1
|
Augaitis N, Vaitkus S, Kairytė A, Vėjelis S, Šeputytė-Jucikė J, Balčiūnas G, Kremensas A. Research on Thermal Stability and Flammability of Wood Scob-Based Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation Impregnated with Multicomponent Suspensions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2809. [PMID: 38930179 PMCID: PMC11204699 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Loose-fill thermal composite insulation produced from surface-modified wood scobs has been explored as a potential fire-resistant material for building envelopes. This work involves fire resistance behavior comparisons between four coating systems consisting of liquid glass, liquid glass-tung oil, liquid glass-expandable graphite, and liquid glass-tung oil-expandable graphite. The techniques of thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses, gross heat combustion via a calorimetric bomb, cone calorimetry, SEM imaging of char residues, and energy dispersive spectrometry for elemental analysis, as well as propensity to undergo continuous smoldering, were implemented. The coating technique resulted in greater thermal stability at a higher temperature range (500-650 °C) of the resulting loose-fill thermal composite insulation, reduced flame-damaged area heights after the exposure of samples at 45° for 15 s and 30 s, with a maximum of 49% decreased gross heat combustion, reduced heat release and total smoke release rates, improved char residue layer formation during combustion and changed smoldering behavior due to the formation of homogeneous and dense carbon layers. The results showed that the highest positive impact was obtained using the liquid glass and liquid glass-expandable graphite system because of the ability of the liquid glass to cover the wood scob particle surface and form a stable and strong expanding carbon layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerijus Augaitis
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (S.V.); (A.K.); (S.V.); (J.Š.-J.); (G.B.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Sun Y, Zhang B, Qi G. Mechanical, Flame-Retardant and Dielectric Properties of Intumescent Flame Retardant/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene through a Novel Dispersed Distribution Mode. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1341. [PMID: 38794533 PMCID: PMC11125219 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of continuous glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene thermoplastic composites (GF/PP) is limited due to the inadequate flame retardancy of the polypropylene (PP) matrix. Apart from altering the composition of the flame retardants, the distribution modes of flame retardants also impact material performance. In this study, an alternative approach involving non-uniform distribution is proposed, namely, dispersed distribution, in which non-flame-retardant-content layers (NFRLs) and/or low-flame-retardant-content layers (LFRLs) are dispersed among high-flame-retardant-content layers (HFRLs). The mechanical, flame retardant and dielectric properties of GF/PP with intumescent flame retardant (IFR/GF/PP) are investigated comparatively under uniform, gradient, and dispersed distributions of the flame retardants. The results demonstrate that non-uniform distribution exhibits superior flame retardant performance compared to uniform distribution. Dispersed distribution enables IFR/GF/PP to attain enhanced mechanical properties and reduced dielectric constants while maintaining excellent flame-retardant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yiliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Boming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Guocheng Qi
- Department of Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li M, Chen Y, Kong Z, Sun Z, Qian L. Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18151-18164. [PMID: 37251156 PMCID: PMC10210028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), excellent flame retardancy and transparency are required. However, higher flame retardancy is often at the expense of transparency. It is difficult to achieve high flame retardancy while maintaining the transparency of TPU. In this work, a kind of TPU composite with good flame retardancy and light transmittance was obtained by adding a new synthetic flame retardant named DCPCD, which was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriamine and diphenyl phosphorochloridate. Experimental results showed that 6.0 wt % DCPCD endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.3%, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU composite was dramatically reduced from 1292 kW/m2 (pure TPU) to 514 kW/m2 by adding only 1 wt % DCPCD. With the increase of DCPCD contents, the PHRR and total heat release gradually decreased, and the char residue gradually increased. More importantly, the addition of DCPCD has little effect on the transparency and haze of TPU composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and composition of the char residue for TPU/DCPCD composites and explore the flame retardant mechanism of DCPCD in TPU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zimeng Kong
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramanathan S, Kasemchainan J, Chuang HC, Sobral AJFN, Poompradub S. Rhodamine B dye degradation using used face masks-derived carbon coupled with peroxymonosulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121386. [PMID: 36868547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic carbon materials from used face masks (UFM) activated by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were developed for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye in aqueous solution. The UFM-derived carbon (UFMC) catalyst had a relatively large surface area as well as active functional groups and promoted the generation of singlet 1O2 and radicals from PMS, giving a high RhB degradation performance (98.1% after 3 h) in the presence of 3 mM PMS. The UFMC could degrade only 13.7% at a minimal RhB dose of 10-5 M. The principal reactive oxygen species of sulphate (SO4•), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet 1O2 were discovered using electron paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenger studies. Finally, a toxicological plant and bacterial study was performed to demonstrate the potential non-toxicity of the degraded RhB water sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramaninan Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitti Kasemchainan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | | | - Sirilux Poompradub
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Green Materials for Industrial Application, Faculty of Science, Chulanongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Wu J, Mei C, Yang R, He W, Li X, Cai L, Guo M, Li J, Xia C. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of multilayered composites prepared through novel multilayering approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113724. [PMID: 35732201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and flame-retardant properties of traditional composites have limitations that are not satisfied for the various applications. Multilayered materials have great potential to improve material properties. The present paper focused on designing new multilayering approach to fabricate flame retardant multilayered materials with a very basic instrument and several simple steps. Montmorillonite nanoparticles filled maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composites were prepared by the melt-blending method, and the multilayered composites with polypropylene alternating multilayers were fabricated by the quadruple-layering approach. The multilayer structure was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer. The influence of layer structure on the thermal stability, thermal conductivity and flame-retardant properties was investigated by the comparison with the conventional composites. Multilayered composites showed enhanced flame-retardant properties with lower peak heat release rate and better char formation compared to conventional composites with the same mass fraction of montmorillonite. Multilayered composites had higher mass fraction of montmorillonite in filled layers and no fillers in other layers, which caused the unequal distribution of montmorillonite, resulting in changes of thermal and flame-retardant properties of the materials especially in the perpendicular direction to the film surface. This study demonstrates a unique multilayering approach that has potential to be used in variety applications such as food and medical packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Changtong Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Wen He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; DeHua TB New Decoration Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; DeHua TB New Decoration Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atinafu DG, Yun BY, Wi S, Kang Y, Kim S. A comparative analysis of biochar, activated carbon, expanded graphite, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with respect to PCM loading and energy-storage capacities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110853. [PMID: 33567299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain high thermal performance composite phase change materials (PCMs), various other supporting materials have been utilized to encapsulate organic PCMs. In this study, four carbon materials (biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and expanded graphite) were introduced to support heptadecane. The composite PCMs were designed using vacuum impregnation techniques. The structural stability, chemical compatibility, thermal stability, and thermal energy storage capacity of the as-prepared materials were systematically characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. Among the supporting materials, expanded graphite had a high PCM content of 94.5%, whereas it was low for biochar-supported PCM (25.7%). Meanwhile, the latent heat storage capacity ranged from 53.3 J/g to 195.9 J/g. It was observed that the intermolecular interactions between the PCM and supporting materials and the surface functionality of the encapsulating agents play a leading role in the thermal performance of the composite PCMs. Furthermore, pore structures such as specific surface area, total pore volume, and pore size distribution have a combined effect on the crystallinity of heptadecane in the composite PCMs. The study will provide insight into developing and designing carbon-based composite PCMs for heat-storage purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimberu G Atinafu
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Yeol Yun
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Wi
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kang
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meena M, Jacob J. Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahipal Meena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Josemon Jacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Shi M, Yang W, Yan H, Zhang C, An Y, Zhang F. Experimental investigation of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of
APP
/
EG
/
TPU
multilayer composites prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Meinong Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang L, Liu P, Su H, Qian H, Ma H. One‐step fabrication of superhydrophobic sponge with magnetic controllable and flame‐retardancy for oil removing and collecting. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsTarim University Alar Xinjiang China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsTarim University Alar Xinjiang China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Haijian Su
- China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd. Qing Dao Shandong China
| | - Hang Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Hongkun Ma
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsTarim University Alar Xinjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu D, Hu A. The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E520. [PMID: 31978972 PMCID: PMC7040678 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve thermal insulation, microencapsulated phase change materials (micro-PCMs), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were introduced into polyurethane foam (PUF) to enhance the thermal stability and improve the thermal insulation behavior. The morphology of the PUF and micro-PCM was studied using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), while the thermophysical properties of the PUF were investigated using a hot disk thermal constants analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the PUF was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the gas products volatilized from the PUF were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR). The results revealed that the thermal conductivities of the PUF were reduced because micro-PCM is effective in absorbing energy, showing that the PUF functions not only as a thermal insulation material but also as a heat sink for energy absorption. Moreover, the EG and APP were found to be effective in improving the thermal stabilities of the PUF, and the optimized formulation among EG, APP, and micro-PCMs in the PUF showed a significant synergistic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjie Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| |
Collapse
|