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Mahadik MA, Hwang IS, Chae WS, Lee HH, Choi SH, Cho M, Jang JS. Synergistic role of hydrogen treatment and heterojunction in H-WO 3-x/TiO 2-x NT/Ti foil-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical wastewater detoxification and antibacterial activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137973. [PMID: 36709844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The process of photoelectrochemical wastewater detoxification is limited by significant charge recombination, which is difficult to suppress with efficient single-material photoanodes. We demonstrated the effectiveness of hydrogen treatment in evaluating charge separation properties in WO3-x/TiO2-x NT/Ti foil heterojunction photoanodes. The influence of varying hydrogen annealing (200-400 °C) on the structural and photoelectrochemical properties of WO3/TiO2 NS/NT heterojunction is studied systematically. Additionally, after hydrogen treatment of pristine WO3/TiO2 NT/Ti foil photoanodes, substoichiometric H-WO3-x/TiO2-x NT-300 achieved the 1.21 mA/cm2 photocurrent density, which is 8.06 and 3.27 times than TiO2 NT and WO3/TiO2 NT. The hydrogen-treated H-WO3-x/TiO2-x NT-300 electrode exhibits 3 times greater bulk efficiencies than the WO3/TiO2 NT electrode due to the production of oxygen vacancies at the interface. Additionally, optimum H-WO3-x/TiO2-x NS/NT-300 photoanode exhibited 93.8% E. coli and 99.8% BPA decomposition efficiencies. The present work shows the effectiveness of microwave-assisted H-WO3-x/TiO2-x NT heterojunction photoanodes for organic decomposition and antibacterial activity in a neutral environment without surface-loaded co-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeo A Mahadik
- Division of Biotechnology, Safety, Environment and Life Science Institute, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, Safety, Environment and Life Science Institute, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwi Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Safety, Environment and Life Science Institute, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, Safety, Environment and Life Science Institute, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Luo Z, Mao X, Dong Y, Peng L, Sun-Waterhouse D, Kennedy JV, Waterhouse GIN. Recent Advances in Self-Supported Semiconductor Heterojunction Nanoarrays as Efficient Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204553. [PMID: 36135974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth of semiconductor heterojunction nanoarrays directly on conductive substrates represents a promising strategy toward high-performance photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. By controlling the growth conditions, heterojunction nanoarrays with different morphologies and semiconductor components can be fabricated, resulting in greatly enhanced light-absorption properties, stabilities, and PEC activities. Herein, recent progress in the development of self-supported heterostructured semiconductor nanoarrays as efficient photoanode catalysts for water oxidation is reviewed. Synthetic methods for the fabrication of heterojunction nanoarrays with specific compositions and structures are first discussed, including templating methods, wet chemical syntheses, electrochemical approaches and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Then, various heterojunction nanoarrays that have been reported in recent years based on particular core semiconductor scaffolds (e.g., TiO2 , ZnO, WO3 , Fe2 O3 , etc.) are summarized, placing strong emphasis on the synergies generated at the interface between the semiconductor components that can favorably boost PEC water oxidation. Whilst strong progress has been made in recent years to enhance the visible-light responsiveness, photon-to-O2 conversion efficiency and stability of photoanodes based on heterojunction nanoarrays, further advancements in all these areas are needed for PEC water splitting to gain any traction alongside photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC) systems as a viable and cost-effective route toward the hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ziyu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xichen Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Dong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lishan Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John V Kennedy
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Yan Z, Zhang Y, Kang W, Deng N, Pan Y, Sun W, Ni J, Kang X. TiO 2 Gas Sensors Combining Experimental and DFT Calculations: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3611. [PMID: 36296801 PMCID: PMC9607066 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors play an irreplaceable role in industry and life. Different types of gas sensors, including metal-oxide sensors, are developed for different scenarios. Titanium dioxide is widely used in dyes, photocatalysis, and other fields by virtue of its nontoxic and nonhazardous properties, and excellent performance. Additionally, researchers are continuously exploring applications in other fields, such as gas sensors and batteries. The preparation methods include deposition, magnetron sputtering, and electrostatic spinning. As researchers continue to study sensors with the help of modern computers, microcosm simulations have been implemented, opening up new possibilities for research. The combination of simulation and calculation will help us to better grasp the reaction mechanisms, improve the design of gas sensor materials, and better respond to different gas environments. In this paper, the experimental and computational aspects of TiO2 are reviewed, and the future research directions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Nanping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yingwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Purschke DN, Pielmeier MRP, Üzer E, Ott C, Jensen C, Degg A, Vogel A, Amer N, Nilges T, Hegmann FA. Ultrafast Photoconductivity and Terahertz Vibrational Dynamics in Double-Helix SnIP Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100978. [PMID: 34278600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tin iodide phosphide (SnIP), an inorganic double-helix material, is a quasi-1D van der Waals semiconductor that shows promise in photocatalysis and flexible electronics. However, the understanding of the fundamental photophysics and charge transport dynamics of this new material is limited. Here, time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is used to probe the transient photoconductivity of SnIP nanowire films and measure the carrier mobility. With insight into the highly anisotropic electronic structure from quantum chemical calculations, an electron mobility as high as 280 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the double-helix axis and a hole mobility of 238 cm2 V-1 s-1 perpendicular to the double-helix axis are detected. Additionally, infrared-active (IR-active) THz vibrational modes are measured, which shows excellent agreement with first-principles calculations, and an ultrafast photoexcitation-induced charge redistribution is observed that reduces the amplitude of a twisting mode of the outer SnI helix on picosecond timescales. Finally, it is shown that the carrier lifetime and mobility are limited by a trap density greater than 1018 cm-3 . The results provide insight into the optical excitation and relaxation pathways of SnIP and demonstrate a remarkably high carrier mobility for such a soft and flexible material, suggesting that it could be ideally suited for flexible electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Markus R P Pielmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Ebru Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Claudia Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Charles Jensen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Annabelle Degg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Naaman Amer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tom Nilges
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Shoute LCT, Alam KM, Vahidzadeh E, Manuel AP, Zeng S, Kumar P, Kar P, Shankar K. Effect of morphology on the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured Cu 2O photocathodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:374001. [PMID: 32619996 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba2a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor photocathode for sunlight-driven water splitting. Characterization results are presented to show how the photocurrent density (Jph), onset potential (Eonset), band edges, carrier density (NA), and interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct) are affected by the morphology and method used to deposit Cu2O on a copper foil. Mesoscopic and planar morphologies exhibit large differences in the values ofNAandRct. However, these differences are not observed to translate to other photocatalytic properties of Cu2O. Mesoscopic and planar morphologies exhibit similar bandgap (e.g.) and flat band potential (Efb) values of 1.93 ± 0.04 eV and 0.48 ± 0.06 eV respectively.Eonsetof 0.48 ± 0.04 eV obtained for these systems is close to theEfbindicating negligible water reduction overpotential. Electrochemically deposited planar Cu2O provides the highest photocurrent density of 5.0 mA cm-2at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) of all the morphologies studied. The photocurrent densities observed in this study are among the highest reported values for bare Cu2O photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ehsan Vahidzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ajay P Manuel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Piyush Kar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Pielmeier MRP, Nilges T. Bildungsmechanismen für Phosphoren und SnIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus R. P. Pielmeier
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Deutschland
| | - Tom Nilges
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Deutschland
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Pielmeier MRP, Nilges T. Formation Mechanisms for Phosphorene and SnIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6816-6823. [PMID: 33512072 PMCID: PMC7986658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorene-the monolayered material of the element allotrope black phosphorus (Pblack )-and SnIP are 2D and 1D semiconductors with intriguing physical properties. Pblack and SnIP have in common that they can be synthesized via short way transport or mineralization using tin, tin(IV) iodide and amorphous red phosphorus. This top-down approach is the most important access route to phosphorene. The two preparation routes are closely connected and differ mainly in reaction temperature and molar ratios of starting materials. Many speculative intermediates or activator side phases have been postulated especially for top-down Pblack /phosphorene synthesis, such as Hittorf's phosphorus or Sn24 P19.3 I8 clathrate. The importance of phosphorus-based 2D and 1D materials for energy conversion, storage, and catalysis inspired us to elucidate the formation mechanisms of these two compounds. Herein, we report on the reaction mechanisms of Pblack /phosphorene and SnIP from P4 and SnI2 via direct gas phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus R. P. Pielmeier
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstrasse 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Tom Nilges
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstrasse 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
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