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Mendoza-Sarmiento D, Mistades EV, Hill AM. Effect of Pigmented Rice Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:797-812. [PMID: 37676476 PMCID: PMC10766681 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary patterns that include polyphenols may help manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Pigmented rice contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its antioxidant properties. This review examined the effect of polyphenol-containing pigmented rice on antioxidant status, lipid profile, glucose/insulin, blood pressure, and weight among adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles published in English since 2000, using PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022358132). Two-staged screening resulted in the inclusion of seventeen (seven acute, ten chronic) randomized controlled trials. A random effects model was conducted on cardiometabolic outcomes reported in at least three studies. RECENT FINDINGS Acute intake increased plasma antioxidant activity and lowered postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Chronic consumption was associated with reductions in fasting glucose (WMD: -1.60 mg/dL; 95% CI:-3.05,-0.14, p = 0.03, k = 5, n = 349), weight (WMD: -0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.02, p = 0.03, k = 3, n = 182), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -1.39 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.56, p = 0.001, k = 3, n = 185). No effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure was found. The consumption of pigmented rice may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the small number of studies and differences in study design, including participants' health status, form of rice utilized, and duration of intervention, support the need for more high-quality trials to further investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Mendoza-Sarmiento
- Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Education, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emmanuele V Mistades
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Education, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alison M Hill
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Kim YJ, Kim SH, Kim B, Koh HJ, Kim WR, Kim JY, Chung IM. Comparative analysis of metabolite profiling and free radical scavenging activity in phenotypic variants of OsCOP1 colored rice mutant seed. Food Chem 2023; 425:136465. [PMID: 37276671 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in colored rice has been increasing due to its health benefits. This study examined the metabolite profiling of CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) mutated rice seed (yel-mutant). The wild-type (WT) and the yel-mutant having yellow (y)- and purple (p)-pericarp variants from Chucheong (cc) and Samkwang (sk) cultivars were investigated for differences in bioactive metabolite profiles and free radical scavenging activity. The total fatty acid content decreased by >50% in the yel-mutant against the WT, while no significant difference was observed between yellow- and purple-pericarp variants (p < 0.05). The yel-mutant of both cultivars showed significantly higher flavone contents than their WT (non-detected). Most of the metabolites examined were highly produced in the yel-cc-p and the yel-sk-y than in the other phenotypic variants studied. This study provides further useful information for colored rice breeding by revealing the detailed biofunctional metabolic profile under COP1 mutation in colored rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Backki Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ryeol Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Ed Nignpense B, Latif S, Francis N, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols from Pigmented Barley and Wheat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223697. [PMID: 36429289 PMCID: PMC9689394 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols in pigmented cereals are believed to enhance health outcomes through their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to characterise polyphenols from Hordeum vulgare (purple barley), Triticum turgidum (purple wheat) and Triticum aestivum (blue wheat) in order to evaluate their bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with an online 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) system was used to identify the polyphenols and quantify their relative antioxidant levels. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the cereals allowed for the assessment of polyphenol bioaccessibility using benchtop assays. Between cereals, the bioaccessible phenolic content was similar following digestion, but the antioxidant activity was significantly different (purple barley > purple wheat > blue wheat; p < 0.01). Among the polyphenols identified, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the least bioaccessible whereas flavones were the most bioaccessible after digestion. This study demonstrated that these pigmented cereal varieties are sources of bioaccessible polyphenols with antioxidant activity. These findings may aid in utilising these pigmented grains for the future design and development of novel functional food products with enhanced health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Sajid Latif
- National Life Sciences Research Hub, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Agricultural, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Metabolic Disorders in Obese Patients from Randomized Clinical Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7255413. [PMID: 36092166 PMCID: PMC9459443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7255413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aim at elucidating the heterogeneity in beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese adults by exploring the differential effects of antioxidant supplementation on basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism, systemic antioxidant capacity, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function. Methods The inclusion criteria specified randomized controlled trials with antioxidant intervention for adults (mean body mass index (BMI) > 30), from inception to Aug. 8, 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Meta-analysis and publication bias were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias with Egger's and Begg's methods being mainly used. The data of basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism index, oxidative stress index, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function index were collected to analyze the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese patients. Results A total of 30 studies were included in this study with a sample of 845 obese patients from the antioxidant supplementation group and 766 obese patients from the placebo control group. The meta-analysis showed that obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower BMI (mean difference (MD): − 0.44 [95%confidence interval (CI): − 0.84, −0.04], p = 0.03), waist circumference (MD : −0.78 [95%CI:−1.45, −0.11], p = 0.02), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (standardized mean difference (SMD): − 4.92 [95%CI:−6.87, −2.98], p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD : −0.45 [95%CI:−0.61, −0.3], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Obese patients on antioxidant supplementation had lower levels of total cholesterol (SMD : −0.43 [95%CI:−0.84, −0.02], p = 0.04), triglycerides (SMD : −0.17 [95%CI:−0.31, −0.04], p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (SMD : −0.15 [95%CI:−0.29, −0.01], p = 0.03), malondialdehyde (SMD : −1.67 [95%CI:−2.69, −0.65], p = 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (SMD : −0.29 [95%CI:−0.56, −0.02], p = 0.03), respectively, when compared to the placebo group. In addition, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (SMD : 0.25 [95%CI : 0.03, 0.46], p = 0.03) and superoxide dismutase (SMD : 1.09 [95%CI : 0.52, 1.65], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Antioxidant supplementation had no effects on other analyzed parameters including waist–hip ratio, leptin, fat mass, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase in obese patients. Conclusion The meta-analysis results indicated that antioxidant supplementation exerted potential beneficial effects in obese patients by regulating FBG, oxidative stress, and inflammation, whilst more high-quality studies are required to confirm these effects. The present study may provide important insights for the treatment of clinical obesity and obesity-associated complications.
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Deng X, Chen B, Luo Q, Zao X, Liu H, Li Y. Hulless barley polyphenol extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and obesity related-enzymes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933068. [PMID: 35990339 PMCID: PMC9389463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of adipose cells. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) is the principal crop grown in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Polyphenols, the major bioactive compound in hulless barley, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, the anti-obesity effect of hulless barley polyphenol (HBP) extract has not been explored. Therefore, the current study assessed the impact of HBP extract on preventing obesity. For this purpose, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of HBP extract against obesity-related enzymes. Moreover, we investigated the effect of HBP extract on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis through 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results demonstrated that HBP extract could inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase (α-GLU), and lipase in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HBP extract inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the extract suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), regulating fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). It was also observed that HBP extract alleviated intracellular lipid accumulation by attenuating oxidative stress. These findings specify that HBP extract could inhibit obesity-related enzymes, adipocyte differentiation, and adipogenesis. Therefore, it is potentially beneficial in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bi Chen
- School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili, China
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingru Zao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haizhe Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Ed Nignpense B, Latif S, Francis N, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. The impact of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of purple rice phenolic compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Seong EH, Gong DS, Shiwakoti S, Adhikari D, Kim HJ, Oak MH. Taxifolin as a Major Bioactive Compound in the Vasorelaxant Effect of Different Pigmented Rice Bran Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:799064. [PMID: 35387354 PMCID: PMC8979019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.799064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in recent years. The intake of polyphenol rich diets has been associated with improved cardiovascular function and reduced cardiovascular risks. Oryza sativa L. is one of the most common cereals worldwide. Rice bran, a byproduct of the rice milling process, contains many bioactive ingredients, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. It is also consumed as a healthy diet in the form of rice bran oil and powder in many Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and India for its several health benefits as a natural antioxidant. Thus, this study evaluated the vasorelaxant effect of ethanolic extracts of brown, green, red, and black rice bran and investigated its underlying vasorelaxant mechanism. Among the four rice bran extracts (RBEs) examined, the red rice bran extract (RRBE) had a strong endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect, which was markedly prevented by N-ω-nitro-L-arginine [endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor], wortmannin [phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor], and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (inhibitor of guanylate cyclase). Likewise, RRBE induced the phosphorylation of eNOS and Src in cultured endothelial cells, thereby stimulating NO formation. Altogether, these findings propose that RRBE induces endothelium-dependent relaxation, involving at least in part, NO-mediated signaling through the PI3K/eNOS pathway. Further, LC-PDA analysis conducted on the four RBEs also revealed that RRBE highly contained taxifolin, which is an active flavanonol that induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, compared to other RBEs. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of taxifolin was assessed through vascular reactivity studies with pharmacological inhibitors similar to that of RRBE. These findings deciphered a distinct difference in vasorelaxant effects between RRBE and the other RBEs. We also observed that RRBE induced a potent endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation in coronary artery rings, which involved the Src/PI3K pathway that activates eNOS. Additionally, taxifolin exhibited, at least in part, similar vasoprotective effects of RRBE. Therefore, we propose that RRBE may serve as natural sources of functional phytochemicals that improve cardiovascular diseases associated with disturbed NO production and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Dal-Seong Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Saugat Shiwakoti
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, South Korea
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Tiozon RJN, Sartagoda KJD, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. The nutritional profile and human health benefit of pigmented rice and the impact of post-harvest processes and product development on the nutritional components: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-28. [PMID: 34709089 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigmented rice has attracted considerable attention due to its nutritional value, which is in large conferred by its abundant content of phenolic compounds, considerable micronutrient concentrations, as well as its higher resistant starch and thereby slower digestibility properties. A wide range of phenolic compounds identified in pigmented rice exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Post-harvest processes significantly reduce the levels of these phytochemicals, but recent developments in processing methods have allowed greater retention of their contents. Pigmented rice has also been converted to different products for food preservation and to derive functional foods. Profiling a large set of pigmented rice cultivars will thus not only provide new insights into the phytochemical diversity of rice and the genes underlying the vast array of secondary metabolites present in this species but also provide information concerning their nutritional benefits, which will be instrumental in breeding healthier rice. The present review mainly focuses on the nutritional composition of pigmented rice and how it can impact human health alongside the effects of post-harvest processes and product development methods to retain the ambient level of phytochemicals in the final processed form in which it is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kristel June D Sartagoda
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Ed Nignpense B, Francis N, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity of Cereal Polyphenols: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071595. [PMID: 34359469 PMCID: PMC8307242 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, are known to possess a wide range of disease preventive properties that are attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, due to their low plasma concentrations after oral intake, there is controversy regarding their therapeutic benefits in vivo. Within the gastrointestinal tract, some cereal polyphenols are absorbed in the small intestine, with the majority accumulating and metabolised by the colonic microbiota. Chemical and enzymatic processes occurring during gastrointestinal digestion modulate the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. The interactions between the cereal polyphenols and the intestinal epithelium allow the modulation of intestinal barrier function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and mucin production thereby improving intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota is believed to have a reciprocal interaction with polyphenols, wherein the microbiome produces bioactive and bioaccessible phenolic metabolites and the phenolic compound, in turn, modifies the microbiome composition favourably. Thus, the microbiome presents a key link between polyphenol consumption and the health benefits observed in metabolic conditions in numerous studies. This review will explore the therapeutic value of cereal polyphenols in conjunction with their bioaccessibility, impact on intestinal barrier function and interaction with the microbiome coupled with plasma anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (N.F.); (C.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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Nunoue T, Yamaguchi S, Teshigawara S, Katayama A, Nakatsuka A, Eguchi J, Niki T, Wada J. Lgals9 deficiency ameliorates obesity by modulating redox state of PRDX2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5991. [PMID: 33727589 PMCID: PMC7966757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue is regarded as an endocrine organ and secretes bioactive adipokines modulating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Gal-9 is secreted out upon cell injuries, interacts with T-cell immunoglobulin-3 (Tim-3) and induces apoptosis in activated Th1 cells. Gal-9 also binds to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), maintains PDI on surface of T cells, and increases free thiols in the disulfide/thiol cycles. To explore the molecular mechanism of obesity, we investigated Gal-9−/− and Gal-9wt/wt C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) chow. Gal-9−/− mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity associated with reduction of epididymal and mesenteric fat tissues and improved glucose tolerance compared with Gal-9wt/wt mice. However, the number of M1, M2 macrophages, and M1/M2 ratio in epididymal fat were unaltered. Under HFHS chow, Gal-9−/− mice receiving Gal-9−/− or Gal-9wt/wt bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) demonstrated significantly lower body weight compared with Gal-9wt/wt mice receiving Gal-9−/− BMCs. We identified the binding between Gal-9 and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) in sugar chain-independent manner by nanoLC-MS/MS, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assay. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, Gal-9 knockdown shifts PRDX2 monomer (reduced form) dominant from PRDX2 dimer (oxidized form) under oxidative stress with H2O2. The inhibition of Gal-9 in adipocytes may be a new therapeutic approach targeting the oxidative stress and subsequent glucose intolerance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Nunoue
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sanae Teshigawara
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katayama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Eguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Functional foods - dietary or herbal products on obesity: application of selected bioactive compounds to target lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Coloured Rice Phenolic Extracts Increase Expression of Genes Associated with Insulin Secretion in Rat Pancreatic Insulinoma β-cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093314. [PMID: 32392844 PMCID: PMC7246603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-induced oxidative stress is associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may dysregulate the expression of genes controlling insulin secretion leading to β-cell dysfunction, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the impact of coloured rice phenolic extracts (CRPEs) on the expression of key genes associated with β-cell function in pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E). These genes included glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), pancreatic/duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and insulin 1 (Ins1). INS-1E cells were cultured in high glucose (25 mM) to induce glucotoxic stress conditions (HGSC) and in normal glucose conditions (NGC-11.1 mM) to represent normal β-cell function. Cells were treated with CRPEs derived from two coloured rice cultivars, Purple and Yunlu29-red varieties at concentrations ranged from 50 to 250 µg/mL. CRPEs upregulated the expression of Glut2, Sirt1 and Pdx-1 significantly at 250 µg/mL under HGSC. CRPEs from both cultivars also upregulated Glut2, Sirt1, Tfam, Pdx-1 and Ins1 markedly at 250 µg/mL under NGC with Yunlu29 having the greatest effect. These data suggest that CRPEs may reduce β-cell dysfunction in T2DM by upregulating the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion pathways.
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