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Santos AS, Pereira PH, Abrantes PP, Farina C, Maia Neto PA, de Melo e Souza R. Time-Dependent Effective Hamiltonians for Light-Matter Interactions. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:527. [PMID: 38920535 PMCID: PMC11203030 DOI: 10.3390/e26060527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic approach to building useful time-dependent effective Hamiltonians in molecular quantum electrodynamics. The method is based on considering part of the system as an open quantum system and choosing a convenient unitary transformation based on the evolution operator. We illustrate our formalism by obtaining four Hamiltonians, each suitable to a different class of applications. We show that we may treat several effects of molecular quantum electrodynamics with a direct first-order perturbation theory. In addition, our effective Hamiltonians shed light on interesting physical aspects that are not explicit when employing more standard approaches. As applications, we discuss three examples: two-photon spontaneous emission, resonance energy transfer, and dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroaldo S. Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-346, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (P.H.P.); (R.d.M.e.S.)
- Instituto Federal do Paraná, Telêmaco Borba 84269-090, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Pereira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-346, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (P.H.P.); (R.d.M.e.S.)
| | - Patrícia P. Abrantes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Carlos Farina
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Paulo A. Maia Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Reinaldo de Melo e Souza
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-346, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (P.H.P.); (R.d.M.e.S.)
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Ma Y, Wang N, Liu Q, Tian Y, Tian Z, Gu Y. Entangled dark state mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235002. [PMID: 38417160 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Two emitters can be entangled by manipulating them through optical fields within a photonic cavity. However, maintaining entanglement for a long time is challenging due to the decoherence of the entangled qubits, primarily caused by cavity loss and atomic decay. Here, we found the entangled dark state between two emitters mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, ensuring entanglement maintenance over an extended period. To obtain the entangled dark state, we derived an effective model with degenerate mode modulation. In the dielectric cavities within ENZ materials, the decay rate of emitters can be regarded as 0, which is the key to achieving the entangled dark state. Meanwhile, the dark state immune to cavity loss exists when two emitters are in symmetric positions in the dielectric cavity. Additionally, by adjusting the emitters to specific asymmetric positions, it is possible to achieve transient entanglement with higher concurrence. By overcoming the decoherence of the entangled qubits, this study demonstrates stable, long-term entanglement with ENZ materials, holding significant importance for applications such as nanodevice design for quantum communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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Lobet M, Kinsey N, Liberal I, Caglayan H, Huidobro PA, Galiffi E, Mejía-Salazar JR, Palermo G, Jacob Z, Maccaferri N. New Horizons in Near-Zero Refractive Index Photonics and Hyperbolic Metamaterials. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3805-3820. [PMID: 38027250 PMCID: PMC10655250 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of the spatial and temporal properties of both the electric permittivity and the refractive index of materials is at the core of photonics. When vanishing to zero, those two variables provide efficient knobs to control light-matter interactions. This Perspective aims at providing an overview of the state of the art and the challenges in emerging research areas where the use of near-zero refractive index and hyperbolic metamaterials is pivotal, in particular, light and thermal emission, nonlinear optics, sensing applications, and time-varying photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Lobet
- Department
of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Materials, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nathaniel Kinsey
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department
of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute
of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University
of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Humeyra Caglayan
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Science, Photonics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paloma A. Huidobro
- Departamento
de Física Téorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Telecomunicações, Instituto
Superior Técnico-University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Emanuele Galiffi
- Photonics
Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New
York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Giovanna Palermo
- Department
of Physics, NLHT Lab, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute
of Nanotechnology, Rende (CS), 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Elmore
Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck
Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicolò Maccaferri
- Department
of Physics, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 24, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, University
of Luxembourg, 162a avenue
de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Zhu S, Su LL, Ren J. Tunable couplings between location-insensitive emitters mediated by an epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28575-28585. [PMID: 37710908 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the efficient tuning of incoherent and coherent coupling between emitters embedded in an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) waveguide coated with a multilayer graphene. As a result, a tunable two-qubit quantum phase gate based on the ENZ waveguide is realized at the cutoff frequency. Furthermore, due to the vanishingly small permittivity of the ENZ waveguide, all incoherent coupling between any two identical emitters located in the central area of the slit approaches a maximum, enabling near-ideal bipartite and multipartite entanglement. The coherent coupling between emitters is much larger at an operating frequency far from the ENZ resonance frequency than at the cutoff frequency, and the coherent coupling and resulting energy transfer efficiency can also be effectively tuned by the Fermi level of graphene. These results demonstrate an efficiently tunable electro-optical platform for quantum devices.
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García-Elcano I, Merino J, Bravo-Abad J, González-Tudela A. Probing and harnessing photonic Fermi arc surface states using light-matter interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8257. [PMID: 37256964 PMCID: PMC10413654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fermi arcs, i.e., surface states connecting topologically distinct Weyl points, represent a paradigmatic manifestation of the topological aspects of Weyl physics. We investigate a light-matter interface based on the photonic counterpart of these states and prove that it can lead to phenomena with no analog in other setups. First, we show how to image the Fermi arcs by studying the spontaneous decay of one or many emitters coupled to the system's border. Second, we demonstrate that, exploiting the negative refraction of these modes, the Fermi arc surface states can act as a robust quantum link, enabling, e.g., the occurrence of perfect quantum state transfer between the considered emitters or the formation of highly entangled states. In addition to their fundamental interest, our findings evidence the potential offered by the photonic Fermi arc light-matter interfaces for the design of more robust quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki García-Elcano
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Merino
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bravo-Abad
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Jin B, Mishra D, Argyropoulos C. Efficient single-photon pair generation by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19903-19914. [PMID: 34806742 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is one of the most versatile nonlinear optical techniques for the generation of entangled and correlated single-photon pairs. However, it suffers from very poor efficiency leading to extremely weak photon generation rates. Here we propose a plasmonic metasurface design based on silver nanostripes combined with a bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal to realize a new scalable, ultrathin, and efficient SPDC source. By coinciding fundamental and higher order resonances of the metasurface with the generated signal and idler frequencies, respectively, the electric field in the nonlinear media is significantly boosted. This leads to a substantial enhancement in the SPDC process which, subsequently, by using the quantum-classical correspondence principle, translates to very high photon-pair generation rates. The emitted radiation is highly directional and perpendicular to the metasurface in contrast to relevant dielectric structures. The incorporation of circular polarized excitation further increases the photon-pair generation efficiency. The presented work will lead to the design of new efficient ultrathin SPDC single-photon nanophotonic sources working at room temperature that are expected to be critical components in free-space quantum optical communications. In a more general context, our findings can have various applications in the emerging field of quantum plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Mishra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang H, Chen H. Experimental demonstration of the magnetic field concentration effect in circuit-based magnetic near-zero index media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17064-17075. [PMID: 32549516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic field concentration effect can greatly enhance light-matter interaction and is of practical interest in applications such as wireless power transfer and sensors. Zero-index media, unusual materials with near-zero relative permittivity (ɛ) and/or permeability (µ), play a key role in tailoring the properties of electromagnetic waves in unique ways. In this work, circuit-based isotropic µ-near-zero (MNZ) media were theoretically proposed and constructed based on two-dimensional transmission lines with lumped elements. Magnetic field concentration was experimentally demonstrated in this circuit-based system, which could be realized by using a small MNZ scatterer and the results agreed well with simulations. Moreover, the MNZ scatterer exhibited a robust enhancement of the magnetic field regardless of its position and number. By applying the magnetic field concentration effect of MNZ scatterers, we also study the flexible manipulation of the electromagnetic energy along different paths. These results not only provide a versatile platform to study abnormal scattering phenomena in metamaterials, but also offer a route to enhance the magnetic field in planar systems. Moreover, the manipulation of magnetic field under multiple MNZ scatterers may enable their use in new applications, such as in the robust energy transfer with properties of long-range and multiple receivers.
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Valagiannopoulos C. Optimally Sharp Energy Filtering of Quantum Particles via Homogeneous Planar Inclusions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:816. [PMID: 31964897 PMCID: PMC6972924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most influential players from academia and industry have recently expressed concrete interest for quantum engineering applications, especially for new concepts in controlling and processing the quantum signals traveling into condensed matter. An important operation when manipulating particle beams behaving as matter waves concerns filtering with respect to their own energy; such an objective can be well-served by a single planar inclusion of specific size and texture embedded into suitable background. A large number of inclusion/host combinations from realistic materials are tried and the optimally sharp resonance regimes, which correspond to performance limits for such a simplistic structure, are carefully identified. These results may inspire efforts towards the generalization of the adopted approach and the translation of sophisticated inverse design techniques, already successfully implemented for nanophotonic setups, into quantum arena.
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