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Ouyang Q, Tobler DJ, Deng J, Huang L, Jakobsen R, Hansen HCB. Fast degradation of vinyl chloride by green rust and nitrogen-doped graphene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172825. [PMID: 38692311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Carbonaceous materials catalyze reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes (CEs) by iron(II) materials providing a new approach for the remediation of CE polluted groundwater. While most CEs are reduced via β-elimination, vinyl chloride (VC), the most toxic and recalcitrant CE, degrades by hydrogenolysis. The significance of carbon catalysts for reduction of VC is well documented for iron(0) systems, but hardly investigated with iron(II) materials as reductants. In this study, a layered iron(II)‑iron(III) hydroxide sulfate (green rust) was used as reductant for VC, with an N-doped graphene (NG), prepared by co-pyrolysis of graphene and urea, as catalyst. VC (80 μM) was completely reduced to ethylene within 336 h in the presence of 5 g Fe/L GR and 5 g/L NG pyrolyzed at 950 °C, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.017 h-1. Dosing experiments demonstrated that dechlorination of VC takes place on the NG phase. Monitoring of hydrogen formation, cyclic voltammetry, and quenching experiments demonstrated that atomic hydrogen contributes significantly to the dehalogenation reaction, where NG is critical for formation of atomic hydrogen. CE competition experiments demonstrated the presence of specific VC reduction sites with hydrogenolysis being unaffected by concurrent β-elimination reactions. The system exhibited excellent performance in natural groundwaters and in comparison with iron(0) systems. This study demonstrates that GR + NG is a promising system for remediation of VC contaminated groundwater, and the mechanistic part of the study can be used as a reference for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ouyang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jia Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lizhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rasmus Jakobsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Hans Chr B Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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2
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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes at the Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron Surface: A Mechanistic DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4180-4191. [PMID: 38505149 PMCID: PMC10945477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano- and microscale zero-valent iron (S-(n)ZVI) has shown enhanced selectivity and reactive lifetime in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) compared to pristine (n)ZVI. However, varying effects of sulfidation on the dechlorination rates of structurally similar CEs have been reported, with the underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the β-dichloroelimination reactions of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE) at the S and Fe sites of several S-(n)ZVI surface models by using density functional theory. Dechlorination reactions were both kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable at Fe sites compared to S sites, indicating that maintaining the accessibility of reactive Fe sites is crucial for achieving high S-(n)ZVI reactivity with contaminants. At Fe sites adjacent to S atoms, the reactivity for CE dechlorination followed the order trans-DCE ≈ TCE > cis-DCE > PCE. PCE degradation was hindered at these sites due to the steric effects of S atoms. At the S sites, the energy barriers correlated with the CEs' energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the order PCE < TCE < DCE isomers. Our findings reveal that the experimentally observed selectivity of S-(n)ZVI materials for individual CEs can be explained by an interplay of the varying reactivities of Fe and S sites in CE dechlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Ouyang Q, Hansen HCB, Thygesen LG, Tobler DJ. Nitrogen amended graphene catalyses fast reduction of vinyl chloride by nano zerovalent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120535. [PMID: 37660466 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a dominant carcinogenic residual in many aged chlorinated solvent plumes, and it remains a huge challenge to clean it up. Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is an effective reductant for many chlorinated compounds but shows low VC removal efficiency at field scale. Amendment of ZVI with a carbonaceous material may be used to both preconcentrate VC and facilitate redox reactions. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) produced by a simple co-pyrolysis method using urea as nitrogen (N) source, was tested as a catalyst for VC reduction by nanoscale ZVI (nZVI). The extent of VC reduction to ethylene in the presence of 2 g/L of nZVI was less than 1% after 3 days, and barely improved with the addition of 4 g/L of graphene. In contrast, with amendment of nZVI with NG produced at pyrolysis temperature (PT) of 950 °C, the VC reduction extent increased more than 10-fold to 69%. The reactivity increased with NG PT increasing from 400 °C to an optimum at 950 °C, and it increased linearly with NG loadings. Interestingly, N dosage had little effect on reactivity if NG was produced at PT of 950 °C, while a positive correlation was observed for NG produced at PT of 600 °C. XPS and Raman analyses revealed that for NG produced at lower PT (<800 °C) mainly the content of pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) groups correlates with reactivity, while for NG produced at higher PT up to 950 °C, reactivity correlates mainly with N induced structural defects in graphene. The results of quenching and hydrogen yield experiments indicated that NG promote reduction of VC by storage of atomic hydrogen, thus increasing its availability for VC reduction, while likely also enabling electron transfer from nZVI to VC. Overall, these findings demonstrate effective chemical reduction of VC by a nZVI-NG composite, and they give insights into the effects of N doping on redox reactivity and hydrogen storage potential of carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ouyang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark.
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C DK-1871, Denmark
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4
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Puigserver D, Herrero J, Carmona JM. Mobilization pilot test of PCE sources in the transition zone to aquitards by combining mZVI and biostimulation with lactic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162751. [PMID: 36921871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxic and carcinogenic effects of chlorinated solvents in groundwater on human health and aquatic ecosystems require very effective remediation strategies of contaminated groundwater to achieve the low legal cleanup targets required. The transition zones between aquifers and bottom aquitards occur mainly in prograding alluvial fan geological contexts. Hence, they are very frequent from a hydrogeological point of view. The transition zone consists of numerous thin layers of fine to coarse-grained clastic fragments (e.g., medium sands and gravels), which alternate with fine-grained materials (clays and silts). When the transition zones are affected by DNAPL spills, free-phase pools accumulate on the less conductive layers. Owing to the low overall conductivity of this zone, the pools are very recalcitrant. Little field research has been done on transition zone remediation techniques. Injection of iron microparticles has the disadvantage of the limited accessibility of this reagent to reach the entire source of contamination. Biostimulation of indigenous microorganisms in the medium has the disadvantage that few of the microorganisms are capable of complete biodegradation to total mineralization of the parent contaminant and metabolites. A field pilot test was conducted at a site where a transition zone existed in which DNAPL pools of PCE had accumulated. In particular, the interface with the bottom aquitard was where PCE concentrations were the highest. In this pilot test, a combined strategy using ZVI in microparticles and biostimulation with lactate in the form of lactic acid was conducted. Throughout the test it was found that the interdependence of the coupled biotic and abiotic processes generated synergies between these processes. This resulted in a greater degradation of the PCE and its transformation products. With the combination of the two techniques, the mobilization of the contaminant source of PCE was extremely effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Puigserver
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Applied Geology. Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Water Research Institute (IdRA-UB), Serra Húnter Tenure-elegible Lecturer, C/ Martí i Franquès, s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jofre Herrero
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Water Research Institute (IdRA-UB), C/ Martí i Franquès, s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José M Carmona
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Water Research Institute (IdRA-UB), C/ Martí i Franquès, s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Wu S, Cai S, Qin F, He F, Liu T, Yan X, Wang Z. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes by ball milled and mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130730. [PMID: 36630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling is an effective technique to not only activate and reduce the size of commercial microscale zero valent iron (mZVI) but also to mechanochemically sulfidate mZVI. Yet, little is known about the difference between how chlorinated ethenes (CEs) interact with ball milled mZVI (mZVIbm) and mechanochemically sulfidated mZVI (S-mZVIbm). We show that simple ball milling exposed the active Fe0 sites, while mechanochemical sulfidation diminished Fe0 sites and meanwhile increased S2- sites. Mechanochemical sulfidation with [S/Fe]dosed increased from 0 to 0.20 promoted the particle reactivity most for TCE dechlorination (∼14-fold), followed by PCE and 1,1-DCE while it diminished the reactivity for trans-DCE (∼0.4-fold), cis-DCE (∼0.02-fold) and VC (∼0.002-fold) compared to simple ball milling. Sulfidation also improved the electron efficiency of CE dechlorination, except for cis-DCE and VC. The kSA of cis-DCE, VC and trans-DCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface Fe0 content, suggesting their dechlorination was mainly mediated by Fe0 site or reactive atomic hydrogen. The kSA of TCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface S2- content and the dechlorination mainly occurred on S2- sites via direct electron transfer. Increased sulfidation favored direct electron transfer mechanism. The kSA of PCE and 1,1-DCE was not dependent on either parameter and their dechlorination was equally achieved through either mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengyang Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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6
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Mohana Rangan S, Rao S, Robles A, Mouti A, LaPat-Polasko L, Lowry GV, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Delgado AG. Decoupling Fe 0 Application and Bioaugmentation in Space and Time Enables Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene to Ethene: Evidence from Soil Columns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4167-4179. [PMID: 36866930 PMCID: PMC10018760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe0 is a powerful chemical reductant with applications for remediation of chlorinated solvents, including tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene. Its utilization efficiency at contaminated sites is limited because most of the electrons from Fe0 are channeled to the reduction of water to H2 rather than to the reduction of the contaminants. Coupling Fe0 with H2-utilizing organohalide-respiring bacteria (i.e., Dehalococcoides mccartyi) could enhance trichloroethene conversion to ethene while maximizing Fe0 utilization efficiency. Columns packed with aquifer materials have been used to assess the efficacy of a treatment combining in space and time Fe0 and aD. mccartyi-containing culture (bioaugmentation). To date, most column studies documented only partial conversion of the solvents to chlorinated byproducts, calling into question the feasibility of Fe0 to promote complete microbial reductive dechlorination. In this study, we decoupled the application of Fe0 in space and time from the addition of organic substrates andD. mccartyi-containing cultures. We used a column containing soil and Fe0 (at 15 g L-1 in porewater) and fed it with groundwater as a proxy for an upstream Fe0 injection zone dominated by abiotic reactions and biostimulated/bioaugmented soil columns (Bio-columns) as proxies for downstream microbiological zones. Results showed that Bio-columns receiving reduced groundwater from the Fe0-column supported microbial reductive dechlorination, yielding up to 98% trichloroethene conversion to ethene. The microbial community in the Bio-columns established with Fe0-reduced groundwater also sustained trichloroethene reduction to ethene (up to 100%) when challenged with aerobic groundwater. This study supports a conceptual model where decoupling the application of Fe0 and biostimulation/bioaugmentation in space and/or time could augment microbial trichloroethene reductive dechlorination, particularly under oxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Mohana Rangan
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shefali Rao
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Aide Robles
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Aatikah Mouti
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | - Gregory V. Lowry
- Center
for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Anca G. Delgado
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign
Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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7
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Gao F, Zhang M, Zhang W, Ahmad S, Wang L, Tang J. Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (CMC-S-nZVI) for enhanced reduction of nitrobenzene. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Brumovský M, Micić V, Oborná J, Filip J, Hofmann T, Tunega D. Iron nitride nanoparticles for rapid dechlorination of mixed chlorinated ethene contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129988. [PMID: 36155299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation and, more recently, nitriding have been recognized as promising modifications to enhance the selectivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles for trichloroethene (TCE). Herein, we investigated the performance of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles in the removal of a broader range of chlorinated ethenes (CEs), including tetrachloroethene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and their mixture with TCE, and compared it to the performance of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) prepared from the same precursor nZVI. Two distinct types of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles, containing γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe2-3N phases, exhibited substantially higher PCE and cis-DCE dechlorination rates compared to S-nZVI. A similar effect was observed with a CE mixture, which was completely dechlorinated by both types of FexN nanoparticles within 10 days, whereas S-nZVI was able to remove only about half of the amount, most of which being TCE. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the cleavage of the first C-Cl bond was the rate-limiting step for all CEs dechlorinated on the γ'-Fe4N(001) surface, with the reaction barriers of PCE and cis-DCE being 29.9, and 40.8 kJ mol-1, respectively. FexN nanoparticles proved to be highly effective in the remediation of PCE, cis-DCE, and mixed CE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Gong L, Zhang Z, Xia C, Zheng J, Gu Y, He F. A quantitative study of the effects of particle' properties and environmental conditions on the electron efficiency of Pd and sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent irons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158469. [PMID: 36058331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron efficiency (or electron selectivity, ɛe) is an important quantitative criterion for zero-valent iron treatment of organohalide contaminated groundwater. The aim of this quantitative study was the systematic exploration and comparison of the effects of the Pd/Fe and S/Fe molar ratios (i.e., [Pd/Fe] and [S/Fe]), trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations ([TCE]), pH solution, aging time, and water matrices on the ɛe of Pd-nZVI and S-nZVI. To this end, we used TCE as a probe contaminant. The ɛe of Pd-nZVI increased and then decreased with [Pd/Fe], while that of S-nZVI increased with [S/Fe], as more hydrophobic FeS2 was formed on S-nZVI at higher [S/Fe]. The εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI increased with increasing [TCE]. Specifically, the εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI at [TCE] of 200 ppm increased by 24.9 % and 79.3 %, respectively, compared with that at [TCE] of 10 ppm. As the H2 evolution reaction (HER) was more sensitive to surface passivation than TCE dechlorination, the εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI under alkaline conditions was higher than that under basic conditions, and increased by 11.7 % and 37.8 %, respectively, at pH 10 relative to that at pH 6. The εe also increased with the aging time of the S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI particles; the increase was by 27.2 % and 59.6 %, respectively, at aging time of 30 d compared with that of the fresh ones. The ɛe of both particles were higher in artificial groundwater (AGW) than in real groundwater (RGW). For all batch experiments, the εe of S-nZVI increased over the reaction time and tended to outperform that of Pd-nZVI, even though the εe of Pd-nZVI was higher than that of S-nZVI at the initial stage of TCE dechlorination, thereby justifying the longevity of S-nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zaizhi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyun Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yawei Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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10
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Hou J, Wang A, Miao L, Wu J, Xing B. The role of nitrate in simultaneous removal of nitrate and trichloroethylene by sulfidated zero-valent Iron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154304. [PMID: 35304142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) is commonly used to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). The reactivity of S-ZVI is related to not only the properties of S-ZVI but also the geochemical conditions in groundwater, such as coexisted NO3-. Therefore, the effect of NO3- on TCE degradation by S-ZVI and its mechanism were systematically studied. 95.17% of TCE was degraded to acetylene, dichloroethene, ethene, ethane and multi‑carbon products via β-elimination by fresh S-ZVI that contained 85.31% Fe0 and 14.69% FeS in the presence of NO3-, demonstrating that NO3- did not affect the degradation pathway of TCE. While high concentration of NO3- (> 10 mg/L) competed for electrons at the Fe/FeOx interface with degradation products, leading to a continuous rising of acetylene. Moreover, the rapid reduction of NO3- to NH4+ (89.79%) at the Fe0 interface contributed to the release of 5.08 mM Fe2+ from S-ZVI, which promoted the formation of Fe3O4 with excellent electron conduction properties on the surface of S-ZVI. Accordingly, NO3- improved the degradation and electron selectivity of TCE by 51.07% and 2.79 fold, respectively. This study demonstrated that S-ZVI could remediate the contamination of NO3- and TCE simultaneously and the presence of NO3- could effectively enhance the degradation of TCE in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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11
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Mangayayam MC, Perez JPH, Alonso-de-Linaje V, Dideriksen K, Benning LG, Tobler DJ. Sulfidation extent of nanoscale zerovalent iron controls selectivity and reactivity with mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128534. [PMID: 35259697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) exhibits low anoxic oxidation and high reactivity towards many chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). However, nothing is known about S-nZVI reactivity once exposed to complex CHC mixtures, a common feature of CHC plumes in the environment. Here, three S-nZVI materials with varying iron sulfide (mackinawite, FeSm) shell thickness and crystallinity were exposed to groundwater containing a complex mixture of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes. CHC removal trends yielded pseudo-first order rate constants (kobs) that decreased in the order: trichloroethene > trans-dicloroethene > 1,1-dichlorethene > trichloromethane > tetrachloroethene > cis-dichloroethene > 1,1,2-trichloroethane, for all S-nZVI materials. These kobs trends showed no correlation with CHC reduction potentials based on their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (ELUMO) but absolute values were affected by the FeSm shell thickness and crystallinity. In comparison, nZVI reacted with the same CHCs groundwater, yielded kobs that linearly correlated with CHC ELUMO values (R2 = 0.94) and that were lower than S-nZVI kobs. The CHC selectivity induced by sulfidation treatment is explained by FeSm surface sites having specific binding affinities towards some CHCs, while others require access to the metallic iron core. These new insights help advance S-nZVI synthesis strategies to fit specific CHC treatment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Mangayayam
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Paulo H Perez
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Alonso-de-Linaje
- AECOM Environment Madrid, Spain; GIR-QUESCAT, Departamento de Quimica Inorgánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Knud Dideriksen
- Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liane G Benning
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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12
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Mo Y, Xu J, Zhu L. Molecular Structure and Sulfur Content Affect Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes by Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5808-5819. [PMID: 35442653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) with desirable properties and reactivity has recently emerged as a promising groundwater remediation agent. However, little information is available on how the molecular structure of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) affects their dechlorination by SNZVI or whether the sulfur content of SNZVI can alter their dechlorination pathway and reactivity. Here, we show that the reactivity (up to 30-fold) and selectivity (up to 70-fold) improvements of SNZVI (compared to NZVI) toward CEs depended on the chlorine number, chlorine position, and sulfur content. Low CEs (i.e., vinyl chloride and cis-1,2-dichloroethene) and high CEs (perchloroethene) tended to be dechlorinated by SNZVI primarily via atomic H and direct electron transfer, respectively, while SNZVI could efficiently and selectively dechlorinate trichloroethene and trans-1,2-dichloroethene via both pathways. Increasing the sulfidation degree of SNZVI suppressed its ability to produce atomic H but promoted electron transfer and thus altered the relative contributions of atomic H and electron transfer to the CE dechlorination, resulting in different reactivities and selectivities. These were indicated by the correlations of CE dechlorination rates and improvements with CE molecular descriptors, H2 evolution rates, and electron transfer indicators of SNZVI. These mechanistic insights indicate the importance of determining the structure-specific properties and reactivity of both SNZVI materials and their target contaminants and can lead to a more rational design of SNZVI for in situ groundwater remediation of various CEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Mo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Yang S, Liu A, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang W. Advance of Sulfidated Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron: Synthesis, Properties and Environmental Application. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Garcia AN, Zhang Y, Ghoshal S, He F, O'Carroll DM. Recent Advances in Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron for Contaminant Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8464-8483. [PMID: 34170112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2021 marks 10 years since controlled abiotic synthesis of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) for use in site remediation and water treatment emerged as an area of active research. It was then expanded to sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) and together with S-nZVI, they are collectively referred to as S-(n)ZVI. Heightened interest in S-(n)ZVI stemmed from its significantly higher reactivity to chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The extremely promising research outcomes during the initial period (2011-2017) led to renewed interest in (n)ZVI-based technologies for water treatment, with an explosion in new research in the last four years (2018-2021) that is building an understanding of the novel and complex role of iron sulfides in enhancing reactivity of (n)ZVI. Numerous studies have focused on exploring different S-(n)ZVI synthesis approaches, and its colloidal, surface, and reactivity (electrochemistry, contaminant selectivity, and corrosion) properties. This review provides a critical overview of the recent milestones in S-(n)ZVI technology development: (i) clear insights into the role of iron sulfides in contaminant transformation and long-term aging, (ii) impact of sulfidation methods and particle characteristics on reactivity, (iii) broader range of treatable contaminants, (iv) synthesis for complete decontamination, (v) ecotoxicity, and (vi) field implementation. In addition, this review discusses major knowledge gaps and future avenues for research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, China 310014
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Islam S, Redwan A, Millerick K, Filip J, Fan L, Yan W. Effect of Copresence of Zerovalent Iron and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4851-4861. [PMID: 33787255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur amendment of zerovalent iron (ZVI) materials has been shown to improve the reactivity and selectivity of ZVI toward a select group of organohalide contaminants in groundwater, most notably trichloroethene (TCE). In previous studies, chemical or mechanochemical sulfidation methods were used; however, the potential of using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to enable sulfur amendment has not been closely examined. In this study, lab-synthesized nanoscale ZVI (nZVI) and Peerless iron particles (ZVIPLS) were treated in a sulfate-reducing monoculture (D. desulfuricans) and an enrichment culture derived from freshwater sediments (AMR-1) prior to reactivity assessments with TCE as the model contaminant. ZVI conditioned in both cultures exhibited higher dechlorination efficiencies compared to unamended ZVIs. Remarkably, nZVI and ZVIPLS exposed to AMR-1 attained similar TCE dechlorination rates as their counterparts receiving chemical sulfidation (i.e., S-nZVI) using previously reported method. Product distribution data show that, in the SRB-ZVI system, abiotic dechlorination is the dominant TCE reduction pathway. In addition to dissolved sulfide, biogenic or synthesized FeS particles can enhance nZVI reactivity even as nZVI and FeS were not in direct contact, implying that SRB may influence the reactivity of ZVI via multiple mechanisms in different remediation situations. A shift in Archaea abundance in AMR-1 with nZVI amendment was observed but not with ZVIPLS. Overall, the synergy exhibited in the SRB-ZVI system may offer a valuable remediation strategy to overcome limitations of standalone biological or abiotic dechlorination approaches for chlorinated solvent abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syful Islam
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Asef Redwan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kayleigh Millerick
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advance Technologies and Material, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lingfei Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Weile Yan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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Zhu X, Zhou L, Li Y, Han B, Feng Q. Rapid Degradation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Microscale Ag/Fe Bimetallic Particles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2124. [PMID: 33671627 PMCID: PMC7931072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cost-effective zero valent iron (ZVI)-based bimetallic particles are a novel and promising technology for contaminant removal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CCl4 removal from aqueous solution using microscale Ag/Fe bimetallic particles which were prepared by depositing Ag on millimeter-scale sponge ZVI particles. Kinetics of CCl4 degradation, the effect of Ag loading, the Ag/Fe dosage, initial solution pH, and humic acid on degradation efficiency were investigated. Ag deposited on ZVI promoted the CCl4 degradation efficiency and rate. The CCl4 degradation resulted from the indirect catalytic reduction of absorbed atomic hydrogen and the direct reduction on the ZVI surface. The CCl4 degradation by Ag/Fe particles was divided into slow reaction stage and accelerated reaction stage, and both stages were in accordance with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The degradation rate of CCl4 in the accelerated reaction stage was 2.29-5.57-fold faster than that in the slow reaction stage. The maximum degradation efficiency was obtained for 0.2 wt.% Ag loading. The degradation efficiency increased with increasing Ag/Fe dosage. The optimal pH for CCl4 degradation by Ag/Fe was about 6. The presence of humic acid had an adverse effect on CCl4 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (L.Z.); (Q.F.)
| | - Lai Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (L.Z.); (Q.F.)
| | - Yuncong Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA;
| | - Baoping Han
- School of Geography & Geomatics and Urban-Rural Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (L.Z.); (Q.F.)
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17
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He F, Gong L, Fan D, Tratnyek PG, Lowry GV. Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:528-542. [PMID: 32124893 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00592g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and selectivity of zerovalent iron-based treatments for organohalide contaminated groundwater can be quantified by accounting for redistribution of electrons derived from oxidation of Fe0. Several types of efficiency are reviewed, including (i) the efficiency of Fe(0) utilization, εFe(0), (ii) the electron efficiency of target contaminant reduction, εe, and (iii) the electron efficiency of natural reductant demand (NRD) involving H2O, O2, and co-contaminants such as nitrate, εNRD. Selectivity can then be calculated by using εe/εNRD. Of particular interest is εe and the key to its determination is measuring the total quantity of electrons provided by Fe0 oxidation, which can be based on either the loss of Fe(0), the formation of Fe(ii)/Fe(iii), or the composition of the total reaction products. Recently, many data have accumulated on εe for the treatment of various chlorinated solvents (esp. trichloroethylene, TCE) by zerovalent iron (ZVI), and analysis of these data shows that ZVI particle properties (e.g., stabilization with polymers, bimetallic modification, sulfidation, etc.) and other operational factors have variable effects on εe. Of particular interest is that pre-exposure of ZVI to reduced sulfur species (i.e., sulfidation) consistently improves the εe of contaminant reduction, mainly by suppressing the reduction of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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