1
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Bai X, Yao J, Li W, Zhao X, Yin Y, Yu S, Jiang Z. Enantioselective Hydroaminoalkylation of Azaaryl Ketones through Asymmetric Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:5037-5042. [PMID: 38836577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
An enantioselective hydroaminoalkylation of azaaryl ketones under a transition-metal-free asymmetric photoredox catalysis platform is reported. A series of valuable azaarene-functionalized 1,2-amino alcohols featuring attractive quaternary carbon stereocenters have been synthesized in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The viability of readily accessible N-aryl glycines as reaction partners facilitates the conjugate modification of these products into important derivatives, thereby enhancing the synthetic utility of the current approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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2
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Hong BC, Indurmuddam RR. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), a compelling and trailblazing catalyst for visible-light-induced organic photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3799-3842. [PMID: 38651982 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) has recently emerged as an intriguing photocatalyst under visible-light or near-visible-light irradiation in a wide range of organic reactions that were previously not conceivable. Given its ability to absorb visible light and excellent effectiveness in activating unactivated chemical bonds, it is a promising addition to traditional photocatalysts. This review covers some of the contemporary developments in visible-light or near-visible-light photocatalysis reactions enabled by the TBADT catalyst to 2023, with the contents organized by reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
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3
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Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wu X. Visible-Light-Driven Deoxygenative Heteroarylation of Alcohols with Heteroaryl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3629-3634. [PMID: 38364202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The visible-light-promoted deoxygenative radical heteroarylation of alcohols was achieved in the absence of any external photosensitizers. The processes occur through the generation of xanthate salts from alcohols, followed by SET and fragmentation, delivering alkyl radicals to react with heteroaryl sulfones. This method is amenable for a wide range of alcohols with good functional group tolerance, providing a practical strategy for the alkylation of benzo-heteroaromatics. Mechanism studies indicate that direct visible-light excitation of xanthate anions and subsequent SET initiate the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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4
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Yi Y, Xi C. Organo-Photoredox Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Bond Arylation of Aliphatic Amides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301585. [PMID: 38126961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A C(sp3 )-H bond arylation of aliphatic amides has been achieved via organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction could be realized at room temperature with visible light source and metal-free catalyst. Quinuclidine is employed as an efficient HAT reagent and a range of aliphatic amides is employed as both substrate and solvent in the reaction. This photocatalyzed transformation provides a convenient protocol to afford a board range of N-benzyl amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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5
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Xiong Y, Wu X. Deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles enabled by direct visible light excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9316-9320. [PMID: 37982141 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A general and practical protocol is presented for visible-light-driven deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles in the absence of external photocatalysts. Utilizing a hydroxyl activation strategy with carbon disulfide, this C(sp3)-C(sp2) constructing platform accommodates a broad scope of alcohols and aryl nitriles to deliver various alkyl-substituted arenes. Mechanism studies show that a single electron transfer event between a photoexcited aryl nitrile and a xanthate anion is key to the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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6
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Yu WQ, Xiong BQ, Zhong LJ, Liu Y. Visible-light-promoted radical cascade alkylation/cyclization: access to alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinolin-6(5 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9659-9671. [PMID: 36416184 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol is herein described for the direct generation of alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one derivatives by using Hantzsch esters as alkylation radical precursors using a photoredox/K2S2O8 system. This oxidative alkylation of active alkenes involves a radical cascade cyclization process and a sequence of Hantzsch ester single electron oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, alkylation, arylation and oxidative deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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7
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Jue Z, Huang Y, Qian J, Hu P. Visible Light-Induced Unactivated δ-C(sp 3 )-H Amination of Alcohols Catalyzed by Iron. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201241. [PMID: 35916215 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed remote C(sp3 )-H amination of alcohols through 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer is developed. This protocol provides a method to generate δ-C(sp3 )-N bonds from primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols under mild conditions. A wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance are presented. Mechanistic studies show that a LMCT course of an Fe-OR species and a chlorine radical-induced hydrogen abstraction of an alcohol are possible to generate the alkoxy radical intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofan Jue
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yahao Huang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Cao K, Li C, Tian D, Zhao X, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Catalytic Enantioselective Reductive Cross Coupling of Electron-Deficient Olefins. Org Lett 2022; 24:4788-4792. [PMID: 35735267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an enantioselective reductive cross coupling of electron-deficient olefins. Using a visible-light-driven cooperative photoredox and chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed reaction with a Hantzsch ester as the terminal reductant, various cyclic and acyclic enones with 2-vinylpyridines were converted in high yields (up to 93%) to a wide range of enantioenriched pyridine derivatives featuring diverse γ-tertiary carbon stereocenters with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Cao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China.,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Dong Tian
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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9
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Li Y, Han C, Wang Y, Huang X, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Azaarylation of Olefins via Enantioselective Radical Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7805-7814. [PMID: 35471031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic reductive azaarylation has been widely used to construct the important imine-containing azaarene derivatives. In addition to the direct use of various commercially available cyanoazaarenes as feedstocks, the synthetic advantages include precise regioselectivity, high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and good functional group tolerance. However, although many efficient reductive azaarylation methods have been established, the example of an enantioselective manner is still unmet, which most likely can be ascribed to the highly reactive radical coupling as the key step of forming stereocenters. Exploring the feasibility of enantiocontrol thus constitutes an attractive but highly challenging task. Here, we demonstrate that chiral hydrogen-bonding/photosensitizer catalysis is a viable platform as it enables the realization of the first enantioselective manifold. A variety of acyclic and cyclic enones as the reaction partners are compatible with the dual catalyst system, leading to a wide array of valuable enantioenriched azaarene variants with high yields and ees. Regulating the types of chiral catalysts represents one of the important manners to success, in which several readily accessible Cinchona alkaloid-derived bifunctional catalysts are introduced in asymmetric photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cuijie Han
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
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10
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Tan Y, Yin Y, Cao S, Zhao X, Qu G, Jiang Z. Conjugate addition-enantioselective protonation to forge tertiary stereocentres α to azaarenes via cooperative hydrogen atom transfer and chiral hydrogen-bonding catalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Asymmetric Photocatalytic Synthesis of Enantioenriched Azaarene Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Chen X, Wei W, Li C, Zhou H, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of Remote Fluoroalkylated Azaarene Derivatives and the α-Deuterated Analogues via 1, n-Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer-Involving Radical Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:8744-8749. [PMID: 34723556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A modular strategy to access the remote fluoroalkylated azaarene derivatives and the α-deuterated analogues, which are the isosteres of many pharmaceutically important compounds, is reported. Transformations under the sustainable photoredox catalysis platform could efficiently experience cascade radical addition, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and single-electron reduction to offer the crucial anions α to azaarenes. Through reacting with H2O or the inexpensive D2O, two series of valuable products were obtained in high yields with substantial deuterium incorporation. The work demonstrates that the HAT of the α-sp3 C-H of the electron-withdrawing azaarenes with alkyl radicals is viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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13
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Wang L, Xu T, Rao Q, Zhang TS, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Photocatalytic Biheterocyclization of 1,7-Diynes for Accessing Skeletally Diverse Tricyclic 2-Pyranones. Org Lett 2021; 23:7845-7850. [PMID: 34581592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new and green route to skeletally diverse oxo-heterocyclic architectures such as pyrano[3,4-c]chromen-2-ones and pyrano[3,4-c]quinolin-2-ones is reported via an unprecedented photocatalytic Kharasch-type cyclization/1,5-(SN″)-substitution/elimination/6π-electrocyclization/double nucleophilic substitution cascade starting from easily available heteroatom-linked 1,7-diynes and low-cost CBrCl3. During this reaction process, the full scission of carbon-halogen bonds of BrCCl3 was realized to directly build two new rings, including a lactone scaffold, using H2O as the oxygen source of the ester group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Qian Rao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang Y, Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Cooperative Photoredox- and Nickel-Catalyzed Alkylative Cyclization Reactions of Alkynes with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12577-12590. [PMID: 34319104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative photoredox- and nickel-catalyzed alkylative cyclization reactions of iodoalkynes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as alkylation reagents under visible light irradiation have been achieved to afford the corresponding alkylated cyclopentylidenes in good to high yields. Introduction of substituents at the propargylic position of iodoalkynes has led to the stereoselective formation of E-isomers. The present reaction system provides a novel synthetic method for alkylative cyclization reactions of both terminal and internal alkynes with cooperative photoredox and nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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15
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Divergent asymmetric synthesis of azaarene-functionalized cyclic alcohols through stereocontrolled Beckwith-Enholm cyclizations. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Hu W, Zhan Q, Zhou H, Cao S, Jiang Z. Radical-based functionalization-oriented construction: rapid assembly of azaarene-substituted highly functionalized pyrroles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6543-6550. [PMID: 34040730 PMCID: PMC8132952 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Totally different functionalization and construction as two fundamental synthetic protocols have long been applied to furnish azaarene variants. Here, a novel radical-based functionalization-oriented construction strategy by exploiting the electronic properties of azaarenes and the high reactivity of radicals is developed. Under a photoredox catalysis platform, the robust ability of such an artful combination of functionalization with construction is disclosed in the synthesis of valuable 3-azaarene-substituted densely functionalized pyrroles. In addition to the ability to use the readily accessible feedstocks, the high synthetic efficiency and the good functional group tolerance, the substrate scope is broad (81 examples) resulting from the capability to flexibly replace the types of azaarenes and other substituents. Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the plausible mechanism involving the reaction pathways and the important role of NaH2PO4 as an additive in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigao Hu
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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17
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Ren C, Wang T, Zhang Y, Peng D, Liu X, Wu Q, Liu X, Luo S. Photoinduced Activation of Unactivated C(
sp
3
)‐H Bonds and Acylation Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Chao Ren
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Tian‐Qi Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Dao Peng
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Liu
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Qing‐An Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Xue‐Fen Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University Qianjiang College Hangzhou 310006 P.R. China
| | - Shu‐Ping Luo
- Zhejiang University of Technology State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
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18
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Kong M, Tan Y, Zhao X, Qiao B, Tan CH, Cao S, Jiang Z. Catalytic Reductive Cross Coupling and Enantioselective Protonation of Olefins to Construct Remote Stereocenters for Azaarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4024-4031. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Kong
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Tan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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19
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Wang M, Yin C, Hu P. Ag-Catalyzed Remote Unactivated C(sp 3)-H Heteroarylation of Free Alcohols in Water. Org Lett 2021; 23:722-726. [PMID: 33439025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catalyzed by silver salt, the unactivated C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of free alcohol at the δ position is realized under gentle thermal conditions in water through a radical procedure. Both protonic acids and Lewis acids are found to be efficient for activating pyridines for this Minisci-type reaction. The reaction enjoys a good functional group tolerance and substrate scope. Terminal secondary and tertiary alcohols are suitable substrates. With either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups, the electron-deficient heteroarene substrates generate the target products in moderate to good yields. A gram-scale experiment can be successfully operated. A radical blocking experiment and a radical clock experiment are studied to support the radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Changzhen Yin
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Cannalire R, Pelliccia S, Sancineto L, Novellino E, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:766-897. [PMID: 33350402 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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22
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Ma X, Zhang G. Visible
Light‐Induced Copper‐Catalyzed
C—H Arylation of Benzoxazoles
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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23
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Abstract
The development of cross-dehydrogenative coupling in recent years has simplified the synthesis of many materials, as a result of facile C–H activation, which, together with its greater atom economy and environmental friendliness, has made an impact on modern organic chemistry. Indeed, many C–C and C–X (X = N, O, P, S, B, or Si) coupling reactions can now be performed directly between two C–H bonds or a C–H and an X–H bond, simply by adding catalytic amounts of a metal salt to a mixture of the two and an oxidant to accept the two hydrogen atoms released. Chiral organocatalysts or chiral ligands have been joined to promote enantioselective processes, resulting in the development of efficient reaction cascades that provide products in high yields and high levels of asymmetric induction through cooperative catalysis. In recent years, photochemical oxidation and electrochemistry have widened even more the scope of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). In this review, we summarized the recent literature in this subject, hoping that it will inspire many new synthetic strategies.
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24
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Kumar J, Rahaman A, Singh AK, Bhadra S. Catalytic Approaches for the Direct Heterofunctionalization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Their Equivalents with Group 16 Elements. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:673-689. [PMID: 32027467 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to traditional multistep synthesis, modern organic synthesis extensively depends on the direct functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds for the construction of various C-C and C-heteroatom bonds in atom- and step-economic manner. Common aliphatic substrates, e. g. carboxylic acids and their synthetic equivalents, are regiospecifically functionalized based on either a directed approach, in which the polar directing group assists to functionalize a specific C-H bond positioned at β- and γ-carbon centers, or a non-directed approach typically leading to α-functionalization. While numerous reviews on catalytic C-H functionalization have appeared, a concise review on the direct C(sp3 )-H heterofunctionalization of carboxylic acid synthons with Group 16 elements has been awaited. The recent advances on the direct oxy-functionalization and chalcogenation of aliphatic carboxylic acid synthons enabled by transition metal, organo- and photocatalysts are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogendra Kumar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajijur Rahaman
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupam Kumar Singh
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sukalyan Bhadra
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
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25
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Chen H, Yu S. Remote C–C bond formationviavisible light photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4519-4532. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Visible light photoredox catalysis combined with intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) can serve as a unique tool for achieving remote C–C bond formation. Recent advances in photoredox-catalyzed remote C–C bond formation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
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26
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Gandhi S. Catalytic enantioselective cross dehydrogenative coupling of sp 3 C-H of heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9683-9692. [PMID: 31710329 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-C bond formation in heterocycles via the direct coupling of C-H bonds, under oxidative conditions, classified as cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), is without doubt one of the most atom efficient methods for the functionalization of these molecules. The most common is the coupling at the position alpha to the heteroatom, owing to the stabilization of forming carbocation by the heteroatom. The corresponding asymmetric versions, except for a few isolated reports, have been rather evasive for several years. Optically active heterocycles with the chiral center alpha to the heteroatom are widely present in natural products and pharmaceuticals, thus making them an attractive synthetic target. Persistent efforts towards the asymmetric CDC of heterocycles since the beginning of this decade have led to several developments in this challenging area. Particularly, in the last few years, considerable progress has been witnessed in this field. This review summarizes the progress made in the area of asymmetric cross dehydrogenative coupling of heterocycles in recent years. The review covers the catalytic asymmetric CDC of sp3 C-H bonds of the heterocycles with various coupling partners and illustrates the different catalytic systems employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gandhi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760 010, India.
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27
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Chen H, Fan W, Yuan XA, Yu S. Site-selective remote C(sp 3)-H heteroarylation of amides via organic photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4743. [PMID: 31628325 PMCID: PMC6800443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical translocation processes triggered by nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs), such as 1,5-hydrogen atom transfers (1,5-HAT), demonstrated by the well-established Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction, provide an attractive approach for the controllable and selective functionalization of remote inert C(sp3)-H bonds. Here we report an amidyl radical-triggered site-selective remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of amides under organic photoredox conditions. This approach provides a mild and highly regioselective reaction affording remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylated amides at room temperature under transition-metal free, weakly basic, and redox-neutral conditions. Non-prefunctionalized heteroarenes, such as purines, thiazolopyridines, benzoxazole, benzothiazoles, benzothiophene, benzofuran, thiazoles and quinoxalines, can be alkylated directly. Sequential and orthogonal C-H functionalization of different heteroarenes by taking advantage pH value or polarity of radicals has also been achieved. DFT calculations explain and can predict the site-selectivity and reactivity of this reaction. This strategy expands the scope of the Minisci reaction and serves as its alternative and potential complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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28
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Wu YH, Wang NX, Zhang T, Zhang LY, Gao XW, Xu BC, Xing Y, Chi JY. Rare-Earth Y(OTf)3 Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Ethers with Azaarenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:7450-7454. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nai-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei-Yang Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xue-Wang Gao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, United States
| | - Jian-Yi Chi
- Baotou Rare Earth Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Baotou, 014010, China
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29
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Yan Z, Sun B, Zhang X, Zhuang X, Yang J, Su W, Jin C. Construction of C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Bond between Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters via Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3344-3349. [PMID: 31432590 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-driven decarboxylative coupling of alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters) with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been developed. This C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) bond-forming transformation exhibits excellent substrate generality with respect to both the coupling partners. Of note, a series of 3-primary alkyl-substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones that were difficult to synthesize by previous methods could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Additionally, the mild conditions, easy availability of substrates, wide functional group tolerance and operational simplicity make this protocol practical in the synthesis of 3-alkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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30
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Wang PZ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Hantzsch esters: an emerging versatile class of reagents in photoredox catalyzed organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6936-6951. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This minireview highlights the recent advances in the chemistry of Hantzsch esters in photoredox catalyzed organic synthesis, with particular emphasis placed on reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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