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Araji H, Nakhoul M, Challita E, Barmo N, Wex B. Cross-over from pyrene to acene optical and electronic properties: a theoretical investigation of a series of pyrene derivatives fused with N-, S, and O-containing heterocycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18466-18475. [PMID: 38916479 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pyrene and acene derivatives are an important source of materials for optoelectronic device applications both as emitters and organic semiconductors. The mobility of major charge carriers is correlated with the coupling constants of the respective major charge carrier as well as the relaxation energies. Herein, we have applied range-separated density functionals for the estimation of said values. A series of five alkylated derivatives of pyrene laterally extended by heteroaromatic or phenyl groups were explored and contrasted to nascent pyrene, alkylated pyrene and tetracene. The ground state geometries along with absorption properties and relaxation energies are presented as well as a discussion of the suitability of the material toward hole and electron transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachem Araji
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Nakhoul
- Lebanese American University, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elio Challita
- Lebanese American University, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nour Barmo
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Brigitte Wex
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Nematiaram T, Troisi A. Feasibility of p-Doped Molecular Crystals as Transparent Conductive Electrodes via Virtual Screening. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:4050-4061. [PMID: 35573107 PMCID: PMC9097283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conducting materials are an essential component of optoelectronic devices. It is proven difficult, however, to develop high-performance materials that combine the often-incompatible properties of transparency and conductivity, especially for p-type-doped materials. In this work, we have employed a large set of molecular semiconductors extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database to evaluate the likelihood of transparent conducting material technology based on p-type-doped molecular crystals. Candidates are identified imposing the condition of high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (for the material to be easily dopable), high charge carrier mobility (for the material to display large conductivity when doped), and a high threshold for energy absorption (for the material to absorb radiation only in the ultraviolet). The latest condition is found to be the most stringent criterion in a virtual screening protocol on a database composed of structures with sufficiently wide two-dimensional (2D) electronic bands. Calculation of excited-state energy is shown to be essential as the HOMO-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap cannot be reliably used to predict the transparency of this material class. Molecular semiconductors with desirable mobility are transparent because they display either forbidden electronic transition(s) to the lower excited states or small exchange energy between the frontier orbitals. Both features are difficult to design but can be found in a good number of compounds through virtual screening.
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Yan DW, Li XD, Li PC, Tang WL, Ren HH, Yan YG. Conferring fluorescence tracking function to polyphenylene sulfide by embedding the pyrene into the backbone at the molecular level: Design and synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liang C, Li M, Chen Y. Amphiphilic Diazapyrenes with Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20698-20707. [PMID: 33881818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic diazapyrenes exhibiting switchable fluorescence under the stimulus of mechanical force or water vapor are reported for the first time. Comprehensive studies of their photophysical properties in different states based on UV-Vis absorption, FL emission, FT-IR spectroscopy, and XRD analysis have revealed a stimuli-induced excimer-based sensing mechanism. The relationship between molecular structures and optical responsive properties of these diazapyrene derivatives is illustrated. Moreover, the unique fluorescent, stimuli-responsive behaviors of these diazapyrene compounds in the solid state are used to fabricate sensory films for successively and orthogonally sensing mechanical force and water vapor. In contrast to the well-established knowledge on the transformation between the pyrene monomer and excimer, our study offers valuable information about the unknown diazapyrene excimers and demonstrates their potential applications in biocompatible force sensors, data storage, and humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
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Aleotti F, Aranda D, Yaghoubi Jouybari M, Garavelli M, Nenov A, Santoro F. Parameterization of a linear vibronic coupling model with multiconfigurational electronic structure methods to study the quantum dynamics of photoexcited pyrene. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104106. [PMID: 33722019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With this work, we present a protocol for the parameterization of a Linear Vibronic Coupling (LVC) Hamiltonian for quantum dynamics using highly accurate multiconfigurational electronic structure methods such as RASPT2/RASSCF, combined with a maximum-overlap diabatization technique. Our approach is fully portable and can be applied to many medium-size rigid molecules whose excited state dynamics requires a quantum description. We present our model and discuss the details of the electronic structure calculations needed for the parameterization, analyzing critical situations that could arise in the case of strongly interacting excited states. The protocol was applied to the simulation of the excited state dynamics of the pyrene molecule, starting from either the first or the second bright state (S2 or S5). The LVC model was benchmarked against state-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations with optimizations and energy scans and turned out to be very accurate. The dynamics simulations, performed including all active normal coordinates with the multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method, show good agreement with the available experimental data, endorsing prediction of the excited state mechanism, especially for S5, whose ultrafast deactivation mechanism was not yet clearly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Aleotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martha Yaghoubi Jouybari
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Kim S, Ahn DS, Ahn M, Wee KR, Choi J, Ihee H. Charge transfer induced by electronic state mixing in a symmetric X-Y-X-type multi-chromophore system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28440-28447. [PMID: 33305764 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) from electron donor (D) to acceptor (A) plays an important role in photoelectric or electrochemical devices and is a useful concept for a molecule with D and A well distinguishable. Here, we report our finding that even in a molecule with D and A not resolvable, CT can be induced by electronic state mixing (ESM) in a symmetric multi-chromophore system (MCS), namely 1,4-di(1-pyrenyl)benzene (Py-Benz-Py). Unlike Py and Py-Benz, Py-Benz-Py exhibits unique photophysical properties attributable to the reduction of the energy gap between two electronic states induced by ESM. The ESM for Py-Benz-Py is due to the extended π-conjugation owing to the further introduction of Py into Py-Benz, and consequently leads to the favorable intramolecular CT, followed by the planarization due to the twisting motion between Py and phenyl moieties. Time-resolved spectroscopic data demonstrate that the twisting process of the Py moiety in acetonitrile occurs with two unequal time constants, suggesting the localized CT state and the asynchronous twisting dynamics of two Py moieties unlike the delocalized CT state in nonpolar and low-polarity solvents leading to the synchronous twisting of two Py moieties. This means that the symmetry-breaking CT in MCSs can induce an asynchronous twisting motion. The results reported here support that a molecule without CT can be turned into another molecule with CT induced by ESM and demonstrate that the excited-state relaxation dynamics can be regulated through the ESM induced by introducing the substituents or changing the environmental factors such as solvent polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Chadwick RJ, Wickham K, Besley NA. Simulation of vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of neutral and cationic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe identification of the carriers of the absorption features associated with the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is a long-standing problem in astronomical spectroscopy. Computational simulations can contribute to the assignment of the carriers of DIBs since variations in molecular structure and charge state can be studied more readily than through experimental measurements. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been proposed as potential carriers of these bands, and it is shown that simulations based upon density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations can describe the vibrational structure observed in experiment for neutral and cationic naphthalene and pyrene. The vibrational structure arises from a small number of vibrational modes involving in-plane atomic motions, and the Franck–Condon–Herzberg–Teller approximation improves the predicted spectra in comparison with the Franck–Condon approximation. The study also highlights the challenges for the calculations to enable the assignment in the absence of experimental data, namely prediction of the energy separation between the different electronic states to a sufficient level of accuracy and performing vibrational analysis for higher-lying electronic states.
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Shao X, Aquino AJA, Otyepka M, Nachtigallová D, Lischka H. Tuning the UV spectrum of PAHs by means of different N-doping types taking pyrene as paradigmatic example: categorization via valence bond theory and high-level computational approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22003-22015. [PMID: 32975249 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning of the electronic spectra of carbon dots by means of inserting heteroatoms into the π-conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) system is a popular tool to achieve a broad range of absorption and emission frequencies. Especially nitrogen atoms have been used successfully for that purpose. Despite the significant progress achieved with these procedures, the prediction of specific shifts in the UV-vis spectra and the understanding of the electronic transitions is still a challenging task. In this work, high-level quantum chemical methods based on multireference (MR) and single-reference (SR) methods have been used to predict the effect of different nitrogen doping patterns inserted into the prototypical PAH pyrene on its absorption spectrum. Furthermore, a simple classification scheme based on valence bond (VB) theory and the Clar sextet rule in combination with the harmonic oscillator measure of aromaticity (HOMA) index was applied to arrange the different doping structures into groups and rationalize their electronic properties. The results show a wide variety of mostly redshifts in the spectra as compared to the pristine pyrene case. The most interesting doping structures with the largest red shifts leading to absorption energies below one eV could be readily explained by the occurrence of diradical VB structures in combination with Clar sextets. Moreover, analysis of the electronic transitions computed with MR methods showed that several of the low-lying excited states possess double-excitation character, which cannot be realized by the popular SR methods and, thus, are simply absent in the calculated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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Coroaba A, Isac DL, Al-Matarneh C, Vasiliu T, Ibanescu SA, Zonda R, Ardeleanu R, Neamtu A, Timpu D, Nicolescu A, Mocci F, Maier SS, Laaksonen A, Abadie MJM, Pinteala M. Probing the supramolecular features via π–π interaction of a di-iminopyrene-di-benzo-18-crown-6-ether compound: experimental and theoretical study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38304-38315. [PMID: 35517536 PMCID: PMC9057302 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the formation of a potential supramolecular arrangement mediated by inter- and intra-molecular interactions between di-iminopyrene-dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether molecules.
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