1
|
Svärd M, Ma C, Forsberg K, Schiavi PG. Addressing the Reuse of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Li-Ion Battery Recycling: Insights into Dissolution Mechanism, Metal Recovery, Regeneration and Decomposition. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400410. [PMID: 38727554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered attention in Li-ion battery (LIB) recycling due to their declared eco-friendly attributes and adjustable metal dissolution selectivity, offering a promising avenue for recycling processes. However, DESs currently lack competitiveness compared to mineral acids, commonly used in industrial-scale LIB recycling. Current research primarily focuses on optimizing DES formulation and experimental conditions to maximize metal dissolution yields in standalone leaching experiments. While achieving yields comparable to traditional leaching systems is important, extensive DES reuse is vital for overall recycling feasibility. To achieve this, evaluating the metal dissolution mechanism can assist in estimating DES consumption rates and assessing process makeup stream costs. The selection of appropriate metal recovery and DES regeneration strategies is essential to enable subsequent reuse over multiple cycles. Finally, decomposition of DES components should be avoided throughout the designed recycling process, as by-products can impact leaching efficiency and compromise the safety and environmental friendliness of DES. In this review, these aspects are emphasized with the aim of directing research efforts away from simply pursuing the maximization of metal dissolution efficiency, towards a broader view focusing on the application of DES beyond the laboratory scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Svärd
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Ma
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Forsberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pier Giorgio Schiavi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro n.5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayres LB, Gomez FJV, Silva MF, Linton JR, Garcia CD. Predicting the formation of NADES using a transformer-based model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2715. [PMID: 38388549 PMCID: PMC10883925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries represents one of the fastest growing fields of green chemistry, as these mixtures can potentially replace traditional organic solvents. These advances are, however, limited by the development of new NADES which is today, almost exclusively empirically driven and often derivative from known mixtures. To overcome this limitation, we propose the use of a transformer-based machine learning approach. Here, the transformer-based neural network model was first pre-trained to recognize chemical patterns from SMILES representations (unlabeled general chemical data) and then fine-tuned to recognize the patterns in strings that lead to the formation of either stable NADES or simple mixtures of compounds not leading to the formation of stable NADES (binary classification). Because this strategy was adapted from language learning, it allows the use of relatively small datasets and relatively low computational resources. The resulting algorithm is capable of predicting the formation of multiple new stable eutectic mixtures (n = 337) from a general database of natural compounds. More importantly, the system is also able to predict the components and molar ratios needed to render NADES with new molecules (not present in the training database), an aspect that was validated using previously reported NADES as well as by developing multiple novel solvents containing ibuprofen. We believe this strategy has the potential to transform the screening process for NADES as well as the pharmaceutical industry, streamlining the use of bioactive compounds as functional components of liquid formulations, rather than simple solutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Federico J V Gomez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Maria Fernanda Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jeb R Linton
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- IBM Cloud, Armonk, NY, 10504, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mishra S, Hunter TN, Pant KK, Harbottle D. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301418. [PMID: 38189582 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Waste PCBs the core of e-waste is rich in copper, tin, zinc, iron, and nickel. Leaching base metals from PCB used to be done in toxic, corrosive acidic/alkali mediums. In this work, an environmentally friendly method for leaching metals from thermally treated PCBs (TPCBs) of mobile phones was proposed using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DES). DES selectivity and solubility of metals from metal oxides were the main screening criteria. FA-ChCl had the maximum solubility of Cu, Fe, and Ni, while Urea-ChCl had high Zn selectivity and solubility. Oxalic acid has high selectivity for Sn. FA-ChCl extracted Cu and Fe best at 16 h, 100 °C, and 1/30 g/mL. Urea-ChCl extracted Zn (90.4±2.9 %) from TPCBs at 100 °C, 21 h, 1/20 g/mL, and 400 rpm. Oxalic acid (1 M) removed 92.3±2.1 % Sn from TPCBs in 1 h at 80 °C and 1/20 g/mL. The shrinking core model-based kinetic investigation of FA-ChCl for Cu extraction showed a diffusion-controlled process. The proposed method is greener than mineral acids utilized for metal extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Mishra
- Green and Sustainable Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khaz, Delhi, 110016, India
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - T N Hunter
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - K K Pant
- Green and Sustainable Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khaz, Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - David Harbottle
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wysokowski M, Luu RK, Arevalo S, Khare E, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M, Jesionowski T, Buehler MJ. Untapped Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Synthesis of Bioinspired Inorganic-Organic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7878-7903. [PMID: 37840775 PMCID: PMC10568971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in 2003, significant progress has been made in the field, specifically advancing aspects of their preparation and physicochemical characterization. Their low-cost and unique tailored properties are reasons for their growing importance as a sustainable medium for the resource-efficient processing and synthesis of advanced materials. In this paper, the significance of these designer solvents and their beneficial features, in particular with respect to biomimetic materials chemistry, is discussed. Finally, this article explores the unrealized potential and advantageous aspects of DESs, focusing on the development of biomineralization-inspired hybrid materials. It is anticipated that this article can stimulate new concepts and advances providing a reference for breaking down the multidisciplinary borders in the field of bioinspired materials chemistry, especially at the nexus of computation and experiment, and to develop a rigorous materials-by-design paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel K. Luu
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sofia Arevalo
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eesha Khare
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Computational Science and Engineering, Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
N.Kobrak M, Nykypanchuk D, H C. Janssen C. Protic Amine/Acid Mixtures as Solvents for the Extraction of Aqueous Zinc Salts: A Mechanistic Study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
6
|
Zeller SJ, Geng T, Ceblin MU, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Jacob T. An Interfacial Study of Au(111) Electrodes in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven J. Zeller
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar K, Keshri S, Bharti A, Kumar S, Mogurampelly S. Solubility of Gases in Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishant Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Sonanki Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Bangalore 560095, India
| | - Anand Bharti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002, India
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cea-Klapp E, Garrido JM, Quinteros-Lama H. Insights into the orientation and hydrogen bond influence on thermophysical and transport properties in choline-based deep eutectic solvents and methanol. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Li Z, Dewulf B, Binnemans K. Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction for Enhanced Metal Separations: Concept, Systems, and Mechanisms. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17285-17302. [PMID: 34898845 PMCID: PMC8662634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable separation of metals is gaining increasing attention, because of the essential roles of many metals in sustainable technologies for a climate-neutral society, such as rare earths in permanent magnets and cobalt, nickel, and manganese in the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The separation and purification of metals by conventional solvent extraction (SX) systems, which consist of an organic phase and an aqueous phase, has limitations. By replacing the aqueous phase with other polar solvents, either polar molecular organic solvents or ionic solvents, nonaqueous solvent extraction (NASX) largely expands the scope of SX, since differences in solvation of metal ions lead to different distribution behaviors. This Review emphasizes enhanced metal extraction and remarkable metal separations observed in NASX systems and discusses the effects of polar solvents on the extraction mechanisms according to the type of polar solvents and the type of extractants. Furthermore, the considerable effects of the addition of water and complexing agents on metal separations in terms of metal ion solvation and speciation are highlighted. Efforts to integrate NASX into metallurgical flowsheets and to develop closed-loop solvometallurgical processes are also discussed. This Review aims to construct a framework of NASX on which many more studies on this topic, both fundamental and applied, can be built.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar K, Bharti A, Kumar R. Molecular insight into the structure and dynamics of LiTf2N/deep eutectic solvent: an electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1983178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishant Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - Anand Bharti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Rudra Kumar
- EIC Sustainable and Civil Technologies, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alguacil FJ. Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Indium(III) from the HCl Medium by Ionic Liquid A327H +Cl - and Its Use in a Supported Liquid Membrane System. Molecules 2020; 25:E5238. [PMID: 33182748 PMCID: PMC7698273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid A327H+Cl- was generated by reaction of tertiary amine A327 and HCl, and the liquid-liquid extraction of indium(III) from the HCl medium by this ionic liquid dissolved in Solvesso 100 was investigated. The extraction reaction is exothermic. The numerical analysis of indium distribution data suggests the formation of A327H+InCl4- in the organic phase. The results derived from indium(III) extraction have been implemented in a supported liquid membrane system. The influence of the stirring speed (600-1200 min-1), carrier concentration (2.5-20% v/v) in the membrane phase, and indium concentration (0.01-0.2 g/L) in the feed phase on metal transport have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Alguacil
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CSIC), Avda, Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|