1
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Fonseca J, Diederich GM, Ovchinnikov D, Yan J, Xiao D, Xu X. Picosecond Ultrasonics in Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 2Te 4. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10562-10568. [PMID: 39159397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
MnBi2Te4 is a magnetic topological insulator with layered A-type antiferromagnetic order. It exhibits a rich layer- and magnetic-state dependent topological phase diagram; however, much about the coupling between spin, charge, and lattice remains to be explored. In this work, we report that MnBi2Te4 is an excellent acoustic phonon cavity by realizing phonon frequency combs using picosecond ultrasonics. With the generated acoustic phonon wavepackets, we demonstrate that the timing and phase of acoustic echoes can be used to detect the presence of stacking faults between van der Waals layers buried deep within the crystal. Furthermore, by implementing this nondestructive ultrafast optical measurement in conjunction with time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect experiments, we uncover that out-of-plane vibrations in MnBi2Te4 do not couple to the magnetic order, i.e. there is no appreciable magnetostriction. Our work points out how a well-developed technique can probe the structural defects and phonon pulse engineering in layered topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Diederich
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dmitry Ovchinnikov
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiaqiang Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Yoon Y, Lu Z, Uzundal C, Qi R, Zhao W, Chen S, Feng Q, Kim W, Naik MH, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Wang F. Terahertz phonon engineering with van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 2024; 631:771-776. [PMID: 38926584 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Phonon engineering at gigahertz frequencies forms the foundation of microwave acoustic filters1, acousto-optic modulators2 and quantum transducers3,4. Terahertz phonon engineering could lead to acoustic filters and modulators at higher bandwidth and speed, as well as quantum circuits operating at higher temperatures. Despite their potential, methods for engineering terahertz phonons have been limited due to the challenges of achieving the required material control at subnanometre precision and efficient phonon coupling at terahertz frequencies. Here we demonstrate the efficient generation, detection and manipulation of terahertz phonons through precise integration of atomically thin layers in van der Waals heterostructures. We used few-layer graphene as an ultrabroadband phonon transducer that converts femtosecond near-infrared pulses to acoustic-phonon pulses with spectral content up to 3 THz. A monolayer WSe2 is used as a sensor. The high-fidelity readout was enabled by the exciton-phonon coupling and strong light-matter interactions. By combining these capabilities in a single heterostructure and detecting responses to incident mechanical waves, we performed terahertz phononic spectroscopy. Using this platform, we demonstrate high-Q terahertz phononic cavities and show that a WSe2 monolayer embedded in hexagonal boron nitride can efficiently block the transmission of terahertz phonons. By comparing our measurements to a nanomechanical model, we obtained the force constants at the heterointerfaces. Our results could enable terahertz phononic metamaterials for ultrabroadband acoustic filters and modulators and could open new routes for thermal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseob Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zheyu Lu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Can Uzundal
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ruishi Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sudi Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qixin Feng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Woochang Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mit H Naik
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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4
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Carr AD, Ruppert C, Samusev AK, Magnabosco G, Vogel N, Linnik TL, Rushforth AW, Bayer M, Scherbakov AV, Akimov AV. Enhanced Photon-Phonon Interaction in WSe 2 Acoustic Nanocavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1147-1155. [PMID: 38523745 PMCID: PMC10958595 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic nanocavities (ANCs) with resonance frequencies much above 1 GHz are prospective to be exploited in sensors and quantum operating devices. Nowadays, acoustic nanocavities fabricated from van der Waals (vdW) nanolayers allow them to exhibit resonance frequencies of the breathing acoustic mode up to f ∼ 1 THz and quality factors up to Q ∼ 103. For such high acoustic frequencies, electrical methods fail, and optical techniques are used for the generation and detection of coherent phonons. Here, we study experimentally acoustic nanocavities fabricated from WSe2 layers with thicknesses from 8 up to 130 nm deposited onto silica colloidal crystals. The substrate provides a strong mechanical support for the layers while keeping their acoustic properties the same as in membranes. We concentrate on experimental and theoretical studies of the amplitude of the optically measured acoustic signal from the breathing mode, which is the most important characteristic for acousto-optical devices. We probe the acoustic signal optically with a single wavelength in the vicinity of the exciton resonance and measure the relative changes in the reflectivity induced by coherent phonons up to 3 × 10-4 for f ∼ 100 GHz. We reveal the enhancement of photon-phonon interaction for a wide range of acoustic frequencies and show high sensitivity of the signal amplitude to the photoelastic constants governed by the deformation potential and dielectric function for photon energies near the exciton resonance. We also reveal a resonance in the photoelastic response (we call it photoelastic resonance) in the nanolayers with thickness close to the Bragg condition. The estimates show the capability of acoustic nanocavities with an exciton resonance for operations with high-frequency single phonons at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Carr
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Claudia Ruppert
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anton K. Samusev
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tetiana L. Linnik
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, V.E. Lashkaryov
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrew W. Rushforth
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Scherbakov
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Akimov
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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5
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Zhou F, Liu H, Zajac M, Hwangbo K, Jiang Q, Chu JH, Xu X, Arslan I, Gage TE, Wen H. Ultrafast Nanoimaging of Spin-Mediated Shear Waves in an Acoustic Cavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10213-10220. [PMID: 37910440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong spin-lattice coupling in van der Waals (vdW) magnets shows potential for innovative magneto-mechanical applications. Here, nanoscale and picosecond imaging by ultrafast electron microscopy reveal heterogeneous spin-mediated coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in a thin-film cavity of the vdW antiferromagnet FePS3. The harmonics of the interlayer shear acoustic modes are observed, in which the even and odd harmonics exhibit distinct nanoscopic dynamics. Corroborated by acoustic wave simulation, the role of defects in forming even harmonics is elucidated. Above the Néel temperature (TN), the interlayer shear acoustic harmonics are suppressed, while the in-plane traveling wave is predominantly excited. The dominant acoustic dynamics shifts from the out-of-plane shear to the in-plane traveling wave across TN, demonstrating that magnetic properties can influence phonon scattering pathways. The spatiotemporally resolved structural characterization provides valuable nanoscopic insights for interlayer-shear-mode-based acoustic cavities, opening up possibilities for magneto-mechanical applications of vdW magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faran Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haihua Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kyle Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qianni Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ilke Arslan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas E Gage
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haidan Wen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Zhang Y, Li J, Wang W, Tian H, Gao W, Li J, Sun S, Yang H. Simulation of ultrafast electron diffraction intensity under coherent acoustic phonons. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064102. [PMID: 38026579 PMCID: PMC10645478 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast electron diffraction has been proven to be a powerful tool for the study of coherent acoustic phonons owing to its high sensitivity to crystal structures. However, this sensitivity leads to complicated behavior of the diffraction intensity, which complicates the analysis process of phonons, especially higher harmonics. Here, we theoretically analyze the effects of photoinduced coherent transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonons on electron diffraction to provide a guide for the exploitation and modulation of coherent phonons. The simulation of the electron diffraction was performed in 30-nm films with different optical penetration depths based on the atomic displacements obtained by solving the wave equation. The simulation results exhibit a complex relationship between the frequencies of the phonons and diffraction signals, which highly depends on the laser penetration depth, sample thickness, and temporal stress distribution. In addition, an intensity decomposition method is proposed to account for the in-phase oscillation and high harmonics caused by inhomogeneous excitation. These results can provide new perspectives and insights for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the lattice response under coherent phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jianqi Li
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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7
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Li C, Scherbakov AV, Soubelet P, Samusev AK, Ruppert C, Balakrishnan N, Gusev VE, Stier AV, Finley JJ, Bayer M, Akimov AV. Coherent Phonons in van der Waals MoSe 2/WSe 2 Heterobilayers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8186-8193. [PMID: 37603607 PMCID: PMC10510584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The increasing role of two-dimensional (2D) devices requires the development of new techniques for ultrafast control of physical properties in 2D van der Waals (vdW) nanolayers. A special feature of heterobilayers assembled from vdW monolayers is femtosecond separation of photoexcited electrons and holes between the neighboring layers, resulting in the formation of Coulomb force. Using laser pulses, we generate a 0.8 THz coherent breathing mode in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers, which modulates the thickness of the heterobilayer and should modulate the photogenerated electric field in the vdW gap. While the phonon frequency and decay time are independent of the stacking angle between the MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers, the amplitude decreases at intermediate angles, which is explained by a decrease in the photogenerated electric field between the layers. The modulation of the vdW gap by coherent phonons enables a new technology for the generation of THz radiation in 2D nanodevices with vdW heterobilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Li
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Laboratoire
d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM),
UMR CNRS 6613, Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Alexey V. Scherbakov
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pedro Soubelet
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anton K. Samusev
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruppert
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nilanthy Balakrishnan
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele
University, Keele ST5 5BG, United
Kingdom
| | - Vitalyi E. Gusev
- Laboratoire
d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM),
UMR CNRS 6613, Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Andreas V. Stier
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Akimov
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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8
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Wang PJ, Chang CJ, Lin SY, Sheu JK, Sun CK. Temporally probing the thermal phonon and charge transfer induced out-of-plane acoustical displacement of monolayer and bi-layer MoS 2/GaN heterojunction. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100477. [PMID: 37063309 PMCID: PMC10091029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustical behavior of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides determines the heat transfer pathway, and thus plays a crucial role in the electronics and optoelectronics design. In this research, van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) consisting of transferred monolayer and bi-layer MoS2 on GaN substrate were studied. We observed an asymmetric bipolar acoustic strain wave with ∼5 ps duration, which describes the surface of substrate undergoing strong compressive deformation after weak tensile deformation in the out-of-plane direction. We developed a theory to explain the mechanisms responsible for the observed strain waveform in the vdWHs elastic system, and obtained the critical parameters of the carrier dynamics by temporal fitting. Our results not only report a coherent acoustic phonon generated in the vdWHs, which will complement our understanding of the thermal transfer at the 2D/substrate interface, but also provide information about the intrinsic properties in the vdWHs, which would benefit the design of the 2D-based devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jui Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Kong Sheu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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9
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Qian C, Villafañe V, Petrić MM, Soubelet P, Stier AV, Finley JJ. Coupling of MoS_{2} Excitons with Lattice Phonons and Cavity Vibrational Phonons in Hybrid Nanobeam Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:126901. [PMID: 37027879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report resonant Raman spectroscopy of neutral excitons X^{0} and intravalley trions X^{-} in hBN-encapsulated MoS_{2} monolayer embedded in a nanobeam cavity. By temperature tuning the detuning between Raman modes of MoS_{2} lattice phonons and X^{0}/X^{-} emission peaks, we probe the mutual coupling of excitons, lattice phonons and cavity vibrational phonons. We observe an enhancement of X^{0}-induced Raman scattering and a suppression for X^{-}-induced, and explain our findings as arising from the tripartite exciton-phonon-phonon coupling. The cavity vibrational phonons provide intermediate replica states of X^{0} for resonance conditions in the scattering of lattice phonons, thus enhancing the Raman intensity. In contrast, the tripartite coupling involving X^{-} is found to be much weaker, an observation explained by the geometry-dependent polarity of the electron and hole deformation potentials. Our results indicate that phononic hybridization between lattice and nanomechanical modes plays a key role in the excitonic photophysics and light-matter interaction in 2D-material nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiang Qian
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Viviana Villafañe
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marko M Petrić
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pedro Soubelet
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas V Stier
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Babar ZUD, Raza A, Cassinese A, Iannotti V. Two Dimensional Heterostructures for Optoelectronics: Current Status and Future Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:2275. [PMID: 36903520 PMCID: PMC10005545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have found various families of two-dimensional (2D) materials and associated heterostructures through detailed theoretical work and experimental efforts. Such primitive studies provide a framework to investigate novel physical/chemical characteristics and technological aspects from micro to nano and pico scale. Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures can be obtained to enable high-frequency broadband through a sophisticated combination of stacking order, orientation, and interlayer interactions. These heterostructures have been the focus of much recent research due to their potential applications in optoelectronics. Growing the layers of one kind of 2D material over the other, controlling absorption spectra via external bias, and external doping proposes an additional degree of freedom to modulate the properties of such materials. This mini review focuses on current state-of-the-art material design, manufacturing techniques, and strategies to design novel heterostructures. In addition to a discussion of fabrication techniques, it includes a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and optical properties of vdW heterostructures (vdWHs), particularly emphasizing the energy-band alignment. In the following sections, we discuss specific optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photovoltaics, acoustic cavities, and biomedical photodetectors. Furthermore, this also includes a discussion of four different 2D-based photodetector configurations according to their stacking order. Moreover, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed in order to realize the full potential of these materials for optoelectronics applications. Finally, as future perspectives, we present some key directions and express our subjective assessment of upcoming trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ud Din Babar
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), University of Naples Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassinese
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- CNR–SPIN (Institute for Superconductors, Oxides and Other Innovative Materials and Devices), Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iannotti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- CNR–SPIN (Institute for Superconductors, Oxides and Other Innovative Materials and Devices), Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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11
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Nie X, Wu X, Wang Y, Ban S, Lei Z, Yi J, Liu Y, Liu Y. Surface acoustic wave induced phenomena in two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:158-175. [PMID: 36448884 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-matter interaction provides a fascinating key for inducing and manipulating novel phenomena and functionalities in two-dimensional (2D) materials. The dynamic strain field and piezo-electric field associated with propagating SAWs determine the coherent manipulation and transduction between 2D excitons and phonons. Over the past decade, many intriguing acoustic-induced effects, including the acousto-electric effect, acousto-galvanic effect, acoustic Stark effect, acoustic Hall effect and acoustic exciton transport, have been reported experimentally. However, many more phenomena, such as the valley acousto-electric effect, valley acousto-electric Hall effect and acoustic spin Hall effect, were only theoretically proposed, the experimental verification of which are yet to be achieved. In this minireview, we attempt to overview the recent breakthrough of SAW-induced phenomena covering acoustic charge transport, acoustic exciton transport and modulation, and coherent acoustic phonons. Perspectives on the opportunities of the proposed SAW-induced phenomena, as well as open experimental challenges, are also discussed, attempting to offer some guidelines for experimentalists and theorists to explore the desired exotic properties and boost practical applications of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Nie
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Siyuan Ban
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Jincheng, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211156, China.
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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12
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Wang PJ, Tsai PC, Yang ZS, Lin SY, Sun CK. Revealing the interlayer van der Waals coupling of bi-layer and tri-layer MoS 2 using terahertz coherent phonon spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100412. [PMID: 36281319 PMCID: PMC9587369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we applied THz coherent phonon spectroscopy to optically probe the vibrational modes of the epitaxially-grown bi-layer and tri-layer MoS2 on sapphire substrate. The layers' THz vibration is displacively stimulated and temporally retrieved by near-UV femtosecond laser pulses, revealing Raman-active and Raman-inactive modes in one measurement. With the complete breathing modes revealed, here we extend the linear chain model by considering the elastic contact with the substrate and vdWs coupling of the next nearest MoS2 layer to analyze the effective spring constants. We further considered the intralayer stiffness as a correction term to acquire the actual interlayer vdWs coupling. Our THz phonon spectroscopy results indicate the interlayer spring constants of 9.03 × 1019 N/m3 and 9.86 × 1019 N/m3 for bi-layer and tri-layer respectively. The extended model further suggests that a non-negligible substrate mechanical coupling and next nearest neighbor vdWs coupling of 1.48 × 1019 N/m3 and 1.04 × 1019 N/m3 have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jui Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Sian Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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13
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Ng RC, El Sachat A, Cespedes F, Poblet M, Madiot G, Jaramillo-Fernandez J, Florez O, Xiao P, Sledzinska M, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Excitation and detection of acoustic phonons in nanoscale systems. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13428-13451. [PMID: 36082529 PMCID: PMC9520674 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phonons play a key role in the physical properties of materials, and have long been a topic of study in physics. While the effects of phonons had historically been considered to be a hindrance, modern research has shown that phonons can be exploited due to their ability to couple to other excitations and consequently affect the thermal, dielectric, and electronic properties of solid state systems, greatly motivating the engineering of phononic structures. Advances in nanofabrication have allowed for structuring and phonon confinement even down to the nanoscale, drastically changing material properties. Despite developments in fabricating such nanoscale devices, the proper manipulation and characterization of phonons continues to be challenging. However, a fundamental understanding of these processes could enable the realization of key applications in diverse fields such as topological phononics, information technologies, sensing, and quantum electrodynamics, especially when integrated with existing electronic and photonic devices. Here, we highlight seven of the available methods for the excitation and detection of acoustic phonons and vibrations in solid materials, as well as advantages, disadvantages, and additional considerations related to their application. We then provide perspectives towards open challenges in nanophononics and how the additional understanding granted by these techniques could serve to enable the next generation of phononic technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Ng
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Cespedes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Poblet
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guilhem Madiot
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juliana Jaramillo-Fernandez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Omar Florez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peng Xiao
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Sledzinska
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clivia M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Park TG, Oh ET, Kim S, Ou Y, Moodera J, Kim H, Rotermund F. Ultrafast formation of quantized interlayer vibrations in Bi 2Se 3 by photoinduced strain waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35988-35998. [PMID: 36258537 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigated the coherent lattice dynamics in Bi2Se3 by ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy with tunable near-infrared probe pulses. Sample-thickness- and probe-wavelength-dependent experiments revealed the key role of Bi2Se3 optical property in the generation and detection of photoinduced strain waves, whose confinement initiated coherent interlayer vibrations. Furthermore, the frequency and lifetime of the interlayer vibrations could be quantitatively explained with a modified linear chain and an acoustic mismatch model considering elastic coupling at sample-substrate interfaces. The results of this work provide insights for analyzing and interpreting, through ultrafast optical spectroscopy, nanomechanical interactions in layered materials.
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15
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Yan W, Akimov AV, Barra-Burillo M, Bayer M, Bradford J, Gusev VE, Hueso LE, Kent A, Kukhtaruk S, Nadzeyka A, Patanè A, Rushforth AW, Scherbakov AV, Yaremkevich DD, Linnik TL. Coherent Phononics of van der Waals Layers on Nanogratings. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6509-6515. [PMID: 35960261 PMCID: PMC9413225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering can be used to control the physical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals (2D-vdW) crystals. Coherent phonons, which carry dynamical strain, could push strain engineering to control classical and quantum phenomena in the unexplored picosecond temporal and nanometer spatial regimes. This intriguing approach requires the use of coherent GHz and sub-THz 2D phonons. Here, we report on nanostructures that combine nanometer thick vdW layers and nanogratings. Using an ultrafast pump-probe technique, we generate and detect in-plane coherent phonons with frequency up to 40 GHz and hybrid flexural phonons with frequency up to 10 GHz. The latter arises from the periodic modulation of the elastic coupling of the vdW layer at the grooves and ridges of the nanograting. This creates a new type of a tailorable 2D periodic phononic nanoobject, a flexural phononic crystal, offering exciting prospects for the ultrafast manipulation of states in 2D materials in emerging quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V. Akimov
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - María Barra-Burillo
- CIC
nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bradford
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vitalyi E. Gusev
- Laboratoire
d’Acoustique de l’Uiversité du Mans (LAUM), UMR
6613, Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Luis E. Hueso
- CIC
nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country Spain
| | - Anthony Kent
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Serhii Kukhtaruk
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, V.E. Lashkaryov
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Pr. Nauky 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Achim Nadzeyka
- Raith
GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee
8, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amalia Patanè
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Rushforth
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey V. Scherbakov
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmytro D. Yaremkevich
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tetiana L. Linnik
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, V.E. Lashkaryov
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Pr. Nauky 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
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16
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Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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17
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Huo CF, Wen R, Yan XQ, Li DK, Huang KX, Zhu Y, Cui Q, Xu C, Liu ZB, Tian JG. Thickness-dependent ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics and coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in mechanically exfoliated PdSe 2 flakes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20666-20674. [PMID: 34515274 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) has emerged as a promising material with potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to its intriguing electronic and optical properties. The performance of the device is strongly dependent on the charge-carrier dynamics and the related hot phonon behavior. Here, we investigate the photoexcited-carrier dynamics and coherent acoustic phonon (CAP) oscillations in mechanically exfoliated PdSe2 flakes with a thickness ranging from 10.6 nm to 54 nm using time-resolved non-degenerate pump-probe transient reflection (TR) spectroscopy. The results imply that the CAP frequency is thickness-dependent. Polarization-resolved transient reflection (PRTR) measurements reveal the isotropic charge-carrier relaxation dynamics and the CAP frequency in the 10.6 nm region. In addition, the deformation potential (DP) mechanism dominates the generation of the CAP. Moreover, a sound velocity of 6.78 × 103 m s-1 is extracted from the variation of the oscillation period with the flake thickness and the delay time of the acoustic echo. These results provide insight into the ultrafast optical coherent acoustic phonon and optoelectronic properties of PdSe2 and may open new possibilities for PdSe2 applications in THz-frequency mechanical resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fu Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Rui Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - De-Kang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Kai-Xuan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiannan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. .,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,The collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. .,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,The collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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18
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Babacic V, Saleta Reig D, Varghese S, Vasileiadis T, Coy E, Tielrooij KJ, Graczykowski B. Thickness-Dependent Elastic Softening of Few-Layer Free-Standing MoSe 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008614. [PMID: 33938047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively investigated in terms of their exceptional electronic, optoelectronic, optical, and thermal properties. Simultaneously, a complete evaluation of their mechanical properties remains an undeniable challenge due to the small lateral sizes of samples and the limitations of experimental tools. In particular, there is no systematic experimental study providing unambiguous evidence on whether the reduction of vdW thickness down to few layers results in elastic softening or stiffening with respect to the bulk. In this work, micro-Brillouin light scattering is employed to investigate the anisotropic elastic properties of single-crystal free-standing 2H-MoSe2 as a function of thickness, down to three molecular layers. The so-called elastic size effect, that is, significant and systematic elastic softening of the material with decreasing numbers of layers is reported. In addition, this approach allows for a complete mechanical examination of few-layer membranes, that is, their elasticity, residual stress, and thickness, which can be easily extended to other vdW materials. The presented results shed new light on the ongoing debate on the elastic size-effect and are relevant for performance and durability of implementation of vdW materials as resonators, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Babacic
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - David Saleta Reig
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Sebin Varghese
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Zalalutdinov MK, Robinson JT, Fonseca JJ, LaGasse SW, Pandey T, Lindsay LR, Reinecke TL, Photiadis DM, Culbertson JC, Cress CD, Houston BH. Acoustic cavities in 2D heterostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3267. [PMID: 34075055 PMCID: PMC8169679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique opportunities in engineering the ultrafast spatiotemporal response of composite nanomechanical structures. In this work, we report on high frequency, high quality factor (Q) 2D acoustic cavities operating in the 50-600 GHz frequency (f) range with f × Q up to 1 × 1014. Monolayer steps and material interfaces expand cavity functionality, as demonstrated by building adjacent cavities that are isolated or strongly-coupled, as well as a frequency comb generator in MoS2/h-BN systems. Energy dissipation measurements in 2D cavities are compared with attenuation derived from phonon-phonon scattering rates calculated using a fully microscopic ab initio approach. Phonon lifetime calculations extended to low frequencies (<1 THz) and combined with sound propagation analysis in ultrathin plates provide a framework for designing acoustic cavities that approach their fundamental performance limit. These results provide a pathway for developing platforms employing phonon-based signal processing and for exploring the quantum nature of phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose J Fonseca
- NRC Postdoctoral Fellow at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel W LaGasse
- NRC Postdoctoral Fellow at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Lucas R Lindsay
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cory D Cress
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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20
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Vialla F, Del Fatti N. Time-Domain Investigations of Coherent Phonons in van der Waals Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2543. [PMID: 33348750 PMCID: PMC7766349 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Coherent phonons can be launched in materials upon localized pulsed optical excitation, and be subsequently followed in time-domain, with a sub-picosecond resolution, using a time-delayed pulsed probe. This technique yields characterization of mechanical, optical, and electronic properties at the nanoscale, and is taken advantage of for investigations in material science, physics, chemistry, and biology. Here we review the use of this experimental method applied to the emerging field of homo- and heterostructures of van der Waals materials. Their unique structure corresponding to non-covalently stacked atomically thin layers allows for the study of original structural configurations, down to one-atom-thin films free of interface defect. The generation and relaxation of coherent optical phonons, as well as propagative and resonant breathing acoustic phonons, are comprehensively discussed. This approach opens new avenues for the in situ characterization of these novel materials, the observation and modulation of exotic phenomena, and advances in the field of acoustics microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Vialla
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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