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Goudot S, Mathieu L, Herbelin P, Soreau S, Jorand FPA. Growth dynamic of biofilm-associated Naegleria fowleri in freshwater on various materials. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369665. [PMID: 38511008 PMCID: PMC10951111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In industrial water systems, the occurrence of biofilm-associated pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) such as Naegleria fowleri is a potential hygienic problem, and factors associated with its occurrence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four cooling circuit materials on the growth of N. fowleri in a freshwater biofilm formed at 42°C and under a hydrodynamic shear rate of 17 s-1 (laminar flow): polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, brass, and titanium. Colonization of the freshwater biofilms by N. fowleri was found to be effective on polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, and titanium. For these three materials, the ratio of (bacterial prey)/(amoeba) was found to control the growth of N. fowleri. All materials taken together, a maximum specific growth rate of 0.18 ± 0.07 h-1 was associated with a generation time of ~4 h. In contrast, no significant colonization of N. fowleri was found on brass. Therefore, the contribution of copper is strongly suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goudot
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy, France
| | | | - Pascaline Herbelin
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
| | - Sylvie Soreau
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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2
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Pereira AR, Gomes IB, Simões M. Impact of parabens on drinking water bacteria and their biofilms: The role of exposure time and substrate materials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117413. [PMID: 36764214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parabens have been detected in drinking water (DW) worldwide, however, their impact on DW microbial communities remains to be explored. Microorganisms can easily adapt to environmental changes. Therefore, their exposure to contaminants of emerging concern, particularly parabens, in DW distribution systems (DWDS) may affect the microbiological quality and safety of the DW reaching the consumers tap. This work provides a pioneer evaluation of the effects of methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), and their combination (MIX), in bacterial biofilms formed on different surfaces, representative of DWDS materials - high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PPL) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, isolated from DW, were used to form single and dual-species biofilms on the surface materials selected. The exposure to MP for 7 days caused the most significant effects on biofilms, by increasing their cellular culturability, density, and thickness up to 233%, 150%, and 224%, respectively, in comparison to non-exposed biofilms. Overall, more pronounced alterations were detected for single biofilms than for dual-species biofilms when HDPE and PPL, demonstrating that the surface material used affected the action of parabens on biofilms. Swimming motility and the production of virulence factors (protease and gelatinase) by S. maltophilia were increased up to 141%, 41%, and 73%, respectively, when exposed to MP for 7 days. The overall results highlight the potential of parabens to interfere with DW bacteria in planktonic state and biofilms, and compromise the DW microbiological quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Sójka O, Keskin D, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC. Nanogel-based coating as an alternative strategy for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:121-134. [PMID: 36946276 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2190023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and detachment in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can lead to several operational issues. Here, an alternative biofilm control strategy of limiting bacterial adhesion by application of a poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)-based nanogel coating on DWDS pipe walls was investigated. The nanogel coatings were successfully deposited on surfaces of four polymeric pipe materials commonly applied in DWDS construction. Nanogel-coated and non-coated pipe materials were characterized in terms of their surface hydrophilicity and roughness. Four DWDS relevant bacterial strains, representing Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas, were used to evaluate the anti-adhesive performance of the coating in 4 h adhesion and 24 h biofilm assays. The presence of the nanogel coating resulted in adhesion reduction up to 97%, and biofilm reduction up to 98%, compared to non-coated surfaces. These promising results motivate further investigation of nanogel coatings as a strategy for biofilm prevention in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sójka
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Damla Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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4
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Sójka O, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC. Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-based hydrogel coating for drinking water distribution systems to inhibit adhesion of waterborne bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1066126. [PMID: 36896012 PMCID: PMC9989184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be a nuisance, leading to several operational and maintenance issues (i.e., increased secondary disinfectants demand, pipe damage or increased flow resistance), and so far, no single control practice was found to be sufficiently effective. Here, we propose poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(SBMA))-based hydrogel coating application as a biofilm control strategy in DWDS. The P(SBMA) coating was synthetized through photoinitiated free radical polymerization on polydimethylsiloxane with different combinations of SBMA as a monomer, and N, N'-methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) as a cross-linker. The most stable coating in terms of its mechanical properties was obtained using 20% SBMA with a 20:1 SBMA:BIS ratio. The coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The anti-adhesive performance of the coating was evaluated in a parallel-plate flow chamber system against adhesion of four bacterial strains representing genera commonly identified in DWDS biofilm communities, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The selected strains exhibited varying adhesion behaviors in terms of attachment density and bacteria distribution on the surface. Despite these differences, after 4 h, presence of the P(SBMA)-based hydrogel coating significantly reduced the number of adhering bacteria by 97%, 94%, 98% and 99%, for Sphingomonas Sph5, Sphingomonas Sph10, Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, compared to non-coated surfaces. These findings motivate further research into a potential application of a hydrogel anti-adhesive coating as a localized biofilm control strategy in DWDS, especially on materials known to promote excessive biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sójka
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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5
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Arruda V, Simões M, Gomes IB. The impact of synthetic musk compounds in biofilms from drinking water bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129185. [PMID: 35739716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musk fragrances have been detected in drinking water (DW) at trace concentrations. However, their impact on the microbial quality of DW has been disregarded. This work provides a pioneer evaluation of the effects of two synthetic musks contaminants, tonalide (AHTN) and galaxolide (HHCB), in microbial biofilms formed on two different surfaces, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and stainless steel AISI 316 (SS316). Three bacterial species isolated from DW (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Burkholderia cepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), were used to develop 7-day-old single and mixed species biofilms. The impact of musks was assessed directly on biofilms but also on the bacteria motility, biofilm formation ability and biofilm susceptibility to chlorination. AHTN musk caused the most remarkable effects by increasing the cellular density and viability of mixed biofilms, and the extracellular polysaccharides content of biofilms on SS316. Most of the alterations caused by the direct exposure of biofilms to musks were observed when SS316 was used as an adhesion surface. In contrast, the ability to form biofilms and their susceptibility to chlorine were more affected for bacteria from HHCB-exposed biofilms on PVC. The overall results demonstrate that the presence of musks at residual concentrations influences DW bacterial dynamics, with the potential to impact the DW quality and safety. The type of plumbing material may further impact the effects of musks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Arruda
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Aldhameer A, El-Eskandarany MS, Banyan M, Alajmi F, Kishk M. Synthesis, and characterization of metallic glassy Cu-Zr-Ni powders decorated with big cube Zr 2Ni nanoparticles for potential antibiofilm coating applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13163. [PMID: 35915147 PMCID: PMC9343606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, are significant component that contributes to the development of chronic infections, especially when medical devices are involved. This issue offers a huge challenge for the medical community since standard antibiotics are only capable of eradicating biofilms to a very limited degree. The prevention of biofilm formation have led to the development of a variety of coating methods and new materials. These methods are intended to coat surfaces in such a way as to inhibit the formation of biofilm. Metallic glassy alloys, in particular, alloys that include copper and titanium metals have gained popularity as desirable antibacterial coating. Meanwhile, there has been a rise in the use of the cold spray coating technique due to the fact that it is a proper approach for processing temperature-sensitive materials. The present study was carried out in part with the intention of developing a new antibiofilm metallic glassy consisting of ternary Cu–Zr–Ni using mechanical alloying technique. The spherical powders that comprised the end-product were utilized as feedstock materials for cold spray coatings to stainless steel surfaces at low temperature. When compared to stainless steel, substrates coated with metallic glassy were able to significantly reduce the formation of biofilm by at least one log.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aldhameer
- Biotechnology Program, Environment & Life Science Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - M Sherif El-Eskandarany
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mohmmad Banyan
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Fahad Alajmi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Kishk
- Biotechnology Program, Environment & Life Science Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Kuwait, Kuwait
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7
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The role of biofilm in the development and dissemination of ubiquitous pathogens in drinking water distribution systems: an overview of surveillance, outbreaks, and prevention. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:36. [PMID: 33507414 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms can survive in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) by forming stable biofilms and, thus, continually disseminating their population through the system's dynamic water bodies. The ingestion of the pathogen-contaminated water could trigger a broad spectrum of illnesses and well-being-related obstacles. These waterborne diseases are a significant concern for babies, pregnant women, and significantly low-immune individuals. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the microbiological aspects of drinking water quality, biofilm formation and its dynamics, health issues caused by the emerging microbes in biofilm, and approaches for biofilm investigation its prevention and suppression in DWDS.
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8
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Liu G, Yu R, Jiang J, Ding Z, Ma J, Liang R. Robust immobilization of anionic silver nanoparticles on cellulose filter paper toward a low-cost point-of-use water disinfection system with improved anti-biofouling properties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4873-4882. [PMID: 35424442 PMCID: PMC8694556 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-decorated cellulose filter paper (FP), a low-cost point-of-use (POU) water disinfection system, can supply affordable and safe drinking water for people in desperate need, especially in rural areas in developing countries. However, owing to the unstable immobilization of AgNPs, silver can leach into the treated drinking water from the FP and exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water limit (<100 μg L-1), which is a potential threat to both human health and the environment. In this work, in order to robustly immobilize anionic silver nanoparticles (GA@AgNPs), we facilely prepared lipoic acid-modified cellulose filter paper (LA-FP), in which GA@AgNPs were robustly immobilized onto filter paper (GA@AgNPs-LA-FP) by strong chelation via the disulfide bond of LA with the surface of the silver nanoparticles. GA@AgNPs-LA-FP exhibited both excellent bacterial anti-adhesion activity and strong bactericidal activity, which can synergistically mitigate biofouling by inhibiting biofilm formation on the paper surface. Moreover, employed as a gravity-driven bactericidal filter, the GA@AgNPs-LA-FP membrane treated 100 mL of river water within 10 min, and the resulting water quality met the WHO drinking water standards, indicating this material's practical application for POU water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyan Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ruiquan Yu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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9
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Gomes IB, Simões M, Simões LC. Copper Surfaces in Biofilm Control. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2491. [PMID: 33322518 PMCID: PMC7764739 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are structures comprising microorganisms associated to surfaces and enclosed by an extracellular polymeric matrix produced by the colonizer cells. These structures protect microorganisms from adverse environmental conditions. Biofilms are typically associated with several negative impacts for health and industries and no effective strategy for their complete control/eradication has been identified so far. The antimicrobial properties of copper are well recognized among the scientific community, which increased their interest for the use of these materials in different applications. In this review the use of different copper materials (copper, copper alloys, nanoparticles and copper-based coatings) in medical settings, industrial equipment and plumbing systems will be discussed considering their potential to prevent and control biofilm formation. Particular attention is given to the mode of action of copper materials. The putative impact of copper materials in the health and/or products quality is reviewed taking into account their main use and the possible effects on the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B. Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lúcia C. Simões
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
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Pietsch F, O'Neill AJ, Ivask A, Jenssen H, Inkinen J, Kahru A, Ahonen M, Schreiber F. Selection of resistance by antimicrobial coatings in the healthcare setting. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:115-125. [PMID: 32535196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial touch surfaces have been introduced in healthcare settings with the aim of supporting existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which may drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights studies that indicate risks associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes, including evolution by de-novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed on to antimicrobial surfaces. The review focuses on antimicrobial surfaces made of copper, silver and antimicrobial peptides because of the practical application of copper and silver, and the promising characteristics of antimicrobial peptides. The available data point to a potential for resistance selection and a subsequent increase in resistant strains via cross-resistance and co-resistance conferred by metal and antibiotic resistance traits. However, translational studies describing the development of resistance to antimicrobial touch surfaces in healthcare-related environments are rare, and will be needed to assess whether and how antimicrobial surfaces lead to resistance selection in these settings. Such studies will need to consider numerous variables, including the antimicrobial concentrations present in coatings, the occurrence of biofilms on surfaces, and the humidity relevant to dry-surface environments. On-site tests on the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings should routinely evaluate the risk of selection associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietsch
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J O'Neill
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - J Inkinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M Ahonen
- Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, WANDER Nordic Water and Materials Institute, Rauma, Finland.
| | - F Schreiber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Zhu Z, Shan L, Hu F, Li Z, Zhong D, Yuan Y, Zhang J. Biofilm formation potential and chlorine resistance of typical bacteria isolated from drinking water distribution systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31295-31304. [PMID: 35520667 PMCID: PMC9056398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the main carrier of microbial communities throughout drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), and strongly affect the safety of drinking water. Understanding biofilm formation potential and chlorine resistance is necessary for exploring future disinfection strategies and preventing water-borne diseases. This study investigated biofilm formation of five bacterial strains isolated from a simulated DWDS at different incubation times (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h), then evaluated chlorine resistance of 72 h incubated biofilms under chlorine concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2, 4, and 10 mg L−1. All five bacterial strains had biofilm formation potential when incubated for 72 h. The biofilm formation potential of Acinetobacter sp. was stronger than that of Bacillus cereus, Microbacterium sp. and Sphingomonas sp. were moderate, and that of Acidovorax sp. was weak. In contrast, the order of chlorine resistance was Bacillus sp. > Sphingomonas sp. > Microbacterium sp. > Acidovorax sp. > Acinetobacter sp. Thus, the chlorine resistance of a single-species biofilm has little relation with the biofilm formation potential. The biofilm biomass is not a major factor affecting chlorine resistance. Moreover, the chlorine resistance of a single-species biofilm is highly related to the physiological state of bacterial cells, such as their ability to form spores or secrete extracellular polymeric substances, which could reduce the sensitivity of the single-species biofilm to a disinfectant or otherwise protect the biofilm. Biofilms are the main carrier of microbial communities throughout drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), and strongly affect the safety of drinking water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- East China Jiao Tong University
- Nanchang
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
| | - Lili Shan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- East China Jiao Tong University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Fengping Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- East China Jiao Tong University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Zehua Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- East China Jiao Tong University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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