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Dong J, Zeng J, Li J, Li P, Wang B, Xu J, Gao W, Chen K. Sustainable and Scalable Synthesis of 2D Ultrathin Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301353. [PMID: 37282825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanosheets, and their derivatives, representing the emerging class of advanced multifunctional materials, have gained great research interest because of their extensive applications ranging from electrochemistry to catalysis. However, sustainable and scalable synthesis of 2D carbon nanosheets (CNs) with hierarchical architecture and irregular structure via a green and low-cost strategy remains a great challenge. Herein, prehydrolysis liquor (PHL), an industrial byproduct of the pulping industry, is first employed to synthesize CNs via a simple hydrothermal carbonization technique. After mild activation with NH4 Cl and FeCl3 , the as-prepared activated CNs (A-CN@NFe) display an ultrathin structure (≈3 nm) and a desirable specific surface area (1021 m2 g-1 ) with hierarchical porous structure, which enables it to be both electroactive materials and structural support materials in nanofibrillated cellulose/A-CN@NFe/polypyrrole (NCP) nanocomposite, and thus endowing nanocomposite with impressive capacitance properties of 2546.3 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, the resultant all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor delivers a satisfactory energy storage ability of 90.1 µWh cm-2 at 250.0 µW cm-2 . Thus, this work not only opens a new window for sustainable and scalable synthesis of CNs, but also offers a double profits strategy for energy storage and biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiran Dong
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zhao Y, Du J, Du J, Lu Q, Mikhailova D, Yu M, Pan X. Realizing Highly-Ordered Laser-Reduced Graphene for High-Performance Flexible Microsupercapacitor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301546. [PMID: 37186448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with direct-write technology is promising to develop miniaturized energy storage devices because of highly flexible, mask-free, and chemical-free merits. However, laser reduction of GO is often accompanied with deflagration (spectacular and violent deoxygenating reaction), leading reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films into brittle and irregular internal structure which is harmful to the applications. Here, a pre-reduction strategy is demonstrated to avoid this deflagration and realize a uniform laser-reduced GO (LrGO) matrix for the application of flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs).The pre-reduction process with ascorbic acid decreases the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on GO in advance, and thus relieves gases emission and avoids unconstrained expansion during the laser reduction process. In addition, a self-assembled skeleton with pre-reduced GO (PGO) nanosheets could be constructed which is a more appropriate aforehand framework for laser reduction to establish controllable rGO films with the homogenous porosity. The quasi-solid-state MSCs assembled with laser-reduced PGO exhibit the maximum areal capacitance of 88.32 mF cm-2 , good cycling performance (capacitance retention of 82% after 2000 cycles), and outstanding flexibility (no capacitance degradation after bending for 5000 times). This finding provides opportunities to enhance quality of LrGO which is promising for micro-power devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jingwei Du
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiajun Du
- College of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Institute of Materials, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor Materials, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Daria Mikhailova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Minghao Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- New Energy Photovoltaic Industry Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
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Chen X, Wu Y, Holze R. Ag(e)ing and Degradation of Supercapacitors: Causes, Mechanisms, Models and Countermeasures. Molecules 2023; 28:5028. [PMID: 37446693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prominent and highly visible advantage attributed to supercapacitors of any type and application, beyond their most notable feature of high current capability, is their high stability in terms of lifetime, number of possible charge/discharge cycles or other stability-related properties. Unfortunately, actual devices show more or less pronounced deterioration of performance parameters during time and use. Causes for this in the material and component levels, as well as on the device level, have only been addressed and discussed infrequently in published reports. The present review attempts a complete coverage on these levels; it adds in modelling approaches and provides suggestions for slowing down ag(e)ing and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rudolf Holze
- Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Sajedi-Moghaddam A, Gholami M, Naseri N. Inkjet Printing of MnO 2 Nanoflowers on Surface-Modified A4 Paper for Flexible All-Solid-State Microsupercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3894-3903. [PMID: 36637063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Printing technologies are gaining growing attention as a sustainable route for the fabrication of high-performance and flexible power sources such as microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Here, the inkjet printing method is utilized for the fabrication of manganese dioxide (MnO2)-based, flexible all-solid-state MSCs on surface-modified A4 paper substrate. The appropriate rheology of the formulated ethanol-based ink (Fromm number <10) and the proper dimensions of MnO2 nanoflowers (average size ∼600 nm) ensure a reliable inkjet printing process. Moreover, the underlying graphene/Ag nanowire pattern serves as a primer and highly conductive (Rs < 2 Ω sq-1) layer on top of the paper to facilitate the anchoring of MnO2 nanoflowers and rapid electron transportation. The resulting all-solid-state MSCs deliver a maximum areal capacitance of 0.68 mF cm-2 at a current density of 25 μA cm-2, reasonable durability (>80% of capacity remained after 3000 cycles), and remarkable foldability. Additionally, the inkjet-printed MSC devices deliver a superior areal energy density of 0.01 μWh cm-2 and also a power density of 1.19 μW cm-2. This study demonstrates the power of the inkjet printing method to produce MSCs on flexible substrates, which have great potential for flexible/wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sajedi-Moghaddam
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Mostafa Gholami
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Naimeh Naseri
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161Tehran, I.R. of Iran
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Zhao J, Ma Z, Qiao C, Fan Y, Qin X, Shao G. Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Electrode Process of MnO 2@rGO Nanospheres and Its Application in High-Performance Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34686-34696. [PMID: 35876499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Structural instability is a major obstacle to realizing the high performance of a MnO2-based pseudocapacitor material. Understanding its structure transformation in the process of electrochemical reaction, therefore, plays an important role in the efficient enhancement of rate capacity and stability. Herein, a stable MnO2@rGO core-shell nanosphere is first synthesized by a liquid-liquid interface deposition further combined with the electrostatic self-assembly method. The structural transformation process of the MnO2@rGO electrode is monitored by ex situ Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy during the charging-discharging process. It is found in the first discharging process that layered-MnO2 transforms into the spinel-Mn3O4 phase with K+ ion intercalation. From the second charging, the spinel-Mn3O4 phase is gradually adjusted to a more stable λ-MnO2 with a three-dimensional tunnel structure, finally realizing the reversible intercalation/deintercalation of K+ ions in the λ-MnO2 tunnel structure during subsequent cycling, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies formed by the lengthening of the Mn-O bond and losing oxygen in the MnO6 octahedral unit with K+ ion intercalation/deintercalation. Meanwhile, the MnO2@rGO electrode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 378 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of up to 89.5% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g-1. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric micro-supercapacitor delivers a high areal energy density of 1.01 μWh cm-2, superior cycling stability with no significant capacity decay after 8700 cycles, and a capacity retention rate of almost 100% after 2000 bending cycles, showing great mechanical flexibility and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chunting Qiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yuqian Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiujuan Qin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guangjie Shao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Chen J, Mu H, Ding J, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wang G. Stretchable sodium-ion capacitors based on coaxial CNT supported Na 2Ti 3O 7 with high capacitance contribution. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8374-8384. [PMID: 35635103 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable sodium-ion capacitors (SSICs) are promising energy storage devices for wearable electronic devices, and the development bottleneck is the realization of stretchable battery-type electrodes with desirable electrochemical properties during dynamic deformation. Herein, we find that electrostatic modification of acidified carbon nanotubes with polyamines can introduce active sites and modulate the surface pH microenvironment, thereby developing a route to realize the in situ coaxial nanometerization of sodium titanate (nCNT@NTO). The nCNT@NTO anode material has a fast Na+ transport and the high capacitive contribution, which can deliver a high specific capacity (206.5 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) and high rate performance (maintain 51% capacity at 10 A g-1), and the ideal cycle stability (∼93% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1). In addition, acrylate-rubber with high stickiness and stretchability are served as the elastic matrix both of the stretchable electrodes and quasi-solid-state electrolytes, which endows strong adhesion between electrodes and electrolytes. Thus, the accordingly assembled SSIC delivers high energy density of 8.8 mW h cm-3 (at a power density of 0.024 W cm-3), and excellent deformation stability (89% capacitance retention after 500 stretching cycles under 100% strain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongchun Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jianlong Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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Lu B, Jin X, Han Q, Qu L. Planar Graphene-Based Microsupercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006827. [PMID: 33667025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the development of wearable, portable, and implantable electronic devices, flexible and on-chip microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are urgently needed for miniaturized energy storage. Planar MSCs have high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, and long operating lifetime, and can adapt to future flexible, integrated, and miniaturized electronic systems for wide application foreground. Due to the high specific surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, and excellent electron mobility, graphene shows promising advantages in planar MSCs devices, thus stimulates wide-ranging research in the last few years. Herein, the recent progress of planar graphene-based MSCs, including the intrinsic structure regulation of graphene-based electrode materials, the specific fabrication techniques, the multifunctional integration, and various applications of MSCs as flexible and on-chip energy storage is systematically summarized. The key challenges and prospects of future planar graphene-based MSCs are also discussed targeting to realize their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuting Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials; Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Tian X, Xu B. 3D Printing for Solid-State Energy Storage. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100877. [PMID: 34928040 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ever-growing demand to develop satisfactory electrochemical devices has driven cutting-edge research in designing and manufacturing reliable solid-state electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). 3D printing, a precise and programmable layer-by-layer manufacturing technology, has drawn substantial attention to build advanced solid-state EESDs and unveil intrinsic charge storage mechanisms. It provides brand-new opportunities as well as some challenges in the field of solid-state energy storage. This review focuses on the topic of 3D printing for solid-state energy storage, which bridges the gap between advanced manufacturing and future EESDs. It starts from a brief introduction followed by an emphasis on 3D printing principles, where basic features of 3D printing and key issues for solid-state energy storage are both reviewed. Recent advances in 3D printed solid-state EESDs including solid-state batteries and solid-state supercapacitors are then summarized. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided regarding the further development of 3D printed solid-state EESDs. It can be expected that advanced 3D printing will significantly promote future evolution of solid-state EESDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Tian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Bingang Xu
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Recent developments of stamped planar micro-supercapacitors: Materials, fabrication and perspectives. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vyas A, Wang K, Anderson A, Velasco A, Van den Eeckhoudt R, Haque MM, Li Q, Smith A, Lundgren P, Enoksson P. Enhanced Electrode Deposition for On-Chip Integrated Micro-Supercapacitors by Controlled Surface Roughening. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5219-5228. [PMID: 32201810 PMCID: PMC7081403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-chip micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), integrated with energy harvesters, hold substantial promise for developing self-powered wireless sensor systems. However, MSCs have conventionally been manufactured through techniques incompatible with semiconductor fabrication technology, the most significant bottleneck being the electrode deposition technique. Utilization of spin-coating for electrode deposition has shown potential to deliver several complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible MSCs on a silicon substrate. Yet, their limited electrochemical performance and yield over the substrate have remained challenges obstructing their subsequent integration. We report a facile surface roughening technique for improving the wafer yield and the electrochemical performance of CMOS-compatible MSCs, specifically for reduced graphene oxide as an electrode material. A 4 nm iron layer is deposited and annealed on the wafer substrate to increase the roughness of the surface. In comparison to standard nonroughened MSCs, the increase in surface roughness leads to a 78% increased electrode thickness, 21% improvement in mass retention, 57% improvement in the uniformity of the spin-coated electrodes, and a high yield of 87% working devices on a 2″ silicon substrate. Furthermore, these improvements directly translate to higher capacitive performance with enhanced rate capability, energy, and power density. This technique brings us one step closer to fully integrable CMOS-compatible MSCs in self-powered systems for on-chip wireless sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agin Vyas
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kejian Wang
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alec Anderson
- University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106 California, United States
| | - Andres Velasco
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Katholieke
Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van den Eeckhoudt
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Katholieke
Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Mazharul Haque
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qi Li
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anderson Smith
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lundgren
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Enoksson
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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