance
| | - Miloš Baljozović
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ.CNRSCentrale MarseilleiSm2MarseilleFrance
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Ernst
- Surface Science and Coating TechnologiesEmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 1298600DübendorfSwitzerland
- Nanosurf LaboratoryInstitute of PhysicsThe Czech Academy of SciencesCukrovarnická 1016200PragueCzech Republic
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich8057ZurichSwitzerland
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11
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Irziqat B, Berger J, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Sundar MS, Bedekar AV, Ernst KH. Transition from Homochiral Clusters to Racemate Monolayers during 2D Crystallization of Trioxa[11]helicene on Ag(100). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:293-297. [PMID: 33289221 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of chiral crystallization into homochiral crystals is known for more than 170 years, yet it is still poorly understood. Studying crystallization on surfaces under well-defined condition seems a promising approach towards better understanding the intermolecular chiral recognition mechanisms during nucleation and growth. The two-dimensional aggregation of racemic trioxaundecahelicene on the single crystalline silver(100) surface has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy and with non-contact atomic force microscopy, as well as molecular modeling simulations. A transition from homochiral cluster motifs to heterochiral assembly into large islands with increasing coverage is observed. Force field modelling confirms higher stability of heterochiral arrangements from twelve molecules on. Results are discussed with respect to previous findings for the all-carbon heptahelicene on the same surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaaeddin Irziqat
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Berger
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mothuku Shyam Sundar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ashutosh V Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Seibel J, Parschau M, Ernst KH. Double layer crystallization of heptahelicene on noble metal surfaces. Chirality 2020; 32:975-980. [PMID: 32343874 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of enantiomers of chiral compounds via crystallization is the dominant method in chemical industry, but chiral recognition at the molecular level during this process is still poorly understood. Using single metal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum as model system, the enantio-related transition from the monolayer structure into a double layer of the racemic mixture of heptahelicene has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. Submolecular resolution reveals enantiopure second layers on Ag(111) and almost enantiopure second layers on Au(111). In analogy to previous results on Cu(111), it is concluded that transition from the 2D first layer racemate into a layered racemate occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Parschau
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Nejedlý J, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Sánchez IG, Houska V, Warzecha T, Vacek J, Sieger L, Buděšínský M, Bednárová L, Fiedler P, Císařová I, Starý I, Stará IG. Synthesis of Racemic, Diastereopure, and Enantiopure Carba- or Oxa[5]-, [6]-, [7]-, and -[19]helicene (Di)thiol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:248-276. [PMID: 31808692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of carba- or oxa[5]-, [6]-, [7]-, and -[19]helicene (di)thiols was prepared. The Miyazaki-Newman-Kwart rearrangement of (dimethylcarbamothioyl)oxy (oxa)helicenes in a flow reactor or nucleophilic substitution of dichloro (oxa)helicenes with alkanethiolates were used in the sulfanylation step. Despite the high temperatures employed in this key step, no conformational scrambling was observed during the asymmetric synthesis of the diastereo- and enantiopure oxahelicenes. Single-molecule conductivity of the longest oxa[19]helicene dithiol derivative was studied by the scanning tunneling microscopy break-junction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Nejedlý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Gay Sánchez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Václav Houska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Warzecha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Sieger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering , CTU in Prague , Technická 2 , 166 27 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fiedler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 166 10 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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