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Bietar K, Chu S, Mandl G, Zhang E, Chabaytah N, Sabelli R, Capobianco JA, Stochaj U. Silica-coated LiYF 4:Yb 3+, Tm 3+ upconverting nanoparticles are non-toxic and activate minor stress responses in mammalian cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8695-8708. [PMID: 38495986 PMCID: PMC10938293 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are ideal candidates for use in biomedicine. The interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems determines whether they are suitable for use in living cells. In-depth knowledge of the nano-bio interactions is therefore a pre-requisite for the development of biomedical applications. The current study evaluates fundamental aspects of the NP-cell interface for square bipyramidal UCNPs containing a LiYF4:Yb3+, Tm3+ core and two different silica surface coatings. Given their importance for mammalian physiology, fibroblast and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells were selected as cellular model systems. We have assessed the toxicity of the UCNPs and measured their impact on the homeostasis of living non-malignant cells. Rigorous analyses were conducted to identify possible toxic and sub-lethal effects of the UCNPs. To this end, we examined biomarkers that reveal if UCNPs induce cell killing or stress. Quantitative measurements demonstrate that short-term exposure to the UCNPs had no profound effects on cell viability, cell size or morphology. Indicators of oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, or nucleolar stress, and the production of molecular chaperones varied with the surface modification of the UCNPs and the cell type analyzed. These differences emphasize the importance of evaluating cells of diverse origin that are relevant to the intended use of the nanomaterials. Taken together, we established that short-term, our square bipyramidal UCNPs are not toxic to non-malignant fibroblast and proximal renal epithelial cells. Compared with established inducers of cellular stress, these UCNPs have minor effects on cellular homeostasis. Our results build the foundation to explore square bipyramidal UCNPs for future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Bietar
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | - Siwei Chu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | - Gabrielle Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University Canada
| | - Emma Zhang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
| | | | | | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University Montreal Canada
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Mena-Giraldo P, Kaur M, Maurizio SL, Mandl GA, Capobianco JA. Janus Micromotors for Photophoretic Motion and Photon Upconversion Applications Using a Single Near-Infrared Wavelength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4249-4260. [PMID: 38197400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
External stimuli can trigger changes in temperature, concentration, and momentum between micromotors and the medium, causing their propulsion and enabling them to perform different tasks with improved kinetic efficiencies. Light-activated micromotors are attractive systems that achieve improved motion and have the potential for high spatiotemporal control. Photophoretic swarming motion represents an attractive means to induce micromotor movement through the generation of temperature gradients in the medium, enabling the micromotors to move from cold to hot regions. The micromotors studied herein are assembled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaGdF4:Yb3+ and LiYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ upconverting nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were localized to one hemisphere to produce a Janus architecture that facilitates improved upconversion luminescence with the upconverting nanoparticles distributed throughout. Under 976 nm excitation, Fe3O4 nanoparticles generate the temperature gradient, while the upconverting nanoparticles produce visible light that is used for micromotor motion tracking and triggering of reactive oxygen species generation. As such, the motion and application of the micromotors are achieved using a single excitation wavelength. To demonstrate the practicality of this system, curcumin was adsorbed to the micromotor surface and degradation of Rhodamine B was achieved with kinetic rates that were over twice as fast as the static micromotors. The upconversion luminescence was also used to track the motion of the micromotors from a single image frame, providing a convenient means to understand the trajectory of these systems. Together, this system provides a versatile approach to achieving light-driven motion while taking advantage of the potential applications of upconversion luminescence such as tracking and detection, sensing, nanothermometry, particle velocimetry, photodynamic therapy, and pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena-Giraldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mannu Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Drozdowski A, Jurga N, Przybylska D, Brandmeier JC, Farka Z, Gorris HH, Grzyb T. Bright photon upconversion in LiYbF 4:Tm 3+@LiYF 4 nanoparticles and their application for singlet oxygen generation and in immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:49-57. [PMID: 37336153 PMCID: PMC10257885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is an intensively investigated phenomenon in the materials sciences due to its unique applications, mainly in biomedicine for disease prevention and treatment. This study reports the synthesis and properties of tetragonal LiYbF4:Tm3+@LiYF4 core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) and their applications. The NPs had sizes ranging from 18.5 to 23.7 nm. As a result of the energy transfer between Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions, the synthesized NPs show intense emission in the ultraviolet (UV) range up to 347 nm under 975 nm excitation. The bright emission in the UV range allows for singlet oxygen generation in the presence of hematoporphyrin on the surface of NPs. Our studies show that irradiation with a 975 nm laser of the functionalized NPs allows for the production of amounts of singlet oxygen easily detectable by Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green. The high emission intensity of NPs at 800 nm allowed the application of the synthesized NPs in an upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay (ULISA) for highly sensitive detection of the nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Covid-19. This article proves that LiYbF4:Tm3+@LiYF4 core@shell nanoparticles can be perfect alternatives for the most commonly studied upconverting NPs based on the NaYF4 host compound and are good candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Drozdowski
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Natalia Jurga
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Grzyb
- Department of Rare Earths, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
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Quezada-Novoa V, Titi HM, Villanueva FY, Wilson MWB, Howarth AJ. The Effect of Linker-to-Metal Energy Transfer on the Photooxidation Performance of an Isostructural Series of Pyrene-Based Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302173. [PMID: 37116124 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The tetratopic linker, 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene (H4 TBAPy) along with rare-earth (RE) ions is used for the synthesis of 9 isostructures of a metal-organic framework (MOF) with shp topology, named RE-CU-10 (RE = Y(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III), and Lu(III)). The synthesis of each RE-CU-10 analogue requires different reaction conditions to achieve phase pure products. Single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of a RE9 -cluster in Y- to Tm-CU-10, while a RE11 -cluster is observed for Yb- and Lu-CU-10. The photooxidation performance of RE-CU-10 analogues is evaluated, observing competition between linker-to-metal energy transfer versus the generation of singlet oxygen. The singlet oxygen produced is used to detoxify a mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide, with half-lives ranging from 4.0 to 5.8 min, some of the fastest reported to date using UV-irradiation and < 1 mol% catalyst, in methanol under O2 saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Quezada-Novoa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Mark W B Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashlee J Howarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Akasov R, Khaydukov EV, Yamada M, Zvyagin AV, Leelahavanichkul A, Leanse LG, Dai T, Prow T. Nanoparticle enhanced blue light therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114198. [PMID: 35301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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López de Guereñu A, Klier DT, Haubitz T, Kumke MU. Influence of Gd 3+ doping concentration on the properties of Na(Y,Gd)F 4:Yb 3+, Tm 3+ upconverting nanoparticles and their long-term aging behavior. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:235-245. [PMID: 35001348 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a systematic study on the properties of Na(Y,Gd)F4-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) doped with 18% Yb3+, 2% Tm3+, and the influence of Gd3+ (10-50 mol% Gd3+). UCNP were synthesized via the solvothermal method and had a range of diameters within 13 and 50 nm. Structural and photophysical changes were monitored for the UCNP samples after a 24-month incubation period in dry phase and further redispersion. Structural characterization was performed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the upconversion luminescence (UCL) studies were executed at various temperatures (from 4 to 295 K) using time-resolved and steady-state spectroscopy. An increase in the hexagonal lattice phase with the increase of Gd3+ content was found, although the cubic phase was prevalent in most samples. The Tm3+-luminescence intensity as well as the Tm3+-luminescence decay times peaked at the Gd3+ concentration of 30 mol%. Although the general upconverting luminescence properties of the nanoparticles were preserved, the 24-month incubation period lead to irreversible agglomeration of the UCNP and changes in luminescence band ratios and lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna López de Guereñu
- Institute of Chemistry (Optical Sensing and Spectroscopy), University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dennis T Klier
- ORAFOL Europe GmbH, Orafolstraße 2, 16515, Oranienburg, Germany
| | - Toni Haubitz
- Institute of Chemistry (Optical Sensing and Spectroscopy), University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael U Kumke
- Institute of Chemistry (Optical Sensing and Spectroscopy), University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Mandl GA, Van der Heggen D, Cooper DR, Joos JJ, Seuntjens J, Smet PF, Capobianco JA. On a local (de-)trapping model for highly doped Pr 3+ radioluminescent and persistent luminescent nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20759-20766. [PMID: 33030192 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06577c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent praseodymium exhibits a wide range of luminescent phenomena when doped into a variety of different materials. Herein, radioluminescent NaLuF4:20%Pr3+ nanoparticles are studied. Four different samples of this composition were prepared ranging from 400-70 nm in size. Kinetic studies of radioluminescence as a function of X-ray irradiation time revealed a decrease in the emissions originating from the 1S0 level, due to the formation or optical activation of defects during excitation, and a simultaneous increase in the visible emissions resulting from the lower optical levels. Thermoluminescence measurements elucidated that a local de-trapping mechanism was responsible for the increase in steady state emission and persistent luminescence originating from the lower optical levels. The results and mechanism described through this study serve to provide a novel nanoparticle composition with versatile luminescent properties and provides experimental evidence in favor of a local trapping model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Mandl
- Concordia University Centre for NanoScience Research, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - David Van der Heggen
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel R Cooper
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jonas J Joos
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Philippe F Smet
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John A Capobianco
- Concordia University Centre for NanoScience Research, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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