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Boroviks S, Kiselev A, Achouri K, Martin OJF. Demonstration of a Plasmonic Nonlinear Pseudodiode. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3362-3368. [PMID: 37043888 PMCID: PMC10141562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface that exhibits strongly asymmetric second-harmonic generation: nonlinear scattering is efficient upon excitation in one direction, and it is substantially suppressed when the excitation direction is reversed, thus enabling a diode-like functionality. A significant (approximately 10 dB) extinction ratio of SHG upon opposite excitations is measured experimentally, and those findings are substantiated with full-wave simulations. This effect is achieved by employing a combination of two commonly used metals─aluminum and silver─producing a material composition asymmetry that results in a bianisotropic response of the system, as confirmed by performing homogenization analysis and extracting an effective susceptibility tensor. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results from the more fundamental perspectives of reciprocity and time-reversal asymmetry.
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Pal M, Niv A. Parametric optical rectification due to the near-field interaction between nanosized metallic domains. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4873-4883. [PMID: 36785444 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study parametric optical rectification that is not due to material properties but emerges from the electrostatic near-field interaction between nanosized metallic domains. The ability to demonstrate this effect comes from samples based on a unique slab waveguide with deeply buried nanometer-thin metallic layers. These samples intensify the presumed rectification mechanism while suppressing competing effects. We describe three experiments that, combined, indicate a non-material-based nonlinear mechanism in our samples. The origin of the nonlinear mechanism responsible for rectification is elucidated by invoking a toy model whose sole nonlinearity comes from the interaction between strictly linear oscillators.
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Wang J, Baudrion AL, Béal J, Horneber A, Tang F, Butet J, Martin OJF, Meixner AJ, Adam PM, Zhang D. Hot carrier-mediated avalanche multiphoton photoluminescence from coupled Au-Al nanoantennas. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074701. [PMID: 33607882 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avalanche multiphoton photoluminescence (AMPL) is observed from coupled Au-Al nanoantennas under intense laser pumping, which shows more than one order of magnitude emission intensity enhancement and distinct spectral features compared with ordinary metallic photoluminescence. The experiments are conducted by altering the incident laser intensity and polarization using a home-built scanning confocal optical microscope. The results show that AMPL originates from the recombination of avalanche hot carriers that are seeded by multiphoton ionization. Notably, at the excitation stage, multiphoton ionization is shown to be assisted by the local electromagnetic field enhancement produced by coupled plasmonic modes. At the emission step, the giant AMPL intensity can be evaluated as a function of the local field environment and the thermal factor for hot carriers, in accordance with a linear relationship between the power law exponent coefficient and the emitted photon energy. The dramatic change in the spectral profile is explained by spectral linewidth broadening mechanisms. This study offers nanospectroscopic evidence of both the potential optical damages for plasmonic nanostructures and the underlying physical nature of light-matter interactions under a strong laser field; it illustrates the significance of the emerging topics of plasmonic-enhanced spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Wang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Baudrion
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Béal
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Anke Horneber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Feng Tang
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Butet
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory (NAM), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Michel Adam
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Shor Peled MH, Toledo E, Shital S, Maity A, Pal M, Sivan Y, Schvartzman M, Niv A. Second-harmonic generation from subwavelength metal heterodimers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:31468-31479. [PMID: 33115119 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from deep subwavelength gold-silver heterodimers, and silver-silver and gold-gold homodimers. Our results indicate a heterodimer SHG that is an order of magnitude more intense than that of the homodimers. In contrast, full-wave calculations that consider the surface and bulk contribution of individual particles, which is the conventional view on such processes, suggest that it is the silver-silver homodimer that should prevail. Based on the deep subwavelength dimension of our structure, we propose that the heterodimer nonlinearity results from a Coulomb interaction between lumped oscillating charges and not from the surface nonlinearity of each particle, as convention would have it. Our proposed model can explain the larger SHG emission observed in gold-silver heterodimers and reproduces its unique spectral lineshape.
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