1
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Bueno PR. On the fundamentals of quantum rate theory and the long-range electron transport in respiratory chains. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5348-5365. [PMID: 38651285 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
It has been shown that both the electron-transfer rate constant of an electrochemical reaction and the conductance quantum are correlated with the concept of quantum capacitance. This simple association between the two separate concepts has an entirely quantum rate basis that encompasses the electron-transfer rate theory as originally proposed by Rudolph A. Marcus whether statistical mechanics is appropriately taken into account. I have prepared a concise review of the quantum mechanical rate theory principles focused on its quantum electrodynamics character to demonstrate that it can reconcile the conflicting views established on attempting to use the super-exchange (supported on electron transfer) or 'metallic-like' (supported on conductance quantum) mechanisms separately to explain the highly efficient long-range electron transport observed in the respiratory processes of living cells. The unresolved issues related to long-range electron transport are clarified in light of the quantum rate theory with a discussion focused on Geobacter sulfurreducens films as a reference standard of the respiration chain. Theoretical analyses supported by experimental data suggest that the efficiency of respiration within a long-range electron transport path is intrinsically a quantum mechanical event that follows relativistic quantum electrodynamics principles as addressed by quantum rate theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Echeverri D, Calucho E, Marrugo-Ramírez J, Álvarez-Diduk R, Orozco J, Merkoçi A. Capacitive immunosensing at gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide electrodes fabricated by one-step laser nanostructuration. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 252:116142. [PMID: 38401281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured electrochemical biosensors have ushered in a new era of diagnostic precision, offering enhanced sensitivity and specificity for clinical biomarker detection. Among them, capacitive biosensing enables ultrasensitive label-free detection of multiple molecular targets. However, the complexity and cost associated with conventional fabrication methods of nanostructured platforms hinder the widespread adoption of these devices. This study introduces a capacitive biosensor that leverages laser-engraved reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The fabrication involves laser-scribed GO-Au3+ films, yielding rGO-AuNP electrodes, seamlessly transferred onto a PET substrate via a press-stamping methodology. These electrodes have a remarkable affinity for biomolecular recognition after being functionalized with specific bioreceptors. For example, initial studies with human IgG antibodies confirm the detection capabilities of the biosensor using electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the biosensor can quantify CA-19-9 glycoprotein, a clinical cancer biomarker. The biosensor exhibits a dynamic range from 0 to 300 U mL-1, with a limit of detection of 8.9 U mL-1. Rigorous testing with known concentrations of a pretreated CA-19-9 antigen from human fluids confirmed their accuracy and reliability in detecting the glycoprotein. This study signifies notable progress in capacitive biosensing for clinical biomarkers, potentially leading to more accessible and cost-effective point-of-care solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Echeverri
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Enric Calucho
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Marrugo-Ramírez
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruslán Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Melrose J. Keratan sulfate, an electrosensory neurosentient bioresponsive cell instructive glycosaminoglycan. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae014. [PMID: 38376199 PMCID: PMC10987296 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The roles of keratan sulfate (KS) as a proton detection glycosaminoglycan in neurosensory processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems is reviewed. The functional properties of the KS-proteoglycans aggrecan, phosphacan, podocalyxcin as components of perineuronal nets in neurosensory processes in neuronal plasticity, cognitive learning and memory are also discussed. KS-glycoconjugate neurosensory gels used in electrolocation in elasmobranch fish species and KS substituted mucin like conjugates in some tissue contexts in mammals need to be considered in sensory signalling. Parallels are drawn between KS's roles in elasmobranch fish neurosensory processes and its roles in mammalian electro mechanical transduction of acoustic liquid displacement signals in the cochlea by the tectorial membrane and stereocilia of sensory inner and outer hair cells into neural signals for sound interpretation. The sophisticated structural and functional proteins which maintain the unique high precision physical properties of stereocilia in the detection, transmittance and interpretation of acoustic signals in the hearing process are important. The maintenance of the material properties of stereocilia are essential in sound transmission processes. Specific, emerging roles for low sulfation KS in sensory bioregulation are contrasted with the properties of high charge density KS isoforms. Some speculations are made on how the molecular and electrical properties of KS may be of potential application in futuristic nanoelectronic, memristor technology in advanced ultrafast computing devices with low energy requirements in nanomachines, nanobots or molecular switches which could be potentially useful in artificial synapse development. Application of KS in such innovative areas in bioregulation are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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4
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Raimi MA, Rajee AO, Gber TE, Arikpo TO, Pembere AMS, Louis H. Cobalt group transition metals (TM: Co, Rh, Ir) coordination of S-doped porphyrins (TM_S@PPR) as sensors for molecular SO 2 gas adsorption: a DFT and QTAIM study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:85. [PMID: 38411800 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The intricate challenges posed by SO2 gas underscore the imperative for meticulous monitoring and detection due to its adverse effects on health, the environment, and equipment integrity. Hence, this research endeavors to delve deeply into the intricate realm of transition-metals functionalized sulfur-doped porphyrins (S@PPR) surfaces through a comprehensive computational study. The electronic properties revealed that upon adsorption, Ir_S@PPR surface reflects the least energy gap of 0.109 eV at the O-site of adsorptions, indicating an increase in electrical conductivity which is a better adsorption trait. Owing to the negative adsorption energy observed, the adsorption behavior is described as chemisorption, with the greatest adsorption energy of - 10.306 eV for Ir_S@PPR surface at the S-site of adsorption. Based on the mechanistic attributes, iridium-functionalized S@PPR surface is a promising detecting material towards the sensing of SO2 gas. This report will provide useful insight for experimental researchers in selecting and engineering materials to be used as detectors for SO2 gas pollutant. METHOD All theoretical investigations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT), calculated at PW6B95-D3/GenECP/Def2svp/LanL2DZ computational method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsurat Alarape Raimi
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Terkumbur E Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Temple Okah Arikpo
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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6
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Yan H, Harmer R, Zafar B, Galoppini E, Gundlach L. Interfacial electron transfer of perylenes: Influence of the anchor binding mode. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034706. [PMID: 38235795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interfacial electron transfer (IET) through saturated single-linker and dual-linker groups from a perylene chromophore into nanostructured TiO2 films was studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Perylene chromophores with one and two propanoic acid linker groups in the peri and ortho positions were investigated. In comparison to previously studied perylenes bound via unsaturated acrylic acid linkers, the chromophores with saturated linkers showed bi-exponential IET dynamics. Two distinct transfer times were observed that indicate the presence of two concurrent binding modes. A comparison between ortho- and peri-substituted sensitizers resulted in slower IET dynamics and weaker electronic coupling for ortho substitution. Finally, IET from sensitizers with saturated linker groups is neither promoted nor hindered by a second linker group. This indicates that only one of the two linkers binds covalently to the surface. This study reveals the importance of the anchor-binding mode and design considerations of the linker for regulating IET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Harmer
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Binish Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Lars Gundlach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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7
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Theiler PM, Ritz C, Hofmann R, Stemmer A. Detection of a Chirality-Induced Spin Selective Quantum Capacitance in α-Helical Peptides. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8280-8287. [PMID: 37650519 PMCID: PMC10510583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Kelvin probe force microscopy simultaneously detects the quantum capacitance and surface potential of an α-helical peptide monolayer. These indicators shift when either the magnetic polarization or the enantiomer is toggled. A model based on a triangular quantum well in thermal and chemical equilibrium and electron-electron interactions allows for calculating the electrical potential profile from the measured data. The combination of the model and the measurements shows that no global charge transport is required to produce effects attributed to the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect. These experimental findings support the theoretical model of Fransson et al. Nano Letters 2021, 21 (7), 3026-3032. Measurements of the quantum capacitance represent a new way to test and refine theoretical models used to explain strong spin polarization due to chirality-induced spin selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Markus Theiler
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ritz
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Stemmer
- Nanotechnology
Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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8
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Brandão STR, Dos Santos A, Bueno PR, Cilli EM. Designing Quantum Capacitive Peptide Interfaces for Electroanalytical Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13470-13477. [PMID: 37647515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active moieties assembled on metallic interfaces have been shown to follow quantum mechanical rules, where the quantum capacitance of the interface (directly associated with the electronic structure of the redox-active moieties) plays a key role in the electron transfer dynamics of the interface. Modifying these interfaces with biological receptors has significant advantages (simplifying molecular diagnostics methods, reducing size, time, and cost while maintaining high sensitivity), enabling the fabrication of miniaturized electroanalytical devices that can compete with traditional ELISA and RT-PCR benchtop assay methods. Owing to their intrinsic characteristics, the use of peptide-based redox-active moieties is a promising chemical route for modifying metallic surfaces, resulting in a high quantum capacitive signal sensitivity. In the present work, different ferrocene-tagged peptides with a structure of Fc-Glu-XX-XX-Cys-NH2 (XX = serine, phenylalanine, glycine) were used to form self-assembled monolayers on gold. The feasibility of using these interfaces in an electroanalytical assay was verified by detecting the NS1 DENV (Dengue Virus) biomarker to compare the efficiency of peptide structures for biosensing purposes. Parameters such as the formal potential of the interface, normalized electronic density of states (DOS), quantum capacitance, and electron transfer rate constants were obtained for Ser-, Phe-, and Gly-peptides. The Gly-peptide structure presented the highest analytical performance for sensing NS1 with a sensitivity of 5.6% per decade and the lowest LOD (1.4 ng mL-1) and LOQ (2.6 ng mL-1), followed by Phe-peptide, whereas Ser-peptide had the lowest performance. This work demonstrates that the use of peptides to fabricate a self-assembled monolayer as a biosensor component has advantages for low-cost point-of-care diagnostics. It also shows that the performance of the sensing interface depends strongly on how the chemistry of the surface is designed as a whole, not only on the redox-active group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T R Brandão
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Lee DH, Lee WY, Kim J. Introducing Nanoscale Electrochemistry in Small-Molecule Detection for Tackling Existing Limitations of Affinity-Based Label-Free Biosensing Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17767-17778. [PMID: 37527497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing techniques for small molecules have progressed in many applications, including disease diagnosis and prevention as well as monitoring of health conditions. However, affinity-based detection for low-abundance small molecules is still challenging due to the imbalance in target-to-receptor size ratio as well as the lack of a highly sensitive signal transducing method. Herein, we introduced nanoscale electrochemistry in affinity-based small molecule detection by measuring the change of quantum electrochemical properties with a nanoscale artificial receptor upon binding. We prepared a nanoscale molecularly imprinted composite polymer (MICP) for cortisol by electrochemically copolymerizing β-cyclodextrin and redox-active methylene blue to offer a high target-to-receptor size ratio, thus realizing "bind-and-read" detection of cortisol as a representative target small molecule, along with extremely high sensitivity. Using the quantum conductance measurement, the present MICP-based sensor can detect cortisol from 1.00 × 10-12 to 1.00 × 10-6 M with a detection limit of 3.93 × 10-13 M (S/N = 3), which is much lower than those obtained with other electrochemical methods. Moreover, the present MICP-based cortisol sensor exhibited reversible cortisol sensing capability through a simple electrochemical regeneration process without cumbersome steps of washing and solution change, which enables "continuous detection". In situ detection of cortisol in human saliva following circadian rhythm was carried out with the present MICP-based cortisol sensor, and the results were validated with the LC-MS/MS method. Consequently, this present cortisol sensor based on nanoscale MICP and quantum electrochemistry overcomes the limitations of affinity-based biosensors, opening up new possibilities for sensor applications in point-of-care and wearable healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kang S, Sharafeldin M, Patrick SC, Chen X, Davis JJ. Ultrafast Biomarker Quantification through Reagentless Capacitive Kinetics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4721-4727. [PMID: 36856747 PMCID: PMC10018454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a facile assessment of binding kinetics at bioreceptive redox-active interfaces as a means of quantifying target proteins. This is achieved by monitoring the redox capacitance (Cr) of a receptor-modified conductive polymer interface under continuous flow. Exemplified with the quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP), capacitance analyses resolve both the association and dissociation regimes in real-time. Significantly, the rate of electrochemical signal change within the association regime is a sensitive function of target concentration, enabling marker assaying down to picomolar levels, comparable to end-point assays, in 15 s. This reagentless proof-of-principle methodology is envisioned to be widely applicable to the facile quantification of a range of other pertinent, clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanxiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Tu B, Cui B, Guo J, Zhao X, Wang J, Yan Y. An artificial synapse based on molecular junctions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:247. [PMID: 36646674 PMCID: PMC9842743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrinking the size of the electronic synapse to molecular length-scale, for example, an artificial synapse directly fabricated by using individual or monolayer molecules, is important for maximizing the integration density, reducing the energy consumption, and enabling functionalities not easily achieved by other synaptic materials. Here, we show that the conductance of the self-assembled peptide molecule monolayer could be dynamically modulated by placing electrical biases, enabling us to implement basic synaptic functions. Both short-term plasticity (e.g., paired-pulse facilitation) and long-term plasticity (e.g., spike-timing-dependent plasticity) are demonstrated in a single molecular synapse. The dynamic current response is due to a combination of both chemical gating and coordination effects between Ag+ and hosting groups within peptides which adjusts the electron hopping rate through the molecular junction. In the end, based on the nonlinearity and short-term synaptic characteristics, the molecular synapses are utilized as reservoirs for waveform recognition with 100% accuracy at a small mask length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Lucas Garrote B, Lopes LC, Pinzón EF, Mendonça-Natividade FC, Martins RB, Santos A, Arruda E, Bueno PR. Reagentless Quantum-Rate-Based Electrochemical Signal of Graphene for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Nasal Swab Specimens. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2645-2653. [PMID: 36049154 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantum-rate model predicts a rate k as a frequency for transporting electrons within molecular structures, which is governed by the ratio between the quantum of conductance G and capacitance Cq, such that k = G/Cq. This frequency, as measured in a single-layer graphene appropriately modified with suitable biological receptors, can be applied as a transducer signal that ranges sensitivities within the attomole for biosensing applications. Here, we applied this label-free and reagentless biosensing transducer signal methodology for the qualitative diagnosis of COVID-19 infections, where this assay methodology was shown to be similar to the gold-standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. The quantum-rate strategy for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was performed by combining the response of the interface for detecting the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus as accessed from nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal patient samples with 80% of sensitivity and 77% of specificity. As a label-free and reagentless biosensing platform, the methodology is decidedly useful for point-of-care and internet-of-things biological assaying technologies, not only because of its real-time ability to measure infections but also because of the capability for miniaturization inherent in reagentless electrochemical methods. This approach effectively permits the rapid development of biological assays for surveillance and control of endemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lucas Garrote
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Laís C Lopes
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Edgar F Pinzón
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Mendonça-Natividade
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Santos
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
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Sánchez YP, Santos A, Roberto Bueno P. Quantum rate efficiency of the charge transfer mediated by quantum capacitive states. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Pizón EF, Alarcon EG, Sanchez YP, Bueno PR. Quantum Rate Dynamics and Charge Screening at the Nanoscale Level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16200-16206. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00199c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that quantum-rate electrodynamics originate from charged quantum states within redox moieties coupled to electrodes. In this study, we demonstrate that this phenomenon is not restricted to...
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Gupta R, Jash P, Sachan P, Bayat A, Singh V, Mondal PC. Electrochemical Potential‐Driven High‐Throughput Molecular Electronic and Spintronic Devices: From Molecules to Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Priyajit Jash
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Pradeep Sachan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Akhtar Bayat
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298 Université de Bordeaux 33400 Talence France
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry and National Science Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
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Alarcón EVG, Santos A, Bueno PR. Perspective on quantum electrochemistry. A simple method for measuring the electron transfer rate constant. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Lopes LC, Bueno PR. Sensing the quantized reactivity of graphene. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1177:338735. [PMID: 34482901 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that the variations measured in the quantum capacitance of single-layer graphene, envisioned here as a conceptual molecular model, depend on the chemical reactivity of the molecule and can be used as an analytical and sensing tool for environmental conditions. The variations are quantized as a function of the environmental changes and can be correlated with chemical reactivity indexes such as chemical hardness and softness. This not only constitutes a proof-of-principle that the chemical reactivity of graphene, as a single molecule, can be determined in situ by measuring the quantum capacitance, but also that these measurements can be used as an analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís C Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Akhtar A, Rashid U, Seth C, Kumar S, Broekmann P, Kaliginedi V. Modulating the charge transport in metal│molecule│metal junctions via electrochemical gating. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Gupta R, Jash P, Sachan P, Bayat A, Singh V, Mondal PC. Electrochemical Potential-Driven High-Throughput Molecular Electronic and Spintronic Devices: From Molecules to Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26904-26921. [PMID: 34313372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecules are fascinating candidates for constructing tunable and electrically conducting devices by the assembly of either a single molecule or an ensemble of molecules between two electrical contacts followed by current-voltage (I-V) analysis, which is often termed "molecular electronics". Recently, there has been also an upsurge of interest in spin-based electronics or spintronics across the molecules, which offer additional scope to create ultrafast responsive devices with less power consumption and lower heat generation using the intrinsic spin property rather than electronic charge. Researchers have been exploring this idea of utilizing organic molecules, organometallics, coordination complexes, polymers, and biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, oligopeptides, DNA) in integrating molecular electronics and spintronics devices. Although several methods exist to prepare molecular thin-films on suitable electrodes, the electrochemical potential-driven technique has emerged as highly efficient. In this Review we describe recent advances in the electrochemical potential driven growth of nanometric various molecular films on technologically relevant substrates, including non-magnetic and magnetic electrodes to investigate the stimuli-responsive charge and spin transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Priyajit Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Pradeep Sachan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Akhtar Bayat
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry and National Science Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
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20
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Dutta G, Fernandes FC, Estrela P, Moschou D, Bueno PR. Impact of surface roughness on the self-assembling of molecular films onto gold electrodes for label-free biosensing applications. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Ramos-Berdullas N, Gil-Guerrero S, Peña-Gallego Á, Mandado M. The effect of spin polarization on the electron transport of molecular wires with diradical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4777-4783. [PMID: 33599227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most promising materials for application in molecular electronics and spintronics are based on diradical chains. Herein, the proposed relation between increasing conductance with length and diradical character is revisited using ab initio methods that account for the static electron correlation effects. Electron transmission was previously obtained from restricted single determinant wavefuntions or tight-binding approximations, which are unable to account for static correlation. Broken Symmetry Unrestricted Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (BS-UKS-DFT) in combination with electron transport analysis based on electron deformation orbitals (EDOs) reflects an exponential decay of the electrical conductance with length. Also, other important effects such as quantum interference are correctly accounted for, leading to a decrease of the conductance as the diradical character increases. As a proof-of-concept, the electrical conductance obtained from BS-UKS-DFT and CASSCF(2,2) wavefunctions were compared in diradical graphene strips in the frame of the pseudo-π approach, obtaining very similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramos-Berdullas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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Baradoke A, Santos A, Bueno PR, Davis JJ. Introducing polymer conductance in diagnostically relevant transduction. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112705. [PMID: 33166803 PMCID: PMC7581358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that an impedance derived capacitance method is able to cleanly resolve the resonant conductance characteristics of an electrode-confined polymer film. In decorating the film with receptors, this conductance is thereafter modulated by the capturing of specific targets, demonstrated herein with C-reactive protein. This entirely reagentless and single step marker quantification is relevant to the drive of moving assays to a scaleable format requiring minimal user intervention. Relaxation conductance was used to create a new transducer signal concept. This relaxation conductance transducer signal concept was proved to be valid. Conductive redox polymer was used as sensitive function for the new signal concept. C-reactive protein was successfully detected in suitable low concentrations. This transducer principle is equally applicable to any other target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Baradoke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
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Spivak M, de Graaf C, Arcisauskaite V, López X. Gating the conductance of extended metal atom chains: a computational analysis of Ru 3(dpa) 4(NCS) 2 and [Ru 3(npa) 4(NCS) 2]. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14836-14844. [PMID: 34212973 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a gate potential on the conductance of two members of the EMAC family, Ru3(dpa)4(NCS)2 and its asymmetric analogue, [Ru3(npa)4(NCS)2]+, are explored with a density functional approach combined with non-equilibrium Green's functions. From a computational perspective, the inclusion of an electrochemical gate potential represents a significant challenge because the periodic treatment of the electrode surface resists the formation of charged species. However, it is possible to mimic the effects of the electrochemical gate by including a very electropositive or electronegative atom in the unit cell that will effectively reduce or oxidize the molecule under study. In this contribution we compare this approach to the more conventional application of a solid-state gate potential, and show that both generate broadly comparable results. For two extended metal atom chain (EMAC) compounds, Ru3(dpa)4(NCS)2 and [Ru3(npa)4(NCS)2], we show that the presence of a gate potential shifts the molecular energy levels in a predictable way relative to the Fermi level, with distinct peaks in the conductance trace emerging as these levels enter the bias window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Spivak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK and Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vaida Arcisauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Xavier López
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Abstract
The electron transfer rate constant of an electrochemical reaction and the conductance quantum are fundamental concepts that drive processes ranging from nanoscale electronic circuits to photosynthesis. In this paper, it is demonstrated that they are correlated with the concept of electrochemical capacitance. The relationship between electron transfer rate, quantum transport and electrochemical capacitance encompasses the theory of electron transfer rate proposed by Rudolph A. Marcus, and potentially unites electronics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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