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Ying J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Zhou L, Wan JP. Transition-Metal-Free C-H Trifluoromethylthiolation of N,N-Disubstituted Enaminones To Access CF 3S-Functionalized Enaminones and Their Application in the Synthesis of CF 3S-Heteroaryls. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9078-9085. [PMID: 38830227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The α-C-H trifluoromethylthiolation of N,N-disubstituted enaminones has been achieved with simple and cheap CF3SO2Na as the CF3S source. The reactions were run at mild temperature (0 °C to rt) using POCl3 as the only reducing reagent. The work represents the first example on the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthio enaminones via direct C-H functionalization. In addition, the resulting CF3S-functionalized enaminones have been proven as useful building blocks in the synthesis of various CF3S-functionalized heteroaromatic compounds by simple annulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Ying
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330033, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330033, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330033, China
| | - Liyun Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330033, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330033, China
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2
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Pormohammad A, Moradi M, Hommes JW, Pujol E, Naesens L, Vázquez S, Surewaard BGJ, Zarei M, Vazquez-Carrera M, Turner RJ. Novel pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs selectively kill Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0007124. [PMID: 38700321 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00071-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobial agents are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance. This study tested novel pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs for their potential antibacterial efficacy. Standard procedures were used to produce pentafluorosulfanyl-containing triclocarban analogs. Twenty new compounds were tested against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative indicator strains as well as 10 clinical isolates for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Mechanistic investigations focused on damage to cell membrane, oxidizing reduced thiols, iron-sulfur clusters, and oxidative stress to explain the compounds' activity. Safety profiles were assessed using cytotoxicity experiments in eukaryotic cell lines. Following screening, selected components had significantly better antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria in lower concentrations in comparison to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. For instance, one compound had a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.0003 mM, but ciprofloxacin had 0.08 mM. Mechanistic studies show that these novel compounds do not affect reduced thiol content, iron-sulfur clusters, or hydrogen peroxide pathways. Their impact comes from Gram-positive bacterial cell membrane damage. Tests on cell culture toxicity and host component safety showed promise. Novel diarylurea compounds show promise as Gram-positive antimicrobials. These compounds offer prospects for study and optimization. IMPORTANCE The rise of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a significant threat to global health, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study presents research on a promising class of novel compounds with potent antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. What sets these novel analogs apart is their superior efficacy at substantially lower concentrations compared with commonly used antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Importantly, these compounds act by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, offering a unique mechanism that could potentially circumvent existing resistance mechanisms. Preliminary safety assessments also highlight their potential for therapeutic use. This study not only opens new avenues for combating antibiotic-resistant infections but also underscores the importance of innovative chemical approaches in addressing the global antimicrobial resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- MHCombiotic Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Josefien W Hommes
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eugènia Pujol
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Carrera
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Kucher H, Wenzel JO, Rombach D. Hydrothiolation of Triisopropylsilyl Acetylene Sulfur Pentafluoride - Charting the Chemical Space of β-SF 5 Vinyl Sulfides. Chempluschem 2024:e202400168. [PMID: 38691830 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we suggested liquid and high-boiling TIPS-CC-SF5 (TASP) as a versatile reagent to access so far elusive SF5-containing building blocks by less specialized laboratories under bench-top conditions. The synthesis of non-aromatic SF5 building blocks generally requires on-site fluorination or pentafluorosulfanylation steps employing toxic and/or gaseous reagents. Herein, we underline the versatility of this reagent by reporting a benign bench-top protocol for the synthesis of Z-configured β-pentafluorosulfanylated vinyl sulfides in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) with exclusive (Z)-diasteroselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. This method exploits an in-situ protodesilylation-hydrothiolation sequence. This so far uncharted class of compounds was characterized by means of NMR-spectroscopy as well as SC-XRD. Furthermore, we suggest the reaction to proceed via a kinetically controlled closed-shell reaction pathway, corroborated by in-silico experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kucher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas O Wenzel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Rombach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Zhao X, Verma R, Sridhara MB, Sharath Kumar KS. Fluorinated azoles as effective weapons in fight against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106975. [PMID: 37992426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases are making MRSA a threat to human life. The most dangerous feature is the fast emergence of MRSA resistance to all recognized antibiotics, including vancomycin. The creation of novel, effective, and non-toxic drug candidates to combat MRSA isolates is urgently required. Fluorine containing small molecules have taken a centre stage in the field of drug development. Over the last 50 years, there have been a growing number of fluorinated compounds that have been approved since the clinical usage of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950 s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980 s. Due to its advantages in terms of potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been regarded as a potent and useful tool in the rational drug design method. The flexible bioactive fluorinated azoles are ideal candidates for the development of new antibiotics. This review summarizes the decade developments of fluorinated azole derivatives with a wide antibacterial activity against diverged MRSA strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally varied fluorinated azole analogues including thiazole, benzimidazole, oxadiazole and pyrazole against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhao
- Energy Engineering College, Yulin University, Yulin City-719000, P. R. China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - M B Sridhara
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Vidyasangama, Belagavi 591156, India
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5
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Formagio MD, Silva JVDO, Silva AF, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Urbano A, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS, Capoci IRG, Cotica ÉSK, Mikcha JMG. "Antibacterial effect and possible mechanism of action of 1,3,4-oxadiazole in Staphylococcus aureus". Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovad138. [PMID: 38070878 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main etiological agents causing foodborne diseases, and the development of new antibacterial agents is urgent. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and the possible mechanism of action of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole LMM6 against S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LMM6 ranged from 1.95 to 7.81 µg ml-1. The time-kill assay showed that 48-h treatment at 1× to 8× MIC reduced S. aureus by 4 log colony forming unit (CFU), indicating a bacteriostatic effect. Regarding the possible mechanism of action of LMM6, there was accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in the absorption of crystal violet (∼50%) by the cells treated with LMM6 at 1× and 2× MIC for 6-12 h. In addition, there was increased propidium iodide uptake (∼84%) after exposure to LMM6 for 12 h at 2× MIC. After 48 h of treatment, 100% of bacteria had been injured. Scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated that LMM6-treated cells were smaller compared with the untreated group. LMM6 exhibited bacteriostatic activity and its mechanism of action involves increase of intracellular ROS and disturbance of the cell membrane, which can be considered a key target for controlling the growth of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Dante Formagio
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
| | | | - Alex Fiori Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, State University of Minas Gerais, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 38302-192
| | - Paula Aline Zanetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
| | - Alexandre Urbano
- Physics Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil, 86057-970
| | | | - Isis Regina Grenier Capoci
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
| | - Érika Seki Kioshima Cotica
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
| | - Jane Martha Graton Mikcha
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá Paraná, Brazil, 87020-900
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6
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Witoszka K, Matalińska J, Misicka A, Lipiński PFJ. Moving out of CF 3 -Land: Synthesis, Receptor Affinity, and in silico Studies of NK1 Receptor Ligands Containing a Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF 5 ) Group. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300315. [PMID: 37821725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The NK1 receptor (NK1R) is a molecular target for both approved and experimental drugs intended for a variety of conditions, including emesis, pain, and cancers. While contemplating modifications to the typical NK1R pharmacophore, we wondered whether the CF3 groups common for many NK1R ligands, could be replaced with some other moiety. Our attention was drawn by the SF5 group, and so we designed, synthesized, and tested ten novel SF5 -containing compounds for NK1R affinity. All analogues exhibit detectable NK1R binding, with the best of them, compound 5 a, (3-bromo-5-(pentafluoro-λ6 -sulfanyl)benzyl acetyl-L-tryptophanate) binding only slightly worse (IC50 =34.3 nM) than the approved NK1R-targeting drug, aprepitant (IC50 =27.7 nM). Molecular docking provided structural explanation of SAR. According to our analysis, the SF5 group in our compounds occupies a position similar to that of one of the CF3 groups of aprepitant as found in the crystal structure. Additionally, we checked whether the docking scoring function or energies derived from Fragment Molecular Orbital quantum chemical calculations may be helpful in explaining and predicting the experimental receptor affinities for our analogues. Both these methods produce moderately good results. Overall, this is the first demonstration of the utility of the SF5 group in the design of NK1R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Witoszka
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Matalińska
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Douglas EA, Marshall B, Alghamadi A, Joseph EA, Duggan S, Vittorio S, De Luca L, Serpi M, Laabei M. Improved Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Based Compounds That Restrict Staphylococcus aureus Growth Independent of LtaS Function. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2141-2159. [PMID: 37828912 PMCID: PMC10644342 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The lipoteichoic acid (LTA) biosynthesis pathway has emerged as a promising antimicrobial therapeutic target. Previous studies identified the 1,3,4 oxadiazole compound 1771 as an LTA inhibitor with activity against Gram-positive pathogens. We have succeeded in making six 1771 derivatives and, through subsequent hit validation, identified the incorporation of a pentafluorosulfanyl substituent as central in enhancing activity. Our newly described derivative, compound 13, showed a 16- to 32-fold increase in activity compared to 1771 when tested against a cohort of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains while simultaneously exhibiting an improved toxicity profile against mammalian cells. Molecular techniques were employed in which the assumed target, lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS), was both deleted and overexpressed. Neither deletion nor overexpression of LtaS altered 1771 or compound 13 susceptibility; however, overexpression of LtaS increased the MIC of Congo red, a previously identified LtaS inhibitor. These data were further supported by comparing the docking poses of 1771 and derivatives in the LtaS active site, which indicated the possibility of an additional target(s). Finally, we show that both 1771 and compound 13 have activity that is independent of LtaS, extending to cover Gram-negative species if the outer membrane is first permeabilized, challenging the classification that these compounds are strict LtaS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Marshall
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K.
| | - Arwa Alghamadi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K.
| | - Erin A. Joseph
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K.
| | - Seána Duggan
- Medical
Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of
Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4DQ, U.K.
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K.
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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8
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Sood A, Kesavan V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanamide derivatives against resistant pathogens. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1817-1826. [PMID: 37731706 PMCID: PMC10507797 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally through random mutation. Resistance to antimicrobials is an urgent public health crisis that requires coordinated global action. The ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are primarily responsible for the rise in resistant pathogens. There is an immediate requirement to identify a novel molecular scaffold with potent anti-microbial properties. We developed an efficient one-step synthesis of 2-benzylidene-3-oxobutanamide and its derivatives, which allowed the introduction of an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety in the quest to identify a new molecular scaffold. Seven compounds exhibited very good antibacterial activity in vitro against WHO priority drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii-Multi drug resistant (MDR-AB). In cultured human embryonic kidney cells and hemolysis assays, the potent compounds displayed minimal toxicity. These findings suggest that these small molecules with excellent diversity have the potential to combat antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sood
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai-60036 India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai-60036 India
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9
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Chemistry of Pentafluorosulfanyl Derivatives and Related Analogs: From Synthesis to Applications. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201491. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Karanja CW, Naganna N, Abutaleb NS, Dayal N, Onyedibe KI, Aryal U, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Isoquinoline Antimicrobial Agent: Activity against Intracellular Bacteria and Effect on Global Bacterial Proteome. Molecules 2022; 27:5085. [PMID: 36014324 PMCID: PMC9416421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of alkynyl isoquinoline antibacterial compounds, synthesized via Sonogashira coupling, with strong bactericidal activity against a plethora of Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains is presented. HSN584 and HSN739, representative compounds in this class, reduce methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) load in macrophages, whilst vancomycin, a drug of choice for MRSA infections, was unable to clear intracellular MRSA. Additionally, both HSN584 and HSN739 exhibited a low propensity to develop resistance. We utilized comparative global proteomics and macromolecule biosynthesis assays to gain insight into the alkynyl isoquinoline mechanism of action. Our preliminary data show that HSN584 perturb S. aureus cell wall and nucleic acid biosynthesis. The alkynyl isoquinoline moiety is a new scaffold for the development of potent antibacterial agents against fatal multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W. Karanja
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nimishetti Naganna
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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11
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Sani M, Zanda M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry of SF5 and SF4Cl Compounds. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1845-9291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis short review covers the most important advances published in the literature during the last five years, concerning the synthesis, chemical modifications, and applications of SF5 and SF4Cl compounds in medicinal/bioorganic chemistry and materials science.1 Introduction2 Methods for Incorporation/Manipulation of SF4Cl/SF5 Groups2.1 Nonaromatic SF5 Compounds via Direct Pentafluorosulfanylation of Alkenes and Alkynes2.2 SF4Cl- and SF5-Aryl/Heteroaryl Derivatives3 Synthesis of SF5/SF4Cl/SF4-Substituted Small Molecules3.1 Heterocycles3.2 Amines and Amino Acids3.3 α-SF5 ketones3.4 Miscellaneous Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, and Aryl-SF5 Compounds4 Medicinal/Biological Applications4.1 Anticancer Compounds4.2 Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Compounds4.3 Central Nervous System4.4 Miscellaneous Biological Activity5 Materials Science Applications6 Conclusion
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Karanja C, Eldesouky HE, Liang HW, Dieterly A, Aryal UK, Lyle T, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Mechanistic Studies and In Vivo Efficacy of an Oxadiazole-Containing Antibiotic. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6612-6630. [PMID: 35482444 PMCID: PMC9124606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are still difficult to treat, despite the availability of many FDA-approved antibiotics. Thus, new compound scaffolds are still needed to treat MRSA. The oxadiazole-containing compound, HSGN-94, has been shown to reduce lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in S. aureus, but the mechanism that accounts for LTA biosynthesis inhibition remains uncharacterized. Herein, we report the elucidation of the mechanism by which HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via utilization of global proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, and lipid analysis via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our data suggest that HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via direct binding to PgcA and downregulation of PgsA. We further show that HSGN-94 reduces the MRSA load in skin infection (mouse) and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in MRSA-infected wounds. Collectively, HSGN-94 merits further consideration as a potential drug for staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caroline Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hassan E Eldesouky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hsin-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Alexandra Dieterly
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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Naclerio GA, Onyedibe KI, Karanja CW, Aryal UK, Sintim HO. Comparative Studies to Uncover Mechanisms of Action of N-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide Containing Antibacterial Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:865-877. [PMID: 35297603 PMCID: PMC9188027 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial pathogens still cause high levels of mortality annually despite the availability of many antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is especially problematic, and the rise in resistance to front-line treatments like vancomycin and linezolid calls for new chemical modalities to treat chronic and relapsing MRSA infections. Halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are an interesting class of antimicrobial agents, which have been described by multiple groups to be effective against different bacterial pathogens. The modes of action of a few N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides have been elucidated. For example, oxadiazoles KKL-35 and MBX-4132 have been described as inhibitors of trans-translation (a ribosome rescue pathway), while HSGN-94 was shown to inhibit lipoteichoic acid (LTA). However, other similarly halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides neither inhibit trans-translation nor LTA biosynthesis but are potent antimicrobial agents. For example, HSGN-220, -218, and -144 are N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides that are modified with OCF3, SCF3, or SF5 and have remarkable minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 to 0.06 μg/mL against MRSA clinical isolates and show a low propensity to develop resistance to MRSA over 30 days. The mechanism of action of these highly potent oxadiazoles is however unknown. To provide insights into how these halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides inhibit bacterial growth, we performed global proteomics and RNA expression analysis of some essential genes of S. aureus treated with HSGN-220, -218, and -144. These studies revealed that the oxadiazoles HSGN-220, -218, and -144 are multitargeting antibiotics that regulate menaquinone biosynthesis and other essential proteins like DnaX, Pol IIIC, BirA, LexA, and DnaC. In addition, these halogenated N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides were able to depolarize bacterial membranes and regulate siderophore biosynthesis and heme regulation. Iron starvation appears to be part of the mechanism of action that led to bacterial killing. This study demonstrates that N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are indeed privileged scaffolds for the development of antibacterial agents and that subtle modifications lead to changes to the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caroline W. Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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14
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Onyedibe KI, Dayal N, Sintim HO. SF 5- and SCF 3-substituted tetrahydroquinoline compounds as potent bactericidal agents against multidrug-resistant persister Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1879-1893. [PMID: 34825185 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria persister cells are immune to most antibiotics and hence compounds that are active against persister bacteria are needed. We screened a chemical library of SF5- and SCF3-substituted tetrahydroquinoline compounds, synthesized via the Povarov reaction, for antibacterial activity and identified active compounds that displayed good activities against many Gram-positive bacteria, including persisters. The most potent of these compounds, HSD1835, inhibited the growth of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (including clinical strains) at concentrations ranging from 1 μg mL-1 to 4 μg mL-1. Several of the SCF3- and SF5-containing compounds were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and against the two most fatal strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), VRE faecalis and VRE faecium. The compounds showed bactericidal activity against stationary phase persister MRSA in time-kill assays. Mechanistic studies showed that HSD1835 acts by disrupting bacterial membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm bacterial membrane disruption. Interestingly, in a 30 day serial exposure experiment, MRSA remained susceptible to low-dose HSD1835 whilst resistance to ciprofloxacin and mupirocin emerged by day 10. Analogs of HSD1835, which did not bear the SF5 or SCF3 moieties, were inactive against bacteria. Recent reports (G. A. Naclerio, N. S. Abutaleb, K. I. Onyedibe, M. N. Seleem and H. O. Sintim, RSC Med. Chem. 2020, 11, 102-110 and G. A. Naclerio, N. S. Abutaleb, D. Li, M. N. Seleem and H. O. Sintim, J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63(20), 11934-11944) also demonstrated that adding the SF5 or SCF3 groups to a different scaffold (oxadiazoles) enhanced the antibacterial properties of the compounds, so it appears that these groups are privileged moieties that enhance the antimicrobial activities of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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15
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Gilbert A, Langowski P, Paquin JF. Synthesis of N-(2-SF5-ethyl)amines and impact of the SF5 substituent on their basicity and lipophilicity. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Verma SK, Verma R, Kumar KSS, Banjare L, Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Rakesh KP, Rangappa KS. A key review on oxadiazole analogs as potential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity: Structure-activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113442. [PMID: 33878562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming dangerous to human beings due to easy transmission mode and leading to the difficult-to-treat situation. The rapid resistance development of MRSA to many approved antibiotics is of major concern. There is a lot of scope to develop novel, efficient, specific, and nontoxic drug candidates to fight against MRSA isolates. The interesting molecular structure and adaptable feature of oxadiazole moiety which are bioisosteres of esters and amides, and these functional groups show improved resistance to esterases mediated hydrolytic cleavage, attracting researchers to develop required novel antibiotics based on oxadiazole core. This review summarizes the developments of oxadiazole-containing derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant MRSA strains and discussing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in various directions. The current survey is the highlight of the present scenario of oxadiazole hybrids on MRSA studies, covering articles published from 2011 to 2020. This collective information may become a good platform to plan and develop new oxadiazole-based small molecule growth inhibitors of MRSA with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | | | - Laxmi Banjare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Koni, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman Uniersity, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
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17
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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19
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Alhashimi M, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. N-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)Benzamides as Antibacterial Agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2427. [PMID: 33671065 PMCID: PMC7957578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an urgent-threat Gram-negative bacterial pathogen. Additionally, resistance to frontline treatment (dual therapy with azithromycin and ceftriaxone) has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, which has caused a global health crisis. The drug pipeline for N. gonorrhoeae has been severely lacking as new antibacterial agents have not been approved by the FDA in the last twenty years. Thus, there is a need for new chemical entities active against drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3), and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides are novel compounds with potent activities against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Here, we report the discovery of new N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides (HSGN-237 and -238) with highly potent activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Additionally, these new compounds were shown to have activity against clinically important Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and Listeria monocytogenes (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.25 µg/mL). Both compounds were highly tolerable to human cell lines. Moreover, HSGN-238 showed an outstanding ability to permeate across the gastrointestinal tract, indicating it would have a high systemic absorption if used as an anti-gonococcal therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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20
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Gilbert A, Langowski P, Delgado M, Chabaud L, Pucheault M, Paquin JF. Amine-borane complex-initiated SF 5Cl radical addition on alkenes and alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:3069-3077. [PMID: 33414854 PMCID: PMC7753108 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The SF5Cl radical addition on unsaturated compounds was performed using an air-stable amine-borane complex as the radical initiator. This method showed to be complementary to the classic Et3B-mediated SF5Cl addition on alkenes and alkynes. A total of seven alkene and three alkyne derivatives were tested in the reaction, with yields ranging from 3% to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gilbert
- Départment de chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Marine Delgado
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires - Groupe ORGA - UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires - Groupe ORGA - UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires - Groupe ORGA - UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
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21
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Li D, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Ultrapotent Inhibitor of Clostridioides difficile Growth, Which Suppresses Recurrence In Vivo. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11934-11944. [PMID: 32960605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the U.S. and considered an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Only two antibiotics, vancomycin and fidaxomicin, are FDA-approved for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI), but these therapies still suffer from high treatment failure and recurrence. Therefore, new chemical entities to treat CDI are needed. Trifluoromethylthio-containing N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides displayed very potent activities [sub-μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values] against Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report remarkable antibacterial activity enhancement via halogen substitutions, which afforded new anti-C. difficile agents with ultrapotent activities [MICs as low as 0.003 μg/mL (0.007 μM)] that surpassed the activity of vancomycin against C. difficile clinical isolates. The most promising compound in the series, HSGN-218, is nontoxic to mammalian colon cells and is gut-restrictive. In addition, HSGN-218 protected mice from CDI recurrence. Not only does this work provide a potential clinical lead for the development of C. difficile therapeutics but also highlights dramatic drug potency enhancement via halogen substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daoyi Li
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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