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Dhara HN, Rakshit A, Alam T, Patel BK. Metal-catalyzed reactions of organic nitriles and boronic acids to access diverse functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4243-4277. [PMID: 35552581 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile or cyano (-CN) group is one of the most appreciated and effective functional groups in organic synthesis, having a polar unsaturated C-N triple bond. Despite sufficient stability and being intrinsically inert, the nitrile group can be easily transformed into many other functional groups, such as amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, etc. which makes it a vital group in organic synthesis. On the other hand, despite several boronic acids having a low level of genotoxicity, they have found wide applicability in the field of organic synthesis, especially in transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Recently, transition-metal-catalyzed cascade additions or addition/cyclization processes of boronic acids to the nitrile group open up exciting and useful strategies to prepare a variety of functional molecules through the formation of C-C, C-N and CO bonds. Boronic acids can be added to the cyano functionality through catalytic carbometallation or through a radical cascade process to provide newer pathways for the rapid construction of various important acyclic ketones or amides, carbamidines, carbocycles and N,O-heterocycles. The present review focuses on various transition-metal-catalyzed additions of boronic acids via carbometallation or radical cascade processes using the cyano group as an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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2
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Ma QQ, Li CJ, Liao WW. Selective synthesis of functionalized α,β-multi-substituted α-amino cyclopentanones via an α-iminol rearrangement enabled by Pd-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to nitriles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to construct α, β-multi-substituted α-amino cyclopentanones is described through an α-iminol rearrangement enabled by Pd-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Ma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jing Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
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Cui SQ, Cheng N, Ma QQ, Wei ZL, Liao WW. Palladium-catalyzed direct construction of oxazoline-containing polycyclic scaffolds via tandem addition/cyclization of nitriles and arylboronic acids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient construction of oxazoline-containing polycyclic scaffolds through a Pd-catalyzed addition/cyclization of (hetero)arene tethered O-acyl cyanohydrin units and arylboronic acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qiang Cui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Ma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
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Zhang G, Yu Y, He C, Wang Z, Chen Y. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) Coupling: A Direct Approach to Multi-Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of multi-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines via palladium(II)-catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) cascade coupling and intramolecular cyclization in the presence of ligand was developed. This reaction originates from phenylboronic acids and readily synthesized 2-carbonyl- or 2-formylpyrroloacetonitriles, and affords products in good to excellent yields for a diversity of substrates. Additionally, a possible mechanism for the transformation is proposed.
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Saranya PV, Neetha M, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of spirooxindoles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7146-7179. [PMID: 35423236 PMCID: PMC8695110 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirooxindole is a principal bioactive agent and is observed in several natural products including alkaloids. They are broadly studied in the pharmaceutical field and have a significant role in the evolution of drugs such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-microbial etc. In organic chemistry, an indispensable role is presented by transition metal catalysts. An effective synthetic perspective to spirooxindoles is the use of transition metals as the catalyst. This review discusses the synthesis of spirooxindoles catalyzed by transition metals and covers literature up to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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6
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Cheng N, Cui SQ, Ma QQ, Wei ZL, Liao WW. α-Iminol Rearrangement Triggered by Pd-Catalyzed C-H Addition to Nitriles Sequences: Synthesis of Functionalized α-Amino Cyclopentanones. Org Lett 2021; 23:1021-1025. [PMID: 33496596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A α-iminol rearrangement triggered by Pd-catalyzed C-H addition of electronic-rich heteroarenes to cyclobutanone-derived O-acyl cyanohydrins was described, which provided a practical and efficient protocol for the preparation of functionalized α-amino cyclopentanones in an atom- and step-economic fashion. In addition, further synthetic transformations of products have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qiang Cui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Ma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Dai L, Yu S, Shao Y, Li R, Chen Z, Lv N, Chen J. Palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of simple arenes and cascade reaction with nitriles: access to 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1376-1379. [PMID: 33433549 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward protocol for the assembly of the pharmaceutically and biologically valuable oxazole skeleton is achieved for the first time from readily available simple arenes and functionalized aliphatic nitriles. This transformation involves palladium-catalyzed C-H activation, carbopalladation and a tandem annulation sequence in one pot. Notably, the reaction proceeds efficiently under redox-neutral conditions, and exhibits high atom-economy. Deuterium-labeling experiments suggested that C-H bond cleavage of the simple arenes might be the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dai
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Yao X, Qi L, Li R, Zhen Q, Liu J, Zhao Z, Shao Y, Hu M, Chen J. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of δ-Ketonitriles with Arylboronic Acids: Synthesis of Pyridines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:114-119. [PMID: 32049476 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first example of the Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions of 5-oxohexanenitrile with arylboronic acids, affording important synthon 2-methylpyridines that can be further translated through C(sp3)-H functionalization to construct pyridine derivatives. Furthermore, this chemistry allows 5-oxo-5-arylpentanenitrile to react with arylboronic acids to provide unsymmetrical 2,6-diarylpyridines. This protocol paves the way for the practical and atom economical syntheses of valuable pyridines with broad functional groups in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jichao Liu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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Zhen Q, Li R, Qi L, Hu K, Yao X, Shao Y, Chen J. Nickel(ii)-catalyzed C–C, N–C cascade coupling of ketonitriles into substituted pyrroles and pyridines. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first example of nickel complexes as effectively catalyst to C–C, N–C cascade coupling of ketonitriles with arylboronic acids, affording 2,5-diarylpyrroles and 2,6-diarylpyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Xinrong Yao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
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