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Zagorodko O, Melnyk T, Nebot VJ, Dankers PYW, Vicent MJ. An Offset Patterned Cross-β Structure in Assemblies of C 3 -Symmetric Peptide Amphiphiles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303194. [PMID: 37967312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing peptide-based materials with controlled morphology is a critical theme of soft matter research. Herein, we report the formation of a novel, patterned cross-β structure formed by self-assembled C3 -symmetric peptide amphiphiles based on diphenylalanine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA). The cross-β motif is an abundant structural element in amyloid fibrils and aggregates of fibril-forming peptides, including diphenylalanine. The incorporation of topological constraints on one edge of the diphenylalanine fragment limits the number of β-strands in β-sheets and leads to the creation of an unconventional offset-patterned cross-β structure consisting of short 3×2 parallel β-sheets stabilized by phenylalanine zippers. In the reported assembly, two patterned cross-β structures bind parallel arrays of BTA stacks in a superstructure within a single-molecule-thick nanoribbon. In addition to a threefold network of hydrogen bonds in the BTA stack, each molecule becomes simultaneously bound by hydrogen bonds from three β-sheets and four phenylalanine zippers. The diffuse layer of alkyl chains with terminal polar groups prevents the nanoribbons from merging and stabilizes cross-β-structure in water. Our results provide a simple approach to the incorporation of novel patterned cross-β motifs into supramolecular superstructures and shed light on the general mechanism of β-sheet formation in C3 -symmetric peptide amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tetiana Melnyk
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent J Nebot
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Curapath, Av. Benjamín Franklin, 19, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Strasser P, Montsch B, Weiss S, Sami H, Kugler C, Hager S, Schueffl H, Mader R, Brüggemann O, Kowol CR, Ogris M, Heffeter P, Teasdale I. Degradable Bottlebrush Polypeptides and the Impact of their Architecture on Cell Uptake, Pharmacokinetics, and Biodistribution In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300767. [PMID: 36843221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers are highly promising as unimolecular nanomedicines due to their unique control over the critical parameters of size, shape and chemical function. However, since they are prepared from biopersistent carbon backbones, most known bottlebrush polymers are non-degradable and thus unsuitable for systemic therapeutic administration. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel poly(organo)phosphazene-g-poly(α-glutamate) (PPz-g-PGA) bottlebrush polymers with exceptional control over their structure and molecular dimensions (Dh ≈ 15-50 nm). These single macromolecules show outstanding aqueous solubility, ultra-high multivalency and biodegradability, making them ideal as nanomedicines. While well-established in polymer therapeutics, it has hitherto not been possible to prepare defined single macromolecules of PGA in these nanosized dimensions. A direct correlation was observed between the macromolecular dimensions of the bottlebrush polymers and their intracellular uptake in CT26 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the bottlebrush macromolecular structure visibly enhanced the pharmacokinetics by reducing renal clearance and extending plasma half-lives. Real-time analysis of the biodistribution dynamics showed architecture-driven organ distribution and enhanced tumor accumulation. This work, therefore, introduces a robust, controlled synthesis route to bottlebrush polypeptides, overcoming limitations of current polymer-based nanomedicines and, in doing so, offers valuable insights into the influence of architecture on the in vivo performance of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Silvia Weiss
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Haider Sami
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christoph Kugler
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
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Conejos-Sánchez I, Đorđević S, Medel M, Vicent MJ. Polypeptides as building blocks for image-guided nanotherapies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zagorodko O, Melnyk T, Rogier O, Nebot VJ, Vicent MJ. Higher-order interfiber interactions in the self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based peptides in water. Polym Chem 2021; 12:3478-3487. [PMID: 34262624 PMCID: PMC8230583 DOI: 10.1039/d1py00304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the complexity of biological systems with synthetic supramolecular materials requires a deep understanding of the relationship between the structure of the molecule and its self-assembly pattern. Herein, we report a series of water-soluble benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based di- and tripeptide derivatives modified with small non-bulky terminal amine salt to induce self-assembly into twisted one-dimensional higher-order nanofibers. The morphology of nanofibers strongly depends on the nature, order, and quantity of amino acids in the short peptide fragments and vary from simple cylindrical to complex helical. From observations of several fiber-splitting events, we detected interfiber interactions that always occur in a pairwise manner, which implies that the C3 symmetry of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based molecules in higher-order fibers becomes gradually distorted, thus facilitating hydrophobic contact interactions between fibrils. The proposed mechanism of self-assembly through hydrophobic contact allowed the successful design of a compound with pH-responsive morphology, and may find use in the future development of complex hierarchical architectures with controlled functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetiana Melnyk
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab. Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia Spain
| | - Olivier Rogier
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab. Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia Spain
| | - Vicent J Nebot
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab. Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia Spain
- PTS SL Valencia Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab. Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia Spain
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Klein T, Ulrich HF, Gruschwitz FV, Kuchenbrod MT, Takahashi R, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Sakurai K, Brendel JC. Overcoming the Necessity of a Lateral Aggregation in the Formation of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes in Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000585. [PMID: 33274820 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes in aqueous systems is, in most cases, associated with a lateral aggregation of the supramolecular building blocks in addition to their axial stacking. Here, it is demonstrated that this limitation can be overcome by attaching three polymer chains to a central supramolecular unit that possesses a sufficiently high number of hydrogen bonding units to compensate for the increased steric strain. Therefore, a 1,3,5-benzenetrisurea-polyethylene oxide conjugate is modified with different peptide units located next to the urea groups which should facilitate self-assembly in water. For a single amino acid per arm, spherical micelles are obtained for all three tested amino acids (alanine, leucine, and phenylalanine) featuring different hydrophobicities. Only a slight increase in size and solution stability of spherical micelles is observed with increasing hydrophobicity of amino acid unit. In contrast, introducing two amino acid units per arm and thus increasing the number of hydrogen bonds per unimer molecule results in the formation of cylindrical structures, that is, supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes, despite a suppressed lateral aggregation. Consequently, it can be concluded that the number of hydrogen bonds has a more profound impact on the resulting solution morphology than the hydrophobicity of the amino acid unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Klein
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans F Ulrich
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maren T Kuchenbrod
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Rintaro Takahashi
- Dr. R. Takahashi, Prof. K. Sakurai, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Dr. R. Takahashi, Prof. K. Sakurai, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,T. Klein, H. F. Ulrich, F. V. Gruschwitz, M. T. Kuchenbrod, Dr. S. Hoeppener, Dr. I. Nischang, Dr. J. C. Brendel, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Catrouillet S, Brendel JC. Supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5079-5110. [PMID: 32347854 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of supramolecular chemistry has long been known to generate complex materials of different sizes and shapes via the self-assembly of single or multiple low molar mass building blocks. Matching the complexity found in natural assemblies, however, remains a long-term challenge considering its precision in organizing large macromolecules into well-defined nanostructures. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of supramolecular chemistry has paved the way to several attempts in arranging synthetic macromolecules into larger ordered structures based on non-covalent forces. This review is a first attempt to summarize the developments in this field, which focus mainly on the formation of one-dimensional, linear, cylindrical aggregates in solution with pendant polymer chains - therefore coined supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes in accordance with their covalent equivalents. Distinguishing by the different supramolecular driving forces, we first describe systems based on π-π interactions, which comprise, among others, the well-known perylene motif, but also the early attempts using cyclophanes. However, the majority of reported supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes are formed by hydrogen bonds as they can for example be found in linear and cyclic peptides, as well as so called sticker molecules containing multiple urea groups. Besides this overview on the reported motifs and their impact on the resulting morphology of the polymer nanostructures, we finally highlight the potential benefits of such non-covalent interactions and refer to promising future directions of this still mostly unrecognized field of supramolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Melnyk T, Đorđević S, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Therapeutic potential of polypeptide-based conjugates: Rational design and analytical tools that can boost clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:136-169. [PMID: 33091502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of polypeptides as polymeric drugs, covered by the umbrella term "polymer therapeutics," combined with related scientific and technological breakthroughs, explain their exponential growth in the development of polypeptide-drug conjugates as therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the biology at relevant pathological sites and the critical biological barriers faced, combined with advances regarding controlled polymerization techniques, material bioresponsiveness, analytical methods, and scale up-manufacture processes, have fostered the development of these nature-mimicking entities. Now, engineered polypeptides have the potential to combat current challenges in the advanced drug delivery field. In this review, we will discuss examples of polypeptide-drug conjugates as single or combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical studies as therapeutics and molecular imaging tools. Importantly, we will critically discuss relevant examples to highlight those parameters relevant to their rational design, such as linking chemistry, the analytical strategies employed, and their physicochemical and biological characterization, that will foster their rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Melnyk
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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Klein T, Ulrich HF, Gruschwitz FV, Kuchenbrod MT, Takahashi R, Fujii S, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Sakurai K, Brendel JC. Impact of amino acids on the aqueous self-assembly of benzenetrispeptides into supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the amino acid unit in benzenetrispeptide-PEO conjugates allows to fine-tune the self-assembly strength and to control the resulting solution morphologies in water.
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