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Mudigonda S, Atturu P, Dahms HU, Hwang JS, Wang CK. Evaluation of antibiofilm activity of metal oxides nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes coated styrofoam on the bacterium Jeotgalicoccus huakuii. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121810. [PMID: 38830316 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The co-existence of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), carbon-based nanomaterials and microplastics (MPs) in the natural environment are expected to be of growing global concern due to their increasing abundance and persistence in the environment worldwide. Knowledge of the interaction of the above compounds particularly under light irradiation in water remains limited. In the present study, the possible individual and combined toxic effects of MONPs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through styrofoam (SF) on the environmental bacterium Jeotaglicoccus huakuii were systematically investigated. The fabricated MONPs and CNTs were characterized using the following techniques: FT-IR (functional groups), XRD (crystallinity), SEM, and EDX (topological morphology). The objective of this study was to investigate and identify naturally occurring bacteria capable of mitigating and detoxifying toxic pollutants under adverse conditions. Moreover, the assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was made through an agar well plate method, resazurin (ELISA measurement), growth kinetics and bacterial viability were assessed employing live and dead assay and biofilm combating ability was analyzed using an antibiofilm assay. Further, the biotransformation of f-MWCNTs by J. huakuii was evaluated employing RT-PCR and SEM analysis. The results demonstrated that the toxicity of Pb3O4@f-MWCNTs was comparatively higher than the remaining Pb3O4 NPs and SF coated NPs.. Interestingly, J. huakuii showed resistance against f-MWCNTs at very high concentrations and able to utilize f-MWCNTs as a sole carbon source suggesting J. huakuii as a suitable aquatic bioremediation tool for both MONPs and CNTs transfer via MPs. The results also enhanced our understanding of the affinity of MPs towards MONPs and CNTs under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Mudigonda
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pavanchandh Atturu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Research Centre for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Chih Kuang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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2
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Jung YJ, Muneeswaran T, Choi JS, Kim S, Han JH, Cho WS, Park JW. Modified toxic potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a two-year incubation in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132763. [PMID: 37839374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), widely used in several industrial fields, are not readily degradable thus, persist in environmental matrices, serving as a source of environmental toxicity to organisms. However, the effects of environmental weathering on nanomaterial toxicity remain unclear. Herein, we prepared aged-MWCNTs (a-CNTs) by incubating commercial pristine-MWCNTs (p-CNTs) for two years and compared their changes in physicochemical properties and toxic effects on zebrafish. The characterization of a-CNTs by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed an increased surface area, pore size, structural defects, and surface oxidation than those of p-CNTs. Zebrafish were exposed to 100 mg/L p-CNT and a-CNT for four days. Subsequently, the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, including cat, gst, and sod, in a-CNT group increased by 1.5- to 1.7-fold, consistent with increased expression of genes associated with inflammation (interleukin-8) and apoptosis (p53) compared to control. The higher toxicity of a-CNTs to zebrafish than p-CNT might be due to the increased oxidative potential by altered physicochemical properties. These findings provide new insights into the risk assessment and environmental management of MWCNTs in the aquatic environment. However, further testing at environmentally relevant doses, different exposure durations, and diverse weathering parameters is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Joo Jung
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Choi
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Han
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zhao Y, Goodwin DG, Sung L, Ramakrishnan G, Wu Q, Cen J, Petersen EJ, Orlov A. Quantitative evaluation of released nanomaterials from carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites during environmental exposure and mechanical treatment. NANOIMPACT 2023; 32:100486. [PMID: 37777181 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanomaterials exhibiting high thermal and electrical conductivities, significant stiffness, and high tensile strength. As a result, CNTs have been utilized as additives to enhance properties of various polymeric materials in a broad range of fields. In this study, we investigated the release of CNTs from CNT epoxy nanocomposites exposed to environmental weathering and mechanical stresses. The presence and amount of CNTs released from degraded polymer nanocomposites is important because CNTs can impact physiological systems in humans and environmental organisms. The weathering experiments in this study included nanocomposite exposure to both UV and a water spray, to simulate sunlight and rain exposure, whereas mechanical stresses were induced by shaking and ultrasonication. CNT release from epoxy nanocomposites was quantified by a 14C-labeling method that enabled measurement of the CNT release rates after different weathering and mechanical treatments. In this study, a sample oxidizer was used prior to liquid scintillation counting, because it was shown to reduce interferences from the presence of polymeric materials and achieve a high recovery (95%). Polymer nanocomposite degradation was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy. A continuous release of 14C-labeled nanomaterials was observed after each UV and simulated rain exposure period, with 0.23% (mass/mass) of the total embedded mass of CNTs being released from the CNT nanocomposite during the full weathering process, suggesting that the water spray induced sufficient mechanical stress to eliminate the protective effect of the surface agglomerated CNT network. Importantly, additional mechanical stresses imposed on the weathered nanocomposites by shaking and ultrasonication resulted in further release of approximately 0.27% (mass /mass).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David G Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lipiin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Girish Ramakrishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qiyuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jiajie Cen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Alexander Orlov
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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4
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Romeo D, Clement P, Wick P. Release and toxicity assessment of carbon nanomaterial reinforced polymers during the use and end-of-life phases: A comparative review. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100477. [PMID: 37499755 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The research on carbon-based nanomaterial (C-NM) composites has increased in the last two decades. This family of functional materials shows outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and are being used in a variety of applications. An important challenge remains before C-NM can be fully integrated in our production industries and our lives: to assess the release of debris during production, use, and misuse of composites and the effect they may have on the environment and on human health. During their lifecycle, composites materials can be subjected to a variety of stresses which may release particles from the macroscopic range to the nanoscale. In this review, the release of debris due to abrasion, weathering and combustion as well as their toxicity is evaluated for the three most used C-NM: Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-related materials. The goal is to stimulate a Safe-By-Design approach by guiding the selection of carbon nano-fillers for specific applications based of safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Romeo
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Clement
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
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5
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Lee H, Kim S, Sin A, Kim G, Khan S, Nadagouda MN, Sahle-Demessie E, Han C. Pretreatment methods for monitoring microplastics in soil and freshwater sediment samples: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161718. [PMID: 36709896 PMCID: PMC10245186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the currently used pretreatment methods for microplastics (MPs) analysis in soil and freshwater sediments, primarily sample processing, pretreatment, and characterization methods for MPs analysis. In addition, analytical tools (e.g., lab instruments), MPs characteristics, and MPs quantity, are included in this review. Prior to pretreatment, soil and sediment samples are typically processed using sieving and drying methods, and a sample quantity of <50 g was mostly used for the pretreatment. Density separation was commonly performed before organic matter removal. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) were most often used for density separation, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation was most frequently used to remove organic matter. Although advantages of each pretreatment method have been investigated, it is still challenging to determine a universal pretreatment method due to sample variability (e.g., sample characteristics). Furthermore, it is highly required to establish standard pretreatment methods that can be used for various environmental matrices, including air, water, and wastes as well as soil and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Lee
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aebin Sin
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwangmin Kim
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanaullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan.
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
| | - Changseok Han
- Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Pandey KK, Bruckman LS, White CC, Zhu M, Zhu L. Effects of UV radiation on natural and synthetic materials. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1177-1202. [PMID: 37039962 PMCID: PMC10088630 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on construction materials, especially wood and plastics, and the consequent impacts on their useful lifetimes, are well documented in scientific literature. Any future increase in solar UV radiation and ambient temperature due to climate change will therefore shorten service lifetimes of materials, which will require higher levels of stabilisation or other interventions to maintain their lifetimes at the present levels. The implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments on substances that deplete the ozone layer, controls the solar UV-B radiation received on Earth. This current quadrennial assessment provides a comprehensive update on the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation on the durability of natural and synthetic materials, as well as recent innovations in better stabilising of materials against solar UV radiation-induced damage. Pertinent emerging technologies for wood and plastics used in construction, composite materials used in construction, textile fibres, comfort fabric, and photovoltaic materials, are addressed in detail. Also addressed are the trends in technology designed to increase sustainability via replacing toxic, unsustainable, legacy additives with 'greener' benign substitutes that may indirectly affect the UV stability of the redesigned materials. An emerging class of efficient photostabilisers are the nanoscale particles that include oxide fillers and nanocarbons used in high-performance composites, which provide good UV stability to materials. They also allow the design of UV-shielding fabric materials with impressive UV protection factors. An emerging environmental issue related to the photodegradation of plastics is the generation of ubiquitous micro-scale particles from plastic litter exposed to solar UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - K. K. Pandey
- Indian Academy of Wood Science, Bangalore, India
| | - L. S. Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - M. Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tian R, Li K, Lin Y, Lu C, Duan X. Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3007-3088. [PMID: 36802560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure-property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Ciarleglio G, Toto E, Santonicola MG. Conductive and Thermo-Responsive Composite Hydrogels with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Two-Step Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041022. [PMID: 36850305 PMCID: PMC9962410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and conductive polymer hydrogels are the subject of intensive research in the bioengineering field because of their use in bioelectronic devices and for the fabrication of electro-responsive tissues and drug delivery systems. In this study, we report the synthesis of conductive composite hydrogels consisting of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) matrix embedding carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) using a two-step photopolymerization method. Thermo-responsive hydrogels with controlled hydrophilicity and conductivity were prepared by varying the carbon nanotube concentration in the range 0.5-3 wt%. The thermal response of the PNIPAM-based composite hydrogels was measured by differential scanning calorimetry with both ultrapure water and PBS solution as swelling liquid. Results show that the endothermic peak associated with the temperature-induced volume phase transition (VPT) shifts to higher temperatures upon increasing the concentration of the nanotubes, indicating that more energy is required to dissociate the hydrogen bonds of the polymer/filler network. In PBS solution, the swelling ratios and the VPT temperatures of the composite hydrogels are reduced because of salt-induced screening of the oppositely charged polymer/filler assembly, and the electrical resistivity decreases by a factor of 10 with respect to the water-swollen hydrogels.
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9
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Accelerated Laboratory Weathering of Polypropylene/Poly (Lactic Acid) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010017. [PMID: 36616367 PMCID: PMC9823939 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve the pollution problems that result from polypropylene (PP), suitable biopolymers such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were selected to blend with PP. Since PP/PLA blends are often exposed to the natural environment, it is necessary to study the photodegradation behavior of PP/PLA blends. In this paper, PP/PLA blends with different compositions were prepared by extrusion and subjected to the accelerated laboratory weathering equipment. The effects of compatibilizers on the degradation behavior of PP/PLA blends were also studied. The weatherability of PP/PLA blends was studied through weight loss, optical microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed that PP is easy to degrade than PLA during accelerated laboratory weathering. PP/PLA blends are susceptible to the accelerated laboratory weathering process, and PP-rich and PLA-rich blends reduce the weathering resistance. Moreover, the results indicate that the initial degradation temperature, melting temperature, and crystallization temperature decrease after weathering related to the decreased thermal stability of PP/PLA blends. For instance, the initial degradation temperature of PP/PLA8.2 reduces from 332.2 °C to 320.2 °C. Moreover, the compatibilized sample is generally more resistant to weathering conditions than the uncompatibilized one due to the higher compatibility of PP and PLA.
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10
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Alghamdi MN. Performance for Fly Ash Reinforced HDPE Composites over the Ageing of Material Components. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142913. [PMID: 35890689 PMCID: PMC9324052 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The by-product abundances of fly ash allow them to be used as the reinforcing filler for high-volume and high-performance thermoplastic composites. However, the durability of the composites remains questioned as polymer degradation during environmental weathering creates brittle materials, leading to surface cracks, which potentially release hazardous fly ash particles into the environment. This paper reports the effect of environmental ageing (UV and moisture exposure) on the morphological and mechanical properties of fly ash mixed high-density polyethylene (FA/HDPE) composites with three dissimilar weight fractions (5, 10 and 15 wt%) of filler and compared the results with similarly aged neat HDPE samples. The consequence of environmental ageing on the elevated mechanical properties of composites is investigated. Fifteen wt% fly ash reinforced composite appears to have better morphological and mechanical properties after 20 weeks of ageing, with only ~5 and ~9% reduction in Young’s modulus and tensile strength, respectively. The driving factors controlling the ageing effects are broadly discussed and recommendations are made for research advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N Alghamdi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City 41912, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Xu Q, Li K, Wang P, Tian R, Lu C. Fluorescence Technique Lighting the Particle Migration in Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Xu Q, Tian R, Lu C. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Low-Molecular-Weight Phenols Liberated from Plastics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13703-13710. [PMID: 34570463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The abundant and heterogeneous distribution of toxic phenol from plastics has drawn worldwide attention. However, the common analysis methods failed to identify the accurate species of these phenolic hazards from plastics in a direct and nondestructive approach. Herein, we demonstrate the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a novel matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for low-molecular-weight phenols leaked from plastics. LDHs own abundant hydroxyl groups to facilitate chemoselectivity and ionization of phenols through the formation of hydrogen bonds with these phenols. More importantly, the LDH matrix could provide a distinguishable signal for the homolog and isomeride of these phenolic hazards. The developed method could realize nondestructive and in situ mapping of phenolic hazards in plastics. Our success could help to track the low-molecular-weight compounds liberated from plastics and supply spatial information for polluted plastics. We anticipated that the proposed approach could provide sufficient information to evaluate and alarm the safety of food packaging plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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13
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14
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Rangaraj VM, Singh S, Devaraju S, Wadi VS, Alhassan S, Anjum DH, Mittal V. Polypropylene/phosphazene nanotube nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical, and flame retardation studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vengatesan M. Rangaraj
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University, Sas Al Nakhal Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University, Sas Al Nakhal Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Subramani Devaraju
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and HumanitiesVignan's Foundations for Science, Technology and Research Guntur India
| | - Vijay S. Wadi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University, Sas Al Nakhal Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Saeed Alhassan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University, Sas Al Nakhal Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Department of PhysicsKhalifa University. Main Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University, Sas Al Nakhal Campus Abu Dhabi UAE
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15
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Zhang Z, Tian R, Zhang P, Lu C, Duan X. Three-Dimensional Visualization for Early-Stage Evolution of Polymer Aging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:771-778. [PMID: 32490193 PMCID: PMC7256940 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the evolution of polymer aging, especially early-stage aging, over both time and dimensionality can provide in-depth insight into aging-induced material invalidation and even disastrous accidents. However, it remains a great challenge because currently available methods for polymer aging only provide statistic results at a macroscopic scale. Herein, we report the first three-dimensional early-stage visualization (ESV) technique of polymer aging by using the fluorophore-bonded boronic acid to specifically target aging-induced hydroxyl groups through the B-O click reaction. This method can identify the initial aging of polypropylene (PP) as early as 20.0 min. In contrast, no signals can be detected by conventional infrared spectroscopy even after 21 days of thermal treatment. More importantly, the three-dimensional evolution for early-stage polymer aging was demonstrated: faster aggression in the horizontal plane (4.1 × 10-4 s-1) than in the vertical direction (2.6 × 10-9 m s-1) for PP films. The approach could undoubtedly provide valuable information in elucidating mechanistic details of polymer aging in three-dimensional scale and assessing the utility of advanced antiaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pudun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Scaling Reduction in Carbon Nanotube-Immobilized Membrane during Membrane Distillation. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is fast evolving as a desalination technology for high-salinity waters where scaling remains a major challenge. This paper reports the scaling reduction in carbon nanotube-immobilized membranes (CNIMs) and by the use of the antiscalant polyacrylic acid. High concentrations of CaSO4, CaCO3, and BaSO4 were deliberately used to initiate scaling on the membranes. It was observed that after ten hours of operation in a highly scaling CaSO4 environment, the CNIM showed 127% higher flux than what was observed on a membrane without the CNTs. The trends were similar with CaCO3 and BaSO4, where the CNIM showed significantly improved antiscaling behavior. The normalized flux declination for CNIM was found to be 45%, 30%, and 53% lower compared to the pristine membrane with CaSO4, CaCO3, and BaSO4 solutions, respectively. The use of antiscalant in the feed solution was also found to be effective in improving antiscaling behavior, which reduced salt deposition up to 28%, and the water vapor flux was 100% and 18% higher for the pristine polypropylene and CNIM, respectively. Results also showed that the presence of CNTs facilitated the removal of deposited salts by washing, and the CNIM regained 97% of its initial water flux, whereas the polypropylene only regained 85% of the original value.
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