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Liu K, Réhault J, Liang B, Hambsch M, Zhang Y, Seçkin S, Zhou Y, Shivhare R, Zhang P, Polozij M, König TAF, Qi H, Zhou S, Fery A, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Heine T, Banerji N, Dong R, Feng X. A Quasi-2D Polypyrrole Film with Band-Like Transport Behavior and High Charge-Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303288. [PMID: 37468165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-2D (q2D) conjugated polymers (CPs) are polymers that consist of linear CP chains assembled through non-covalent interactions to form a layered structure. In this work, the synthesis of a novel crystalline q2D polypyrrole (q2DPPy) film at the air/H2 SO4 (95%) interface is reported. The unique interfacial environment facilitates chain extension, prevents disorder, and results in a crystalline, layered assembly of protonated quinoidal chains with a fully extended conformation in its crystalline domains. This unique structure features highly delocalized π-electron systems within the extended chains, which is responsible for the low effective mass and narrow electronic bandgap. Thus, the temperature-dependent charge-transport properties of q2DPPy are investigated using the van der Pauw (vdP) method and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The vdP method reveals that the q2DPPy film exhibits a semiconducting behavior with a thermally activated hopping mechanism in long-range transport between the electrodes. Conversely, THz-TDS reveals a band-like transport, indicating intrinsic charge transport up to a record short-range high THz mobility of ≈107.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Julien Réhault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Baokun Liang
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sezer Seçkin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rishi Shivhare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Peng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miroslav Polozij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig Research Branch, 04316, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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Polypyrrole Nanomaterials: Structure, Preparation and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235139. [PMID: 36501534 PMCID: PMC9738686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) has been widely studied because of its many specific properties, which have obvious advantages over bulk-structured PPy. This review outlines the main structures, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, potential applications, and future prospects of PPy nanomaterials. The preparation approaches include the soft micellar template method, hard physical template method and templateless method. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, environmental stability and reversible redox properties, PPy nanomaterials have potential applications in the fields of energy storage, biomedicine, sensors, adsorption and impurity removal, electromagnetic shielding, and corrosion resistant. Finally, the current difficulties and future opportunities in this research area are discussed.
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Chondath SK, Menamparambath MM. Interface-assisted synthesis: a gateway to effective nanostructure tuning of conducting polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:918-941. [PMID: 36133281 PMCID: PMC9419666 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interface-assisted polymerization technique can be viewed as a powerful emerging tool for the synthesis of conducting polymers (CPs) on a large scale. Contrary to other bulk or single-phase polymerization techniques, interface-assisted synthesis strategies offer effective nanostructure control in a confined two-dimensional (2-D) space. This review focuses on the types of interfaces, mechanism at the interface, advantages and future perspectives of the interfacial polymerization in comparison to conventional polymerization techniques. Hence, the primary focus is on briefing the different types of the chemical methods of polymerization, followed by uniqueness in the reaction dynamics of interface polymerization. The classification of interfaces into four types (liquid/solid, gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, and gas/solid) is based on the versatility and underlying mechanistic pathway of the polymerization of each type. The role of interface in tuning the nanostructure of CPs and the performance evaluation of pristine CPs based on the electrical conductivity are also discussed. Finally, the future outlook of this emerging field is discussed and proposed in detail through some multifunctional applications of synthesized conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Kaladi Chondath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673601 Kerala India
| | - Mini Mol Menamparambath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673601 Kerala India
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Comparative Study on the Effect of Protonation Control for Resistive Gas Sensor Based on Close-Packed Polypyrrole Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are often used as sensor electrodes due to their conjugated chain structure, which leads to high sensitivity and rapid response at room temperature. Numerous studies have been conducted on the structures of conducting polymer nanomaterials to increase the active surface area for the target materials. However, studies on the control of the chemical state of conducting polymer chains and the modification of the sensing signal transfer with these changes have not been reported. In this work, polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPyNPs), where is PPy is a conducting polymer, are applied as a sensor transducer to analyze the chemical sensing ability of the electrode. In particular, the protonation of PPy is adjusted by chemical methods to modify the transfer sensing signals with changes in the polymer chain structure. The PPyNPs that were modified at pH 1 exhibit high sensitivity to the target analyte (down to 1 ppb of NH3) with short response and recovery times of less than 20 s and 50 s, respectively, at 25 °C.
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Devi R, Tapadia K, Maharana T. Casting of carbon cloth enrobed polypyrrole electrode for high electrochemical performances. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03122. [PMID: 31993515 PMCID: PMC6974773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the fabrication of a novel flexible and highly conductive PPy electrode. This was made by festooning PPy nanoparticles on carbon cloth (CC) by using chemical liquid process. The developed porous PPy@CC composite have good flexibility with low weight (1.1 mg) and high electrical conductivity (89 Ω-1cm-1). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the formation of PPy on carbon cloth. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveals that the PPy nanoparticles are encapsulated in carbon cloth. The fabricated carbon cloth has been used for solid-state symmetrical supercapacitors (SC) and low-cost material for electrode in potential energy storage devices. These film electrodes showed much superior electrochemical performance i.e. high stability under different current density, encouraging energy density, lower internal resistivity and higher specific capacitance. Synthesized flexible PPy@CC composite electrodes have brilliant applications in various kinds of electrochemical energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tungabidya Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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