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Wang X, Gao Y, Liu X, Xu H, Liu R, Song J, Li B, Shen H, Fan F. Strong high-energy exciton electroluminescence from the light holes of polytypic quantum dots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6334. [PMID: 39068151 PMCID: PMC11283451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
High-energy exciton emission could allow single-component multi-colour display or white light-emitting diodes. However, the thermal relaxation of high-energy excitons is much faster than the photon emission of them, making them non-emissive. Here, we report quantum dots with light hole-heavy hole splitting exhibiting strong high-energy exciton electroluminescence from high-lying light holes, opening a gate for high-performance multi-colour light sources. The high-energy electroluminescence can reach 44.5% of the band-edge heavy-hole exciton emission at an electron flux density Φe of 0.71 × 1019 s-1 cm-2 - 600 times lower than the photon flux density Φp (4.3 × 1021 s-1 cm-2) required for the similar ratio. Our simulation and experimental results suggest that the oscillator strength of heavy holes reduces more than that of light holes under electric fields. We attribute this as the main reason for strong light-hole electroluminescence. We observe this phenomenon in both CdxZn1-xSe-ZnS and CdSe-CdS core-shell quantum dots exhibiting large light hole-heavy hole splittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaojiao Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Fengjia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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2
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Ossia Y, Levi A, Chefetz N, Peleg A, Remennik S, Vakahi A, Banin U. Seeing is believing: Correlating optoelectronic functionality with atomic scale imaging of single semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134201. [PMID: 38573848 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A unique on-chip method for the direct correlation of optical properties, with atomic-scale chemical-structural characteristics for a single quantum dot (QD), is developed and utilized in various examples. This is based on performing single QD optical characterization on a modified glass substrate, followed by the extraction of the relevant region of interest by focused-ion-beam-scanning electron microscope processing into a lamella for high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization with atomic scale resolution. The direct correlation of the optical response under an electric field with STEM analysis of the same particle allows addressing several single particle phenomena: first, the direct correlation of single QD photoluminescence (PL) polarization and its response to the external field with the QD crystal lattice alignment, so far inferred indirectly; second, the identification of unique yet rare few-QD assemblies, correlated directly with their special spectroscopic optical characteristics, serving as a guide for future designed assemblies; and third, the study on the effect of metal island growth on the PL behavior of hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles, with relevance for their possible functionality in photocatalysis. This work, therefore, establishes the use of the direct on-chip optical-structural correlation method for numerous scenarios and timely questions in the field of QD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ossia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nadav Chefetz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amir Peleg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Atzmon Vakahi
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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3
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Huang J, Hu S, Kos D, Xiong Y, Jakob LA, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Guo C, Liz-Marzán LM, Baumberg JJ. Enhanced Photocurrent and Electrically Pumped Quantum Dot Emission from Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3323-3330. [PMID: 38215048 PMCID: PMC10832344 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Integrating cavity-enhanced colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into photonic chip devices would be transformative for advancing room-temperature optoelectronic and quantum photonic technologies. However, issues with efficiency, stability, and cost remain formidable challenges to reach the single antenna limit. Here, we present a bottom-up approach that delivers single QD-plasmonic nanoantennas with electrical addressability. These QD nanojunctions exhibit robust photoresponse characteristics, with plasmonically enhanced photocurrent spectra matching the QD solution absorption. We demonstrate electroluminescence from individual plasmonic nanoantennas, extending the device lifetime beyond 40 min by utilizing a 3 nm electron-blocking polymer layer. In addition, we reveal a giant voltage-dependent redshift of up to 62 meV due to the quantum-confined Stark effect and determine the exciton polarizability of the CdSe QD monolayer to be 4 × 10-5 meV/(kV/cm)2. These developments provide a foundation for accessing scalable quantum light sources and high-speed, tunable optoelectronic systems operating under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Shu Hu
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Yuling Xiong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Lukas A. Jakob
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Chenyang Guo
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 43009, Spain
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
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Ossia Y, Levi A, Panfil YE, Koley S, Scharf E, Chefetz N, Remennik S, Vakahi A, Banin U. Electric-field-induced colour switching in colloidal quantum dot molecules at room temperature. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1210-1217. [PMID: 37537354 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots are robust emitters implemented in numerous prototype and commercial optoelectronic devices. However, active fluorescence colour tuning, achieved so far by electric-field-induced Stark effect, has been limited to a small spectral range, and accompanied by intensity reduction due to the electron-hole charge separation effect. Utilizing quantum dot molecules that manifest two coupled emission centres, we present a unique electric-field-induced instantaneous colour-switching effect. Reversible emission colour switching without intensity loss is achieved on a single-particle level, as corroborated by correlated electron microscopy imaging. Simulations establish that this is due to the electron wavefunction toggling between the two centres, induced by the electric field, and affected by the coupling strength. Quantum dot molecules manifesting two coupled emission centres may be tailored to emit distinct colours, opening the path for sensitive field sensing and colour-switchable devices such as a novel pixel design for displays or an electric-field-induced colour-tunable single-photon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ossia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossef E Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Somnath Koley
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Scharf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Chefetz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atzmon Vakahi
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Cheng Y, Sun C, Chang Y, Wu J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Ge S, Li Z, Li X, Sun L, Zang D. Photoelectrochemical biosensor based on SiW 12@CdS quantum dots for the highly sensitive detection of HPV 16 DNA. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1193052. [PMID: 37388766 PMCID: PMC10303914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1193052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive biosensor for detecting HPV 16 DNA was prepared based on Keggin-type polyoxometalate (SiW12)-grafted CdS quantum dots (SiW12@CdS QDs) and colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which exhibited remarkable selectivity and sensitivity upon target DNA detection because of its excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) response. Here, an enhanced photoelectronic response ability was achieved with the strong association of SiW12@CdS QDs by polyoxometalate modification, which was developed through a convenient hydrothermal process. Furthermore, on Au NP-modified indium tin oxide slides, a multiple-site tripodal DNA walker sensing platform coupled with T7 exonuclease was successfully fabricated with SiW12@CdS QDs/NP DNA as a probe for detecting HPV 16 DNA. Due to the remarkable conductivity of Au NPs, the photosensitivity of the as-prepared biosensor was improved in an I3-/I- solution and avoided the use of other regents toxic to living organisms. Finally, under optimized conditions, the as-prepared biosensor protocol demonstrated wide linear ranges (15-130 nM), with a limit of detection of 0.8 nM and high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Moreover, the proposed PEC biosensor platform offers a reliable pathway for detecting other biological molecules with nano-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhua Chang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Suzhou KunTao Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Medical Materials and Biological Protective Devices, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dejin Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release System, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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6
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Zhang J, Lin Y, Liu L. Electron transfer in heterojunction catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7106-7119. [PMID: 36846919 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction catalysis, the cornerstone of the modern chemical industry, shows potential to tackle the growing energy and environmental crises. Electron transfer (ET) is ubiquitous in heterojunction catalysts, and it holds great promise for improving the catalytic efficiency by tuning the electronic structures or building internal electric fields at interfaces. This perspective summarizes the recent progress of catalysis involving ET in heterojunction catalysts and pinpoints its crucial role in catalytic mechanisms. We specifically highlight the occurrence, driving forces, and applications of ET in heterojunction catalysis. For corroborating the ET processes, common techniques with measurement principles are introduced. We end with the limitations of the current study on ET, and envision future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
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7
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Zheng M, Jia H, Zhao B, Zhang C, Dang Q, Ma H, Xu K, Tan Z. Gram-Scale Room-Temperature Synthesis of Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots for Bright Electroluminescent Light Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206715. [PMID: 36755182 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure will introduce structural defects, high energy consumption, and security risks, severely hindering the industrial application of organic carbon nanodots (CDs). Moreover, the aggregation caused quenching effect also fundamentally limits the CDs based electroluminescent light emitting diodes (LEDs). Herein, for the first time, a rapid one-step room temperature synthetic strategy is introduced to prepare highly emissive solid-state-fluorescent CDs (RT-CDs). A strong oxidizing agent, potassium periodate (KIO4 ), is adopted as a catalyst to facilitate the cyclization of o-phenylenediamine and 4-dimethylamino phenol in aqueous solution at room temperature for only 5 min. The resultant organic molecule, 2-(dimethylamino) phenazine, will self-assemble kinetically to generate supramolecular-structure CDs during crystallization. The elaborately arranged supramolecular structure (J aggregates) endows CDs with intense solid-state-fluorescence. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the excited state of RT-CDs exhibits charge transfer characteristic owing to the unique donor-Π-acceptor structure. A high-performance monochrome RT-CDs based electroluminescent LEDs (2967 cd m-2 and 1.38 cd A-1 ) were fabricated via systematic optimizations of device engineering. This work provides a concrete and feasible avenue for the rapid and massive preparation of CDs, advancing the commercialization of CDs based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qi Dang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kunxiang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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8
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Lee H, Kim D. Quantum Mechanical Analysis Based on Perturbation Theory of CdSe/ZnS Quantum-Dot Light-Emission Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203590. [PMID: 36296779 PMCID: PMC9611816 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simulation of quantum dot (QD) energy levels was designed to reproduce a quantum mechanical analytic method based on perturbation theory. A Schrödinger equation describing an electron-hole pair in a QD was solved, in consideration of the heterogeneity of the material parameters of the core and shell. The equation was solved numerically using single-particle basis sets to obtain the eigenstates and energies. This approach reproduced an analytic solution based on perturbation theory, while the calculation was performed using a numerical method. Owing to the effectiveness of the method, QD behavior according to the core diameter and external electric field intensity could be investigated reliably and easily. A 9.2 nm diameter CdSe/ZnS QD with a 4.2 nm diameter core and 2.5 nm thick shell emitted a 530 nm green light, according to an analysis of the effects of core diameter on energy levels. A 4 nm redshift at 5.4×105 V/cm electric field intensity was found while investigating the effects of external electric field on energy levels. These values agree well with previously reported experimental results. In addition to the energy levels and light emission wavelengths, the spatial distributions of wavefunctions were obtained. This analysis method is widely applicable for studying QD characteristics with varying structure and material compositions and should aid the development of high-performance QD technologies.
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9
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Zheng G, Wang T, Lou Q, Shen C, Wu M, Sun J, Ji W, Zang J, Liu K, Dong L, Shan C. Localized Excitonic Electroluminescence from Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1587-1595. [PMID: 35139310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Localized excitons are expected to achieve high-performance electroluminescence and have been widely investigated in GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Although carbon nanodot (CD) based LEDs have been achieved with the radiative recombination of electrons and holes, localized excitonic electroluminescence has been not reported before. In this Letter, localized excitonic electroluminescent devices have been fabricated using fluorescent CDs as an active layer. The CDs show strong localized excitonic yellow emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 76% and Stokes shift of 2.1 eV. The CD-based LEDs present a sub-bandgap turn-on voltage of 2.4 V and a maximum luminance of 60.2 cd m-2, which is the lowest driving voltage among the CD-based electroluminescent devices. Localized centers trap carriers effectively, resulting in sub-bandgap light emission. The current results manifest that localized excitons may furnish a promising approach to boost the development of CD-based LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsong Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Lab of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junlu Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenyu Ji
- Key Lab of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jinhao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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10
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Almohammed S, K. Orhan O, Daly S, O’Regan DD, Rodriguez BJ, Casey E, Rice JH. Electric Field Tunability of Photoluminescence from a Hybrid Peptide-Plasmonic Metal Microfabricated Chip. JACS AU 2021; 1:1987-1995. [PMID: 35574042 PMCID: PMC8611722 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of fluorescence through the application of plasmonic metal nanostructures has gained substantial research attention due to the widespread use of fluorescence-based measurements and devices. Using a microfabricated plasmonic silver nanoparticle-organic semiconductor platform, we show experimentally the enhancement of fluorescence intensity achieved through electro-optical synergy. Fluorophores located sufficiently near silver nanoparticles are combined with diphenylalanine nanotubes (FFNTs) and subjected to a DC electric field. It is proposed that the enhancement of the fluorescence signal arises from the application of the electric field along the length of the FFNTs, which stimulates the pairing of low-energy electrons in the FFNTs with the silver nanoparticles, enabling charge transport across the metal-semiconductor template that enhances the electromagnetic field of the plasmonic nanoparticles. Many-body perturbation theory calculations indicate that, furthermore, the charging of silver may enhance its plasmonic performance intrinsically at particular wavelengths, through band-structure effects. These studies demonstrate for the first time that field-activated plasmonic hybrid platforms can improve fluorescence-based detection beyond using plasmonic nanoparticles alone. In order to widen the use of this hybrid platform, we have applied it to enhance fluorescence from bovine serum albumin and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity was observed from both. The results obtained can provide a reference to be used in the development of biochemical sensors based on surface-enhanced fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Almohammed
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Okan K. Orhan
- School
of Physics, AMBER, and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Sorcha Daly
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - David D. O’Regan
- School
of Physics, AMBER, and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Eoin Casey
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - James H. Rice
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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11
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Porotnikov D, Harankahage D, Ellison C, Yang M, Cassidy J, Zamkov M. Photoinduced Rotation of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals in an Electric Field. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4787-4794. [PMID: 34038138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that solution-phase semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) undergo photoinduced rotation in an external electric field. Present measurements backed by theoretical calculations show that the rotation of colloidal NCs is driven by the excited-state dipole moment, which is counterbalanced by the solvent viscosity drag. Corresponding angular velocities range from 0.5°/ns for cubic CsPbBr3 NCs to 3°/ns for nanoparticles with a large photoinduced charge separation (CdSe/CdS core-shell and dot-in-a-rod NCs). Because of photoinduced rotation, solution-phase semiconductor NCs exhibited an order-of-magnitude increase in the spectral changes caused by the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE), compared to solid NC assemblies. The enhanced QCSE of colloidal NCs reflected their global alignment in solution, which could be retained in a solid environment by slow crystallization. Overall, we expect that the demonstrated phenomenon of the colloidal nanocrystal rotation in an electric field will open up new avenues for developing electro-optical and voltage-sensitive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Porotnikov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Dulanjan Harankahage
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Cole Ellison
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Mingrui Yang
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - James Cassidy
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Mikhail Zamkov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Physics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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12
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Yin Z, Leng J, Wang S, Liang G, Tian W, Wu K, Jin S. Auger-Assisted Electron Transfer between Adjacent Quantum Wells in Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4725-4731. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441053, China
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Han X, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Guo W, Bai X, Huang P, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Ma Y, Zhong H, Xiao L, Jia S. Blinking Mechanisms and Intrinsic Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Single Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005435. [PMID: 33236844 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for next-generation photoelectric devices because of their low preparation costs and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this study, the blinking mechanisms and the intrinsic quantum-confined Stark effect (IQCSE) in single organic-inorganic hybrid CH3 NH3 PbBr3 perovskite QDs using single-dot photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is investigated. The PL quantum yield-recombination rates distribution map allows the identification of different PL blinking mechanisms and their respective contributions to the PL emission behavior. A strong correlation between the excitation power and the blinking mechanisms is reported. Most single QDs exhibit band-edge carrier blinking under a low excitation photon fluence. While under a high excitation photon fluence, different proportions of Auger-blinking emerge in their PL intensity trajectories. In particular, significant IQCSEs in the QDs that exhibit more pronounced Auger-blinking are observed. Based on these findings, an Auger-induced IQCSE model to explain the observed IQCSE phenomena is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China
| | - Changgang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiuqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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14
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Hinterding SM, Vonk SJW, van Harten EJ, Rabouw FT. Dynamics of Intermittent Delayed Emission in Single CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4755-4761. [PMID: 32459489 PMCID: PMC7309328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bright and fast fluorescence makes semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), appealing for applications ranging from biomedical research to display screens. However, a few percent of their fluorescence intensity is surprisingly slow. Research into this "delayed emission" has been scarce, despite undesired consequences for some applications and potential opportunities for others. Here, we characterize the dynamics of delayed emission exhibited by individual CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs and correlate these with changes in the emission spectrum. The delayed-emission intensity from a single QD fluctuates strongly during an experiment of several minutes and is thus not always "on", implying that control over delayed emission may be possible. Periods of bright delayed emission correlate with red-shifted emission spectra. This behavior is consistent with exciton polarization by fluctuating electric fields due to diffusing surface charges, which have been known to cause spectral diffusion in QDs. Our findings thus provide a stepping stone for future efforts to control delayed emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn
O. M. Hinterding
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. W. Vonk
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elleke J. van Harten
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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