1
|
Yue JY, Luo JX, Pan ZX, Zhang RZ, Yang P, Xu Q, Tang B. Regulating the Topology of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Overall H 2O 2 Photogeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405763. [PMID: 38607321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions and water oxidation reactions are extremely promising green approaches for massive H2O2 production. Nonetheless, constructing effective photocatalysts for H2O2 generation is critical and still challenging. Since the network topology has significant impacts on the electronic properties of two dimensional (2D) polymers, herein, for the first time, we regulated the H2O2 photosynthetic activity of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by topology. Through designing the linking sites of the monomers, we synthesized a pair of novel COFs with similar chemical components on the backbones but distinct topologies. Without sacrificial agents, TBD-COF with cpt topology exhibited superior H2O2 photoproduction performance (6085 and 5448 μmol g-1 h-1 in O2 and air) than TBC-COF with hcb topology through the O2-O2⋅--H2O2, O2-O2⋅--O2 1-H2O2, and H2O-H2O2 three paths. Further experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed that during the H2O2 photosynthetic process, the charge carrier separation efficiency, O2⋅- generation and conversion, and the energy barrier of the rate determination steps in the three channels, related to the formation of *OOH, *O2 1, and *OH, can be well tuned by the topology of COFs. The current study enlightens the fabrication of high-performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production by topological structure modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xian Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zhao S, Položij M, Heine T. Electronic Lieb lattice signatures embedded in two-dimensional polymers with a square lattice. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5757-5763. [PMID: 38638224 PMCID: PMC11023029 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Exotic band features, such as Dirac cones and flat bands, arise directly from the lattice symmetry of materials. The Lieb lattice is one of the most intriguing topologies, because it possesses both Dirac cones and flat bands which intersect at the Fermi level. However, the synthesis of Lieb lattice materials remains a challenging task. Here, we explore two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) derived from zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) building blocks with a square lattice (sql) as potential electronic Lieb lattice materials. By systematically varying the linker length (ZnPc-xP), we found that some ZnPc-xP exhibit a characteristic Lieb lattice band structure. Interestingly though, fes bands are also observed in ZnPc-xP. The coexistence of fes and Lieb in sql 2DPs challenges the conventional perception of the structure-electronic structure relationship. In addition, we show that manipulation of the Fermi level, achieved by electron removal or atom substitution, effectively preserves the unique characteristics of Lieb bands. The Lieb Dirac bands of ZnPc-4P shows a non-zero Chern number. Our discoveries provide a fresh perspective on 2DPs and redefine the search for Lieb lattice materials into a well-defined chemical synthesis task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR Bautzner Landstr. 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS Untermarkt 20 02826 Görlitz Germany
| | - Shuangjie Zhao
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Miroslav Položij
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR Bautzner Landstr. 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS Untermarkt 20 02826 Görlitz Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR Bautzner Landstr. 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS Untermarkt 20 02826 Görlitz Germany
- Department of Chemistry and, ibs for Nanomedicine, Yonsei University Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-749 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoffmann F, Siebert M, Duft A, Krstić V. Fingerprints of magnetoinduced charge density waves in monolayer graphene beyond half filling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21664. [PMID: 36522419 PMCID: PMC9755137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A charge density wave is a condensate of fermions, whose charge density shows a long-range periodic modulation. Such charge density wave can be principally described as a macroscopic quantum state and is known to occur by various formation mechanisms. These are the lattice deforming Peierls transition, the directional, fermionic wave vector orientation prone Fermi surface nesting or the generic charge ordering, which in contrast is associated solely with the undirected effective Coulomb interaction between fermions. In two-dimensional Dirac/Weyl-like systems, the existence of charge density waves is only theoretically predicted within the ultralow energy regime at half filling. Taking graphene as host of two-dimensional fermions described by a Dirac/Weyl Hamiltonian, we tuned indirectly the effective mutual Coulomb interaction between fermions through adsorption of tetracyanoquinodimethane on top in the low coverage limit. We thereby achieved the development of a novel, low-dimensional dissipative charge density wave of Weyl-like fermions, even beyond half filling with additional magneto-induced localization and quantization. This charge density wave appears both, in the electron and the hole spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hoffmann
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Siebert
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Duft
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vojislav Krstić
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu W, Kher-Elden MA, Zhang H, Cheng P, Chen L, Piquero-Zulaica I, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Barth JV, Wu K, Zhang YQ. Engineering novel surface electronic states via complex supramolecular tessellations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7039-7048. [PMID: 35471409 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring Shockley surface-state (SS) electrons utilizing complex interfacial supramolecular tessellations was explored by low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, combined with computational modelling using electron plane wave expansion (EPWE) and empirical tight-binding (TB) methods. Employing a recently introduced gas-mediated on-surface reaction protocol, three distinct types of open porous networks comprising paired organometallic species as basic tectons were selectively synthesized. In particular, these supramolecular networks feature semiregular Archimedean tilings, providing intricate quantum dots (QDs) coupling scenarios compared to hexagonal porous superlattices. Our experimental results in conjunction with modelling calculations demonstrate the possibility of realizing novel two-dimensional electronic structures such as Kagome- and Dirac-type as well as hybrid Kagome-type bands via QD coupling. Compared to constructing SS electron pathways via molecular manipulations, our studies reveal significant potential of exploiting QD coupling as a complementary and versatile route for the control of surface electronic landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammad A Kher-Elden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City E-11884 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hexu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | | | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City E-11884 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Wang D. Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Tessellation by Synthetic Art. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang P, Ouyang T, Li J, He C, Chen Y, Zhang C, Tang C, Zhong J. Tunable topologically nontrivial states in newly discovered graphyne allotropes: from Dirac nodal grid to Dirac nodal loop. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485705. [PMID: 34380128 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1cbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By means of quotient-graph associated crystal prediction method, a new graphyne allotrope with unique Dirac nodal grid state is reported in this work. It is named as 191-E24Y24-1 according to its hexagonal lattice (with P6/mmm symmetry, No. 191) containing 24 sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and 24 sp-hybridized ones. The first-principles results show that the total energy of 191-E24Y24-1 is more favorable than that of recent synthesizedβ-graphdiyne and carbon ene-yne. It is also demonstrated to be dynamically, thermally, and mechanically stable. Interestingly, the 191-E24Y24-1 harbors intrinsic semimetal features showing intriguing hexagonal Dirac nodal grid state in the reciprocal space. Such unique electronic state is stable against small external tensile strains, and it is tunable under compression strains which will transform to new triangle Dirac nodal grid state. Moreover, a new metastable graphyne allotrope named 191-E12Y36-4 with Dirac nodal loop state is also observed in the process of stretching 191-E24Y24-1 with large tensile strains. The results presented in this work reveal two novel graphyne allotropes with exotic electronic properties. These discoveries are not only physical interesting, but also provide potential material candidates for carbon-based high performance electronic nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyu He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanping Chen
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Device, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Zheng Y, Nie X, Xu C, Hao Z, Song L, You S, Xi J, Pan M, Lin H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Chi L. Constructing and Transferring Two-Dimensional Tessellation Kagome Lattices via Chemical Reactions on Cu(111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8151-8156. [PMID: 34410130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. 2D tessellations have been successfully constructed on surfaces via various intermolecular interactions. However, the transformation between 2D tessellation lattices has been rarely reported. Herein, we successfully fabricated two types of Kagome lattices on Cu(111). The former phase exhibits (3,6,3,6) Kagome lattices, which are stabilized via the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The latter phase is formed through direct chemical transferring from the former one maintaining almost the same Kagome lattices, except for that the unit cell rotates for 4°. Detailed scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the chemical transformation is achieved by the formation of the N-Cu-N metal-organic bonds via dehydrogenation reactions of the amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan You
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Xi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Crasto de Lima F, Fazzio A. Bandgap evolution in nanographene assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11501-11506. [PMID: 33960330 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently cycloarene has been experimentally obtained in a self-assembled structure, forming graphene-like monoatomic layered systems. Here, we established bandgap engineering/prediction in cycloarene assemblies within a combination of density functional theory and tight-binding Hamiltonians. Our results show that the inter-molecule bond density rules the bandgap. The increase in such bond density increases the valence/conduction bandwidth decreasing the energy gap linearly. We derived an effective model that allows the interpretation of the arising energy gap for general particle-hole symmetric molecular arrangements based on inter-molecular bond strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Crasto de Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - A Fazzio
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crasto de Lima F, Fazzio A. Emergent quasiparticles in Euclidean tilings. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5270-5274. [PMID: 33662069 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A material's geometric structure is a fundamental part of its properties. The honeycomb geometry of graphene is responsible for its Dirac cone, while kagome and Lieb lattices host flat bands and pseudospin-1 Dirac dispersion. These features seem to be particular to a few 2D systems rather than a common occurrence. Given this correlation between structure and properties, exploring new geometries can lead to unexplored states and phenomena. Kepler is the pioneer of the mathematical tiling theory, describing ways of filling the Euclidean plane with geometric forms in his book Harmonices Mundi. In this article, we characterize 1255 lattices composed of k-uniform tiling of the Euclidean plane and unveil their intrinsic properties; this class of arranged tiles presents high-degeneracy points, exotic quasiparticles and flat bands as common features. Here, we present a guide for the experimental interpretation and prediction of new 2D systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Crasto de Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - A Fazzio
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernández-López L, Piquero-Zulaica I, Downing CA, Piantek M, Fujii J, Serrate D, Ortega JE, Bartolomé F, Lobo-Checa J. Searching for kagome multi-bands and edge states in a predicted organic topological insulator. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5216-5223. [PMID: 33661272 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mixed honeycomb-kagome lattices featuring metal-organic networks have been theoretically proposed as topological insulator materials capable of hosting nontrivial edge states. This new family of so-called "organic topological insulators" are purely two-dimensional and combine polyaromatic-flat molecules with metal adatoms. However, their experimental validation is still pending given the generalized absence of edge states. Here, we generate one such proposed network on a Cu(111) substrate and study its morphology and electronic structure with the purpose of confirming its topological properties. The structural techniques reveal a practically flawless network that results in a kagome network multi-band observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, at the network island borders we notice the absence of edge states. Bond-resolved imaging of the network exhibits an unexpected structural symmetry alteration that explains such disappearance. This collective lifting of the network symmetry could be more general than initially expected and provide a simple explanation for the recurrent experimental absence of edge states in predicted organic topological insulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Hernández-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Charles A Downing
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Marten Piantek
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jun Fujii
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Telychko M, Li G, Mutombo P, Soler-Polo D, Peng X, Su J, Song S, Koh MJ, Edmonds M, Jelínek P, Wu J, Lu J. Ultrahigh-yield on-surface synthesis and assembly of circumcoronene into a chiral electronic Kagome-honeycomb lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabf0269. [PMID: 33523911 PMCID: PMC7810380 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has revealed remarkable potential in the fabrication of atomically precise nanographenes. However, surface-assisted synthesis often involves multiple-step cascade reactions with competing pathways, leading to a limited yield of target nanographene products. Here, we devise a strategy for the ultrahigh-yield synthesis of circumcoronene molecules on Cu(111) via surface-assisted intramolecular dehydrogenation of the rationally designed precursor, followed by methyl radical-radical coupling and aromatization. An elegant electrostatic interaction between circumcoronenes and metallic surface drives their self-organization into an extended superlattice, as revealed by bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy measurements. Density functional theory and tight-binding calculations reveal that unique hexagonal zigzag topology of circumcoronenes, along with their periodic electrostatic landscape, confines two-dimensional electron gas in Cu(111) into a chiral electronic Kagome-honeycomb lattice with two emergent electronic flat bands. Our findings open up a new route for the high-yield fabrication of elusive nanographenes with zigzag topologies and their superlattices with possible nontrivial electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Petrochemistry and Refining, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Mark Edmonds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu W, Zhang H, Cheng P, Chen L, Chen Z, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Barth JV, Wu K, Zhang YQ. Creating supramolecular semiregular Archimedean tilings via gas-mediated deprotonation of a terminal alkyne derivative. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Combining surface-confined reactions with supramolecular self-assembly allows the chemical transformation of simple molecular precursors into higher-level tectons to generate complex tessellations with unique structural and functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hexu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma DS, Xu Y, Chiu CS, Regnault N, Houck AA, Song Z, Bernevig BA. Spin-Orbit-Induced Topological Flat Bands in Line and Split Graphs of Bipartite Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:266403. [PMID: 33449777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.266403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Topological flat bands, such as the band in twisted bilayer graphene, are becoming a promising platform to study topics such as correlation physics, superconductivity, and transport. In this Letter, we introduce a generic approach to construct two-dimensional (2D) topological quasiflat bands from line graphs and split graphs of bipartite lattices. A line graph or split graph of a bipartite lattice exhibits a set of flat bands and a set of dispersive bands. The flat band connects to the dispersive bands through a degenerate state at some momentum. We find that, with spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the flat band becomes quasiflat and gapped from the dispersive bands. By studying a series of specific line graphs and split graphs of bipartite lattices, we find that (i) if the flat band (without SOC) has inversion or C_{2} symmetry and is nondegenerate, then the resulting quasiflat band must be topologically nontrivial, and (ii) if the flat band (without SOC) is degenerate, then there exists a SOC potential such that the resulting quasiflat band is topologically nontrivial. This generic mechanism serves as a paradigm for finding topological quasiflat bands in 2D crystalline materials and metamaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Shuai Ma
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christie S Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Nicolas Regnault
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew A Houck
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Zhida Song
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - B Andrei Bernevig
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ye XB, Tuo P, Pan BC. Flatband in a three-dimensional tungsten nitride compound. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224503. [PMID: 32534531 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the flatband of a W1N2 crystal is theoretically investigated. It is revealed that the flatband can be well-described by a tight-binding model of the N12 skeleton, where the dispersion of the flatband is governed by both the ppσ bonding strength (Vppσ) and the ppπ bonding strength (Vppπ) between the nearest-neighbor N atoms. It is also found that the proper strength of the ppπ bonding between neighboring N atoms plays a prime role in the formation of the flatband. In addition, when the compound is doped with holes, the electrons at the flatband are fully polarized, showing a ferromagnetic character. This behavior has a weak correlation with the on-site Coulomb interaction U. Moreover, several three-dimensional compounds possessing flatbands in the whole k space are predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X B Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - P Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - B C Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Crasto de Lima F, Miwa RH. Engineering Metal-sp xy Dirac Bands on the Oxidized SiC Surface. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3956-3962. [PMID: 32212713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to construct 2D systems, beyond materials' natural formation, enriches the search and control capability of new phenomena, for instance, the synthesis of topological lattices of vacancies on metal surfaces through scanning tunneling microscopy. In the present study, we demonstrate that metal atoms encaged in a silicate adlayer on silicon carbide is an interesting platform for lattice design, providing a ground to experimentally construct tight-binding models on an insulating substrate. Based on the density functional theory, we have characterized the energetic and electronic properties of 2D metal lattices embedded in the silica adlayer. We show that the characteristic band structures of those lattices are ruled by surface states induced by the metal-s orbitals coupled by the host-pxy states, giving rise to spxy Dirac bands neatly lying within the energy gap of the semiconductor substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Crasto de Lima
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, C.P. 593, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Miwa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, C.P. 593, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
There are more than 200 two-dimensional (2D) networks with different topologies. The structural topology of a 2D network defines its electronic structure. Including the electronic topological properties, it gives rise to Dirac cones, topological flat bands and topological insulators. In this Tutorial Review, we show how electronic properties of 2D networks can be calculated by means of a tight-binding approach, and how these properties change when 2nd-neighbour interactions and spin-orbit coupling are included. We explain how to determine whether or not the resulting electronic features have topological signatures by calculation of Chern numbers, Z2 invariants, and by the nanoribbon approach. This tutorial gives suggestions how such topological properties could be realized in explicit atomistic chemical 2D systems made of molecular frameworks, in particular in 2D polymers, where the edges and vertices of a given 2D net are substituted by properly selected molecular building blocks and stitched together in such a way that long-range π-conjugation is retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Springer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tsai-Jung Liu
- Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Heine
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. and Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|