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Yao Y, He E, Xu H, Liu Y, Wei Y, Ji Y. Fabricating liquid crystal vitrimer actuators far below the normal processing temperature. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1795-1805. [PMID: 36857698 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal vitrimers can be reprocessed, reshaped, welded, and healed due to exchange-reaction-enabled topology changes despite having fully covalently cross-linked network structures. Fabricating liquid crystal (LC) vitrimer actuators is invariably carried out above a characteristic temperature known as the topology freezing transition temperature (Tv). The reason that all exchange-reaction-based operations must be performed above Tv is because the exchange reaction is insignificant below Tv. Here we find that LC vitrimers can be reshaped at temperatures below the measured Tv, whereas non-LC vitrimers cannot. The work here not only makes it possible to create reprogrammable and stable LC vitrimer actuators at low temperatures but also reminds us that both our measurement and understanding of the Tv need further attention to facilitate the use of vitrimers in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Enjian He
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Hongtu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
- Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, China
| | - Yan Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, China.
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2
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Manarin E, Da Via F, Rigatelli B, Turri S, Griffini G. Bio-Based Vitrimers from 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid as Repairable, Reusable, and Recyclable Epoxy Systems. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:828-838. [PMID: 36660254 PMCID: PMC9841517 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of bio-based epoxy vitrimers were developed by reacting diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) at different molar ratios. Triazabicyclodecene was used as a transesterification catalyst to promote thermally induced exchange reactions. Differential scanning calorimetry, gel content measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the FDCA-DGEBA crosslinking reaction. The transesterification exchange reaction kinetics of such crosslinked systems was characterized via stress relaxation tests, evidencing an Arrhenius-type dependence of the relaxation time on temperature, and an activation energy of the dynamic rearrangement depending on the molar composition. In addition, self-healing, thermoformability, and mechanical recycling were demonstrated for the composition showing the faster topology rearrangement, namely, the FDCA/DGEBA molar ratio equal to 0.6. This work provides the first example of bio-based epoxy vitrimers incorporating FDCA, making these systems of primary importance in the field of reversible, high-performance epoxy materials for future circular economy scenarios.
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3
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Thia-Michael Reaction: The Route to Promising Covalent Adaptable Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204457. [PMID: 36298037 PMCID: PMC9609322 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Michael addition has been employed for more than 130 years for the synthesis of a vast diversity of compounds, the reversibility of this reaction when heteronucleophiles are involved has been generally less considered. First applied to medicinal chemistry, the reversible character of the hetero-Michael reactions has recently been explored for the synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs), in particular the thia-Michael reaction and more recently the aza-Michael reaction. In these cross-linked networks, exchange reactions take place between two Michael adducts by successive dissociation and association steps. In order to understand and precisely control the exchange in these CANs, it is necessary to get an insight into the critical parameters influencing the Michael addition and the dissociation rates of Michael adducts by reconsidering previous studies on these matters. This review presents the progress in the understanding of the thia-Michael reaction over the years as well as the latest developments and plausible future directions to prepare CANs based on this reaction. The potential of aza-Michael reaction for CANs application is highlighted in a specific section with comparison with thia-Michael-based CANs.
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4
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Lemouzy S, Cuminet F, Berne D, Caillol S, Ladmiral V, Poli R, Leclerc E. Understanding the Reshaping of Fluorinated Polyester Vitrimers by Kinetic and DFT Studies of the Transesterification Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201135. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34293 Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPS INPT Université de Toulouse 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1, rue Descartes 75231 Paris France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- ICGM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34293 Montpellier France
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5
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Li J, Zhang S, Ju B. Soft, fully bio‐based poly‐hydroxyl thermosets based on catalyst‐free transesterification with decent re‐processability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
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6
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Berne D, Cuminet F, Lemouzy S, Joly-Duhamel C, Poli R, Caillol S, Leclerc E, Ladmiral V. Catalyst-Free Epoxy Vitrimers Based on Transesterification Internally Activated by an α–CF3 Group. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Cuminet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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7
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Van Lijsebetten F, De Bruycker K, Spiesschaert Y, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Suppressing Creep and Promoting Fast Reprocessing of Vitrimers with Reversibly Trapped Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113872. [PMID: 34981887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a straightforward chemical strategy to tackle current challenges of irreversible deformation in low Tg vitrimers at operating temperature. In particular, vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers were prepared where reactive free amines, necessary for material flow, were temporarily shielded inside the network backbone, by adding a small amount of dibasic ester to the curing mixture. The amines could be released as reactive chain ends from the resulting dicarboxamide bonds via thermally reversible cyclisation to an imide moiety. Indeed, (re)generation of the required nucleophilic amines as network defects ensured reprocessing and rapid material flow at higher temperature, where exchange dynamics are (re)activated. As a result, VU vitrimers were obtained with limited creep at service temperature, yet with good reprocessability at elevated temperatures. Thus, by exerting strong control on the molecular level over the availability of exchangeable functional groups, a remarkable improvement of VU properties was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Van Lijsebetten
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Spiesschaert
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Van Lijsebetten F, De Bruycker K, Spiesschaert Y, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Suppressing Creep and Promoting Fast Reprocessing of Vitrimers with Reversibly Trapped Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Van Lijsebetten
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Yann Spiesschaert
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan M. Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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9
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Berne D, Coste G, Morales-Cerrada R, Boursier M, Pinaud J, Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Taking advantage of β-hydroxy amine enhanced reactivity and functionality for the synthesis of dual covalent adaptable networks. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the potential of β-hydroxy amines as building blocks for aza-Michael CANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilhem Coste
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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10
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Hamachi LS, Rau DA, Arrington CB, Sheppard DT, Fortman DJ, Long TE, Williams CB, Dichtel WR. Dissociative Carbamate Exchange Anneals 3D Printed Acrylates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38680-38687. [PMID: 34369767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Relative to other additive manufacturing modalities, vat photopolymerization (VP) offers designers superior surface finish, feature resolution, and throughput. However, poor interlayer network formation can limit a VP-printed part's tensile strength along the build axis. We demonstrate that the incorporation of carbamate bonds capable of undergoing dissociative exchange reactions provides improved interlayer network formation in VP-printed urethane acrylate polymers. In the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst, the exchange of these carbamate bonds enables rapid stress relaxation with an activation energy of 133 kJ/mol, consistent with a dissociative bond exchange process. Annealed XY tensile samples containing a catalyst demonstrate a 25% decrease in Young's modulus, attributed to statistical changes in network topology, while samples without a catalyst show no observable effect. Annealed ZX tensile samples printed with layers perpendicular to tensile load demonstrate an increase in elongation at break, indicative of self-healing. The strain at break for samples containing a catalyst increases from 33.9 to 56.0% after annealing but decreases from 48.1 to 32.1% after annealing in samples without a catalyst. This thermally activated bond exchange process improves the performance of VP-printed materials via self-healing across layers and provides a means to change Young's modulus after printing. Thus, the incorporation of carbamate bonds and appropriate catalysts in the VP-printing process provides a robust platform for enhancing material properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Daniel A Rau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Clay B Arrington
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Daylan T Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David J Fortman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Timothy E Long
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Christopher B Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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11
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Di Mauro C, Genua A, Mija A. Kinetical Study, Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics and Recyclability of Epoxidized Camelina Oil Cured with Antagonist Structure (Aliphatic/Aromatic) or Functionality (Acid/Amine) Hardeners. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2503. [PMID: 34372107 PMCID: PMC8347613 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to prepare sustainable epoxy thermosets, this study introduces for the first time the idea to use antagonist structures (aromatic/aliphatic) or functionalities (acid/amine) as hardeners to produce reprocessable resins based on epoxidized camelina oil (ECMO). Two kinds of mixtures were tested: one combines aromatic/aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid (DTBA) and 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDA); another is the combination of two aromatic structures with acid/amine functionality: DTBA and 4-aminophenyl disulfide (4-AFD). DSC and FT-IR analyses were used as methods to analyze the curing reaction of ECMO with the hardeners. It was found that the thermosets obtained with the dual crosslinked mechanism needed reduced curing temperatures and reprocessing protocols compared to the individual crosslinked thermosets. Thanks to the contribution of disulfide bonds in the network topology, the obtained thermosets showed recycling ability. The final thermomechanical properties of the virgin and mechanical reprocessed materials were analyzed by DMA and TGA. The obtained thermosets range from elastomeric to rigid materials. As an example, the ECMO/DTBA704-AFD30 virgin or reprocessed thermosets have tan δ values reaching 82-83 °C. The study also investigates the chemical recycling and the solvent resistance of these vitrimer-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Mauro
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France;
| | - Aratz Genua
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alice Mija
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France;
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12
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Rodin M, Li J, Kuckling D. Dually cross-linked single networks: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8147-8177. [PMID: 34059857 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymers have attracted an immense attention over the years, however, there are many flaws of these systems, e.g. softness and brittleness; such materials possess non-adjustable properties and cannot recover from damage and thus are limited in their practical applications. Supramolecular chemistry offers a variety of dynamic interactions that when integrated into polymeric gels endow the systems with reversibility and responsiveness to external stimuli. A combination of different cross-links in a single gel could be the key to tackle these drawbacks, since covalent or chemical cross-linking serve to maintain the permanent shape of the material and to improve overall mechanical performance, whereas non-covalent cross-links impart dynamicity, reversibility, stimuli-responsiveness and often toughness to the material. In the present review we sought to give a comprehensive overview of the progress in design strategies of different types of dually cross-linked single gels made by researchers over the past decade as well as the successful implementations of these advances in many demanding fields where versatile multifunctional materials are required, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, self-healing and adhesive systems, sensors as well as shape memory materials and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rodin
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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13
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Cuminet F, Caillol S, Dantras É, Leclerc É, Ladmiral V. Neighboring Group Participation and Internal Catalysis Effects on Exchangeable Covalent Bonds: Application to the Thriving Field of Vitrimer Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Éric Dantras
- CIRIMAT Physique des Polymères, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Leclerc
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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14
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Ricarte RG, Shanbhag S. Unentangled Vitrimer Melts: Interplay between Chain Relaxation and Cross-link Exchange Controls Linear Rheology. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sachin Shanbhag
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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15
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Hammer L, Van Zee NJ, Nicolaÿ R. Dually Crosslinked Polymer Networks Incorporating Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:396. [PMID: 33513741 PMCID: PMC7865237 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are polymeric networks containing covalent crosslinks that are dynamic under specific conditions. In addition to possessing the malleability of thermoplastics and the dimensional stability of thermosets, CANs exhibit a unique combination of physical properties, including adaptability, self-healing, shape-memory, stimuli-responsiveness, and enhanced recyclability. The physical properties and the service conditions (such as temperature, pH, and humidity) of CANs are defined by the nature of their constituent dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs). In response to the increasing demand for more sophisticated and adaptable materials, the scientific community has identified dual dynamic networks (DDNs) as a promising new class of polymeric materials. By combining two (or more) distinct crosslinkers in one system, a material with tailored thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties can be designed. One remarkable ability of DDNs is their capacity to combine dimensional stability, bond dynamicity, and multi-responsiveness. This review aims to give an overview of the advances in the emerging field of DDNs with a special emphasis on their design, structure-property relationships, and applications. This review illustrates how DDNs offer many prospects that single (dynamic) networks cannot provide and highlights the challenges associated with their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renaud Nicolaÿ
- Chimie Moléculaire, Macromoléculaire, Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; (L.H.); (N.J.V.Z.)
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16
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Dennis JM, Savage AM, Mrozek RA, Lenhart JL. Stimuli‐responsive mechanical properties in polymer glasses: challenges and opportunities for defense applications. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dennis
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Alice M Savage
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Randy A Mrozek
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Joseph L Lenhart
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
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17
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Di Mauro C, Malburet S, Genua A, Graillot A, Mija A. Sustainable Series of New Epoxidized Vegetable Oil-Based Thermosets with Chemical Recycling Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3923-3935. [PMID: 32790997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports for the first time the copolymerization studies of 11 newly synthesized epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) that reacted with a disulfide-based aromatic dicarboxylic acid (DCA) to produce thermoset materials with recyclability properties. These new EVOs' reactivity and properties were compared with those of the two commercial references: epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The structure-reactivity correlation is proposed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, corroborating the epoxy content of EVO monomers, the initiator effect, the copolymerization reaction enthalpy, and the temperature range. The thermomechanical properties of the obtained thermosets were evaluated and discussed in correlation with the structure and reactivity of monomers by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile testing, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It has been found that the higher the EVO functionality, the higher is the reactivity, cross-linking density, and final performances, with tan δ values ranging from 34 to 111 °C. This study investigates the chemical recycling and the solvent resistance of these vitrimer-like materials that have a high bio-based carbon content, from 58 to 79%, with potential application in coating or composite materials in the automotive sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Mauro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, Cedex 2, France
| | - Samuel Malburet
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, Zac Via Domitia, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Aratz Genua
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIDETEC, Paseo Miramón 196, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Alain Graillot
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, Zac Via Domitia, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Alice Mija
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, Cedex 2, France
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18
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Menager C, Guigo N, Vincent L, Sbirrazzuoli N. Polymerization kinetic pathways of epoxidized linseed oil with aliphatic bio‐based dicarboxylic acids. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Menager
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN)Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272 Nice France
| | - Nathanaël Guigo
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN)Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272 Nice France
| | - Luc Vincent
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN)Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272 Nice France
| | - Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN)Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272 Nice France
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Jourdain A, Asbai R, Anaya O, Chehimi MM, Drockenmuller E, Montarnal D. Rheological Properties of Covalent Adaptable Networks with 1,2,3-Triazolium Cross-Links: The Missing Link between Vitrimers and Dissociative Networks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Rawnaq Asbai
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Omaima Anaya
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed M. Chehimi
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UMR 7182, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Univ Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, F-69003 Lyon, France
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