1
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Fetoh A, Fantuzzi F, Lichtenberg C. The Chlorido-Bismuth Dication: A Potent Lewis Acid Captured in a Hepta-Coordinate Species with a Stereochemically Active Lone Pair. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38900030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The stabilization of simple, highly reactive cationic species in molecular complexes represents an important strategy to isolate and characterize compounds with uncommon or even unprecedented structural motifs and properties. Here we report the synthesis, isolation, and full characterization of chlorido-bismuth dications, stabilized only by monodentate dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) ligands: [BiCl(dmso)6][BF4]2 (1) and [BiCl(μ2-dmso)(dmso)4]2[BF4]4 (2). These compounds show unusual distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometries along with high Lewis acidities and have been analyzed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Attempts to generate the bromido- and iodido-analogs gave dmso-stabilized tricationic bismuth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fetoh
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El Gomhouria, Mansoura Qism 2, Dakahlia Governorate 11432 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
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2
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Rottschäfer D, Reith S, Schwarzmann J, Tambornino F, Lichtenberg C. Cyclic Hydrocarbon Frameworks Containing Two Bismuth Atoms: Towards 9,10-Dibismaanthracene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303363. [PMID: 38116821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
When bismuth atoms are incorporated into cyclic organic systems, this commonly goes along with strained or distorted molecular geometries, which can be exploited to modulate the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. In six-membered heterocycles, bismuth atoms are often accompanied by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen as a second hetero-element. In this work, we present the first examples of six-membered rings, in which two CH units are replaced by BiX moieties (X=Cl, Br, I), resulting in dihydro-anthracene analogs. Their behavior in chemically reversible reduction reactions is explored, aiming at the generation of dibisma-anthracene (bismanthrene). Heterometallic compounds (Bi/Fe, Bi/Mn) are introduced as potential bismanthrene surrogates, as supported by bismanthrene-transfer to selenium. Analytical techniques used to investigate the reported compounds include NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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3
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Mato M, Cornella J. Bismuth in Radical Chemistry and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315046. [PMID: 37988225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Whereas indications of radical reactivity in bismuth compounds can be traced back to the 19th century, the preparation and characterization of both transient and persistent bismuth-radical species has only been established in recent decades. These advancements led to the emergence of the field of bismuth radical chemistry, mirroring the progress seen for other main-group elements. The seminal and fundamental studies in this area have ultimately paved the way for the development of catalytic methodologies involving bismuth-radical intermediates, a promising approach that remains largely untapped in the broad landscape of synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, we delve into the milestones that eventually led to the present state-of-the-art in the field of radical bismuth chemistry. Our focus aims at outlining the intrinsic discoveries in fundamental inorganic/organometallic chemistry and contextualizing their practical applications in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Hyvl J. Hypervalent organobismuth complexes: pathways toward improved reactivity, catalysis, and applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12597-12603. [PMID: 37670510 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent (three-center, four-electron) bonding in organobismuth complexes has been extensively studied due to its ability to affect molecular geometry, dynamic behavior, or to stabilize the ligand scaffold. This work addresses the effects of this bonding on reactivity, catalytic activity, redox processes, and its potential applications in biosciences, materials science, and small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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5
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Xie X, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Insertion of CO 2 and CS 2 into Bi-N bonds enables catalyzed CH-activation and light-induced bismuthinidene transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5214-5219. [PMID: 37206406 PMCID: PMC10189873 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake and release of small molecules continue to be challenging tasks of utmost importance in synthetic chemistry. The combination of such small molecule activation with subsequent transformations to generate unusual reactivity patterns opens up new prospects for this field of research. Here, we report the reaction of CO2 and CS2 with cationic bismuth(iii) amides. CO2-uptake gives isolable, but metastable compounds, which upon release of CO2 undergo CH activation. These transformations could be transferred to the catalytic regime, which formally corresponds to a CO2-catalyzed CH activation. The CS2-insertion products are thermally stable, but undergo a highly selective reductive elimination under photochemical conditions to give benzothiazolethiones. The low-valent inorganic product of this reaction, Bi(i)OTf, could be trapped, showcasing the first example of light-induced bismuthinidene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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6
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Tanimura K, Gon M, Tanaka K. Effects of Hypervalent Bismuth on Electronic Properties of the Azobenzene Tridentate Ligand and Roles of Lewis Acidity in Controlling Optical Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4590-4597. [PMID: 36867889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Organobismuth compounds have been studied in various fields, including electronic states, pnictogen bonds, and catalysis. Among them, one of the unique electronic states of the element is the hypervalent state. So far, many issues regarding the electronic structures of bismuth in hypervalent states have been revealed; meanwhile, the influence of hypervalent bismuth on the electronic properties of π-conjugated scaffolds is still vailed. Here, we synthesized the hypervalent bismuth compound, BiAz, by introducing hypervalent bismuth into the azobenzene tridentate ligand as a π-conjugated scaffold. The influence of hypervalent bismuth on the electronic properties of the ligand was evaluated from optical measurements and quantum chemical calculations. The introduction of hypervalent bismuth revealed three significant electronic effects: first, hypervalent bismuth shows position-dependent electron-donating and electron-accepting effects. Second, BiAz can have a larger effective Lewis acidity than the hypervalent tin compound derivatives reported in our previous research. Finally, the coordination of dimethyl sulfoxide transformed the electronic properties of BiAz, similar to the hypervalent tin compounds. The data from quantum chemical calculations showed that the optical properties of the π-conjugated scaffold were able to be changed by introducing hypervalent bismuth. To the best of our knowledge, we first demonstrate that the introduction of hypervalent bismuth should be a new methodology for controlling the electronic properties of π-conjugated molecules and developing sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Kannan R, Chandrasekhar V. Four-membered C^N chelation in main-group organometallic chemistry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1159-1176. [PMID: 36602433 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Main-group organometallic compounds containing four-membered C^N chelating rings are being studied because of the interest in harnessing the enhanced reactivity of such compounds which arises as a result of the release of steric strain. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on these systems. This review is organised in terms of the types of ligand systems that allow the assembly of such compounds, viz., compounds containing aliphatic amine motifs, pyridine motifs and aniline motifs. In addition to a discussion on the synthesis and structure, we also examine the reactivity and applications of the main-group element compounds involved. In particular, applications involving H2 activation, carbonyl activation, olefin reduction, C-H activation, hydroalumination, cyanamide oligomerisation, borylation of olefins and heteroarenes, isocyanate activation and C-C bond activation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, Telangana, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Oberdorf K, Grenzer P, Pfister P, Hanft A, Rempel A, Lichtenberg C. Reactivity of a Cationic Bismuth Amide towards Unsymmetric Heterocumulenes. Chempluschem 2023:e202200455. [PMID: 36695289 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of a literature-known, ring-strained bismuth amide cation towards a range of unsymmetric heterocumulene substrates has been investigated. Reactions with ketenes R2 C=C=O (R=Me, Ph), isocyanates R'N=C=O, and isothiocyanates R'N=C=S (R'=Ph, 4-CF3 -C6 H4 ) proceed via facile insertion of the heterocumulene in the Bi-N bond of the cationic bismuth amide. Unexpectedly pronounced differences in the regioselectivity of these insertion reactions have been observed, yielding a rich variety of heterocycle motifs (BiC2 NC2 , BiC2 NCO, BiC2 NCS, BiC2 NCN), some of which are unprecedented. Parameters that control the regioselectivity of the insertion reactions have been identified and are discussed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. Analytical techniques applied in this work include heteronuclear and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Grenzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Pfister
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Warring LS, Walley JE, Dickie DA, Tiznado W, Pan S, Gilliard RJ. Lewis Superacidic Heavy Pnictaalkene Cations: Comparative Assessment of Carbodicarbene-Stibenium and Carbodicarbene-Bismuthenium Ions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18640-18652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi S. Warring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 270, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Sudip Pan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Marburg 35032, Germany
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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10
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Sharma D, Benny A, Gupta R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Crystallographic evidence for a continuum and reversal of roles in primary-secondary interactions in antimony Lewis acids: applications in carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11009-11012. [PMID: 36097954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary interactions form the basis of substrate activation in Lewis-acid mediated catalysis, with most substrate activations occurring at the secondary binding site. We explore two series of antimony cations, [(NMe2CH2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (A) and [(NMe2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (B), by coordinating ligands with varying nucleophilicity at the position trans to the N-donor. The decreased nucleophilicity of the incoming ligands leads to reversal from a primary bond to a secondary interaction in A, whereas a constrained N-coordination in B diminishes the border between primary and secondary bonding. Investigations on carbonyl olefin metathesis reactions and carbonyl reduction demonstrate increased reactivity of a Lewis acid when the substrate activation occurs at the primary binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Annabel Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
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11
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Lu B, Jiang X, Zeng X. Photolytic insertion of carbon monoxide into nitrosyl chloride: formation of nitrosoformyl chloride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17673-17678. [PMID: 35837884 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosocarbonyls are exotic intermediates that remain scarcely characterized. By UV photolysis (365 nm) of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) embedded in solid CO ice at 20 K, the elusive nitrosoformyl chloride (ClC(O)NO) has been synthesized via CO-insertion into the Cl-N bond in ClNO. The characterization of ClC(O)NO with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy is supported by 13C and 15N isotope labeling and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level of theory. Upon subsequent laser irradiation at 266 nm, CO-elimination in ClC(O)NO occurs by reformation of ClNO. In line with the calculated potential energy surface for ClC(O)NO at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level, the observed IR frequencies and the corresponding isotopic shifts coincide with the calculated values for the lowest-energy planar conformer, in which the CO and NO moities adopt trans configuration with respect to the C-N bond. Furthermore, the CO-insertion in ClNO involves a stepwise pathway by first homolytic cleavage of the Cl-N bond in ClNO (→ Cl˙ + ˙NO), followed by successive CO-trapping (CO + Cl˙ → ClCO˙) and radical combination (ClCO˙ + ˙NO → ClC(O)NO) inside the solid CO-matrix cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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12
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Hanft A, Rottschäfer D, Müller V, Weinberger P, Radacki K, Xie X, Lichtenberg C. Sulfinyl-aminotroponiminates: alkali- (Li, Na, K) and heavy-metal (Bi) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10809-10817. [PMID: 35818977 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The installation of electron-withdrawing functional groups at the carbocyclic backbone of aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligands is a versatile method for influencing the electronic properties of the resulting ATI complexes. We report here Li, Na, and K salts of an ATI ligand with a phenylsulfinyl substituent in the backbone. It is demonstrated that the sulfinyl group actively contributes to the coordination chemistry of these complexes, effectively competing with neutral donor ligands such as thf or pyridine in the solid state (XRD), in solution (DOSY NMR spectroscopy), and in the gas phase (DFT). The impact of the phenylsulfinyl group on the redox properties of the complexes have been investigated and access to sodium sodiate species through ligand-induced disproportionation has been studied. Transfer of the ATI ligand to the heavy p-block element bismuth has been demonstrated. Analytical techniques applied in this work include multinuclear and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, DFT calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Victoria Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Weinberger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Duneş G, Soran A, Silvestru C. Organopnictogen(III) bis(arylthiolates) containing NCN-aryl pincer ligands: from synthesis and characterization to reactivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10406-10419. [PMID: 35762306 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt elimination reactions between organopnictogen(III) dichlorides, RPnCl2 [R1 = 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3, Pn = Sb (1), Bi (2); R2 = 2,6-{MeN(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3, Pn = Sb (3), Bi (4); R3 = 2,6-{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3, Pn = Sb (5), Bi (6)] and 2 equivalents of KSC6H3Me2-2,6 afforded the isolation of a series of new NCN-chelated monoorganopnictogen(III) bis(arylthiolates), RPn(SC6H3Me2-2,6)2 [R1, Pn = Sb (7), Bi (8); R2, Pn = Sb (9), Bi (10); R3, Pn = Sb (11), Bi (12)]. Compounds 7 and 8 are unstable upon exposure to a dry O2 atmosphere and their aerobic decomposition yields the monoorganopnictogen(III) oxides, cyclo-[2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3Pn(μ-O)]2 [Pn = Sb (13), Bi (14)] with concomitant formation of the corresponding disulfide, ArS-SAr (Ar = C6H3Me2-2,6). The oxidative addition of elemental sulfur or selenium to 7 undergoes a similar reaction path and gives stable heterocyclic species cyclo-[2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3Sb(μ-E)]2 [E = S (15), Se (16)]. The reaction of 12 with I2 (1 : 1 molar ratio) gives the diiodide [2,6-{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3]BiI2 (17), along with the S-S oxidative coupling by-product, ArS-SAr. The use of an excess of iodine affords the crystallization of a 2 : 1 iodine adduct of 17 (17·0.5I2), built through halogen bonding. All new compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (except compounds 9 and 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duneş
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Albert Soran
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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14
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Deka R, Orthaber A. Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8540-8556. [PMID: 35578901 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the first isolable N-heterocyclic carbene in 1991 ushered in a new era in coordination chemistry. The remarkable bonding properties of carbenes have led to their rapid proliferation as auxiliary ligands for a wide range of transition metals and main group elements. In the case of group 15, while carbene-stabilized nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are extensively studied, the scope of research has shrunk significantly from arsenic to bismuth. This is essentially attributed to the decrease in stability of the C-E bond upon descending the group. Even so, modulating the carbene backbone or introducing alternative synthetic strategies not only alleviates the stability issues but also offers promising results in terms of the bonding and reactivities of these compounds. The purpose of the present perspective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins and development of carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as to highlight the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Noreen S, Sumrra SH. Correlating the charge transfer efficiency of metallic sulfa-isatins to design efficient NLO materials with better drug designs. Biometals 2022; 35:519-548. [PMID: 35352236 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study presents synthesis, characterization and first principle studies on metal chelates, (1-12), of sulfonamide-isatin reacted ligands (S1-S3). All the products were evaluated by various physical and spectral (UV, IR, NMR, MS) means. The octahedral geometry for Co+2, Ni+2 and Zn+2, while square planner geometry for Cu+2 chelates were confirmed by their spectroscopic and magnetic data. Their physical chemistry investigation show the ability of aromatic rings to stabilize sulfonamide rings across NH-π interactions at their optimized geometries. The nonlinear optical response for all the compounds disclosed that the z-axis has the most contributions. An efficient electron injection and hole studies for Au and Al electrodes having the energies of - 0.1-3.1 and 0.0-11.8 eV respectively were noted. Their bioactive character was shown by global reactivity calculated from FMO energy gaps. The enzyme inhibitory results were found to be 45-61% and IC50 = 102-122 µL, for compound (4), (10), (8), (5) and (12) against the amylase, protease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) respectively The antibacterial findings showed significant action having 11-17 mm for (2), (7) and (10) for bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. The DPPH and ferric reducing power assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity with 49.0 ± 0.09-66.2 ± 0.08% and IC50 = 102.3-122.4 µL range. In comparison to ligands, the results showed that all metal chelates had higher bioactivity. The chelation was the primary cause of their increased bioactivity. These findings suggested that such metal-based compounds might be used as antimicrobial, and antioxidant options in future to cope drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
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16
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Nazarova AL, Zayat B, Fokin VV, Narayan SR. Electrochemical Studies of the Cycloaddition Activity of Bismuth(III) Acetylides Towards Organic Azides Under Copper(I)-Catalyzed Conditions. Front Chem 2022; 10:830237. [PMID: 36204144 PMCID: PMC9531323 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent monitoring of the reactive intermediates provides valuable information about the mechanism of a synthetic transformation. However, the process frequently involves intermediates with short lifetimes that significantly challenge the accessibility of the desired kinetic data. We report in situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of the cycloaddition reaction of organobismuth(III) compounds with organic azides under the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. A series of bismuth(III) acetylides carrying diphenyl sulfone scaffolds have been synthesized to study the underlying electronic and steric effects of the tethered moieties capable of transannular oxygen O···Bi interactions and para-functionality of the parent phenylacetylene backbones. While belonging to the family of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the reaction yielding 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide is the sole example of a complex catalytic transformation that features activity of bismuth(III) acetylides towards organic azides under copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. Stepwise continuous monitoring of the copper(I)/copper(0) redox activity of the copper(I) catalyst by cyclic voltammetry provided novel insights into the complex catalytic cycle of the bismuth(III)-triazolide formation. From CV-derived kinetic data, reaction rate parameters of the bismuth(III) acetylides coordination to the copper(I) catalyst (KA) and equilibrium concentration of the copper species [cat]eq. are compared with the overall 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide formation rate constant kobs obtained by 1H-NMR kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina L. Nazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Billal Zayat
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Valery V. Fokin, ; Sri R. Narayan,
| | - Sri R. Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Valery V. Fokin, ; Sri R. Narayan,
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17
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Moon HW, Cornella J. Bismuth Redox Catalysis: An Emerging Main-Group Platform for Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:1382-1393. [PMID: 35096470 PMCID: PMC8787757 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bismuth has recently
been shown to be able to maneuver between
different oxidation states, enabling access to unique redox cycles
that can be harnessed in the context of organic synthesis. Indeed,
various catalytic Bi redox platforms have been discovered and revealed
emerging opportunities in the field of main group redox catalysis.
The goal of this perspective is to provide an overview of the synthetic
methodologies that have been developed to date, which capitalize on
the Bi redox cycling. Recent catalytic methods via low-valent Bi(II)/Bi(III),
Bi(I)/Bi(III), and high-valent Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couples are covered
as well as their underlying mechanisms and key intermediates. In addition,
we illustrate different design strategies stabilizing low-valent and
high-valent bismuth species, and highlight the characteristic reactivity
of bismuth complexes, compared to the lighter p-block
and d-block elements. Although it is not redox catalysis
in nature, we also discuss a recent example of non-Lewis acid, redox-neutral
Bi(III) catalysis proceeding through catalytic organometallic steps.
We close by discussing opportunities and future directions in this
emerging field of catalysis. We hope that this Perspective will provide
synthetic chemists with guiding principles for the future development
of catalytic transformations employing bismuth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Moon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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18
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Magre M, Cornella J. Redox-Neutral Organometallic Elementary Steps at Bismuth: Catalytic Synthesis of Aryl Sulfonyl Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21497-21502. [PMID: 34914387 PMCID: PMC8719321 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Bi-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides from the corresponding (hetero)aryl boronic acids is presented. We demonstrate that the organobismuth(III) catalysts bearing a bis-aryl sulfone ligand backbone revolve through different canonical organometallic steps within the catalytic cycle without modifying the oxidation state. All steps have been validated, including the catalytic insertion of SO2 into Bi-C bonds, leading to a structurally unique O-bound bismuth sulfinate complex. The catalytic protocol affords excellent yields for a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids, displaying a wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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19
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Oberdorf K, Grenzer P, Wieprecht N, Ramler J, Hanft A, Rempel A, Stoy A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. CH Activation of Cationic Bismuth Amides: Heteroaromaticity, Derivatization, and Lewis Acidity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19086-19097. [PMID: 34818003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationization of Bi(NPh2)3 has recently been reported to allow access to single- and double-CH activation reactions, followed by selective transformation of Bi-C into C-X functional groups (X = electrophile). Here we show that this approach can successfully be transferred to a range of bismuth amides with two aryl groups at the nitrogen, Bi(NRaryl2)3. Exchange of one nitrogen-bound aryl group for an alkyl substituent gave the first example of a homoleptic bismuth amide with a mixed aryl/alkyl substitution pattern at the nitrogen, Bi(NPhiPr)3. This compound is susceptible to selective N-N radical coupling in its neutral form and also undergoes selective CH activation when transformed into a cationic species. The second CH activation is blocked due to the absence of a second aryl moiety at nitrogen. The Lewis acidity of neutral bismuth amides is compared with that of cationic species "[Bi(aryl)(amide)(L)n]+" and "[Bi(aryl)2(L)n]+" based on the (modified) Gutmann-Beckett method (L = tetrahydrofuran or pyridine). The heteroaromatic character of [Bi(C6H3R)2NH(triflate)] compounds, which are iso-valence-electronic with anthracene, is investigated by theoretical methods. Analytical methods used in this work include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Grenzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nele Wieprecht
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Sharutin VV, Poddel’sky AI, Sharutina OK. Organic Compounds of Bismuth: Synthesis, Structure, and Applications. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421120022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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22
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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23
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Exploring the Bioactive Sites of New Sulfonamide Metal Chelates for Multi-Drug Resistance: An Experimental Versus Theoretical Design. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Sharma D, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Reversing Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8889-8892. [PMID: 34378571 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the boundaries between the neutral and cationic models of (Mesityl)2EX (E = Sb, Bi and X = Cl-, OTf-) have facilitated reversing the Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. We use this concept to demonstrate a higher efficiency of (Mesityl)2SbOTf over (Mesityl)2BiOTf in the catalytic reduction of phosphine oxides to phosphines. The experiments supported with computations described herein will find use in designing new Lewis acids relevant to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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25
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Zhao F, Wu XF. The first bismuth self-mediated oxidative carbonylative coupling reaction via BiIII/BiV redox intermediates. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Hanft A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. Cationic Bismuth Aminotroponiminates: Charge Controls Redox Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:6230-6239. [PMID: 33326650 PMCID: PMC8048980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of the redox‐active aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand in the coordination sphere of bismuth has been investigated in neutral and cationic compounds, [Bi(ATI)3] and [Bi(ATI)2Ln][A] (L=neutral ligand; n=0, 1; A=counteranion). Their coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state has been analyzed through (variable‐temperature) NMR spectroscopy, line‐shape analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and their Lewis acidity has been evaluated by using the Gutmann–Beckett method (and modifications thereof). Cyclic voltammetry, in combination with DFT calculations, indicates that switching between ligand‐ and metal‐centered redox events is possible by altering the charge of the compounds from 0 in neutral species to +1 in cationic compounds. This adds important facets to the rich redox chemistry of ATIs and to the redox chemistry of bismuth compounds, which is, so far, largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismutamide als einfache Vermittler hochselektiver Pn−Pn‐Radikal‐Kupplungsreaktionen (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, ACMM Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Niederlande
- Institut für Moleküle und Materialien Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona & ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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28
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Amides Mediate Facile and Highly Selective Pn-Pn Radical-Coupling Reactions (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6441-6445. [PMID: 33315293 PMCID: PMC7986226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of well-defined radical species under mild conditions for subsequent use in selective reactions is an important and challenging task in synthetic chemistry. We show here that simple bismuth amide species [Bi(NAr2 )3 ] readily release aminyl radicals [NAr2 ]. at ambient temperature in solution. These reactions yield the corresponding hydrazines, Ar2 N-NAr2 , as a result of highly selective N-N coupling. The exploitation of facile homolytic Bi-Pn bond cleavage for Pn-Pn bond formation was extended to higher homologues of the pnictogens (Pn=N-As): homoleptic bismuth amides mediate the highly selective dehydrocoupling of HPnR2 to give R2 Pn-PnR2 . Analyses by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal low Bi-N homolytic bond-dissociation energies, suggest radical coupling in the coordination sphere of bismuth, and reveal electronic and steric parameters as effective tools to control these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, ACMMVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUBUniversitat de Barcelona & ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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29
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Lichtenberg C. Molecular bismuth(iii) monocations: structure, bonding, reactivity, and catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4483-4495. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally defined, molecular bismuth(iii) cations show remarkable properties in coordination chemistry, Lewis acidity, and redox chemistry, allowing for unique applications in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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30
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Kindervater MB, Hynes T, Marczenko KM, Chitnis SS. Squeezing Bi: PNP and P 2N 3 pincer complexes of bismuth. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16072-16076. [PMID: 32469352 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first application of a rigid P2N3 pincer ligand in p-block chemistry by preparing its bismuth complex. We also report the first example of bismuth complexes featuring a flexible PNP pincer ligand, which shows phase-dependent structural dynamics. Highly electrophilic, albeit thermally unstable, Bi(iii) complexes of the PNP ligand were also prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B Kindervater
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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31
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Well-Defined, Molecular Bismuth Compounds: Catalysts in Photochemically Induced Radical Dehydrocoupling Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:14551-14555. [PMID: 32573876 PMCID: PMC7821184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of diorgano(bismuth)chalcogenides, [Bi(di-aryl)EPh], has been synthesised and fully characterised (E=S, Se, Te). These molecular bismuth complexes have been exploited in homogeneous photochemically-induced radical catalysis, using the coupling of silanes with TEMPO as a model reaction (TEMPO=(tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-oxyl). Their catalytic properties are complementary or superior to those of known catalysts for these coupling reactions. Catalytically competent intermediates of the reaction have been identified. Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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32
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Kannan R, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Chambenahalli R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Electrophilic Organobismuth Dication Catalyzes Carbonyl Hydrosilylation. Chemistry 2020; 26:12717-12721. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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33
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Ramler J, Lichtenberg C. Molecular Bismuth Cations: Assessment of Soft Lewis Acidity. Chemistry 2020; 26:10250-10258. [PMID: 32428329 PMCID: PMC7818483 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-coordinate cationic bismuth compounds [Bi(diaryl)(EPMe3 )][SbF6 ] have been isolated and fully characterized (diaryl=[(C6 H4 )2 C2 H2 ]2- , E=S, Se). They represent rare examples of molecular complexes with Bi⋅⋅⋅EPR3 interactions (R=monoanionic substituent). The 31 P NMR chemical shift of EPMe3 has been found to be sensitive to the formation of LA⋅⋅⋅EPMe3 Lewis acid/base interactions (LA=Lewis acid). This corresponds to a modification of the Gutmann-Beckett method and reveals information about the hardness/softness of the Lewis acid under investigation. A series of organobismuth compounds, bismuth halides, and cationic bismuth species have been investigated with this approach and compared to traditional group 13 and cationic group 14 Lewis acids. Especially cationic bismuth species have been shown to be potent soft Lewis acids that may prefer Lewis pair formation with a soft (S/Se-based) rather than a hard (O/N-based) donor. Analytical techniques applied in this work include (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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34
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Lichtenberg C. Main-Group Metal Complexes in Selective Bond Formations Through Radical Pathways. Chemistry 2020; 26:9674-9687. [PMID: 32048770 PMCID: PMC7496981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in radical reactions involving main-group metal complexes. This includes the isolation and detailed characterization of main-group metal radical compounds, but also the generation of highly reactive persistent or transient radical species. A rich arsenal of methods has been established that allows control over and exploitation of their unusual reactivity patterns. Thus, main-group metal compounds have entered the field of selective bond formations in controlled radical reactions. Transformations that used to be the domain of late transition-metal compounds have been realized, and unusual selectivities, high activities, as well as remarkable functional-group tolerances have been reported. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of main-group metal compounds to become standard tools of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science, when operating through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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35
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Ramler J, Radacki K, Abbenseth J, Lichtenberg C. Combined experimental and theoretical studies towards mutual osmium-bismuth donor/acceptor bonding. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9024-9034. [PMID: 32567644 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmium(ii) PNP pincer complexes bearing a hemilabile pyridyl-pyrazolide (PyrPz) ligand have been synthesised, and their reactivity towards Lewis acidic bismuth compounds has been examined. Reactions with BiCl3 resulted in chlorine-atom-transfer to give an osmium(iii) species. Reactions with cationic bismuth species led to adduct formation through N → Bi bond formation via the PyrPz ligand. Theoretical analyses revealed that steric interactions hamper Os → Bi bond formation and indicate that such interactions are possible upon reducing the steric profile around the osmium atom. Analytical techniques include NMR, IR, and EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, elemental analysis and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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36
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Planas O, Peciukenas V, Cornella J. Bismuth-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Triflate and Nonaflate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11382-11387. [PMID: 32536157 PMCID: PMC7315642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein we present a Bi-catalyzed
cross-coupling of arylboronic
acids with perfluoroalkyl sulfonate salts based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V)
redox cycle. An electron-deficient sulfone ligand proved to be key
for the successful implementation of this protocol, which allows the
unusual construction of C(sp2)–O bonds using commercially
available NaOTf and KONf as coupling partners. Preliminary mechanistic
studies as well as theoretical investigations reveal the intermediacy
of a highly electrophilic Bi(V) species, which rapidly eliminates
phenyl triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Vytautas Peciukenas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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37
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Yoshida T, Ahsan HM, Zhang HT, Izuogu DC, Abe H, Ohtsu H, Yamaguchi T, Breedlove BK, Thom AJW, Yamashita M. Ionic-caged heterometallic bismuth-platinum complex exhibiting electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2652-2660. [PMID: 32043108 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An air-stable heterometallic Bi-Pt complex with the formula [BiPt(SAc)5]n (1; SAc = thioacetate) was synthesized. The crystal structure, natural bond orbital (NBO) and local orbital locator (LOL) analyses, localized orbital bonding analysis (LOBA), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements were used to confirm the existence of Bi-Pt bonding and an ionic cage of O atoms surrounding the Bi ion. From the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments, 1 in tetrahydrofuran reduced CO2 to CO, with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 92% and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 8 s-1 after 30 min of CPE at -0.79 V vs. NHE. The proposed mechanism includes an energetically favored pathway via the ionic cage, which is supported by the results of DFT calculations and reflectance infrared spectroelectrochemistry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Habib Md Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. and Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - David Chukwuma Izuogu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. and Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Nigeria and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (the Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Brian K Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Alex J W Thom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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38
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Planas O, Wang F, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Fluorination of arylboronic esters enabled by bismuth redox catalysis. Science 2020; 367:313-317. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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39
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Zhou J, Kim H, Liu LL, Cao LL, Stephan DW. An arene-stabilized η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl antimony dication acts as a source of Sb+ or Sb3+ cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12953-12956. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dicationic compound [(η5-Cp*)Sb(tol)][B(C6F5)4]2 (1) (tol = toluene), which exhibits strong Lewis acidity, reacts with Lewis bases to provide Sb+ or Sb3+ cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hyehwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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40
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Ramler J, Hofmann K, Lichtenberg C. Neutral and Cationic Bismuth Compounds: Structure, Heteroaromaticity, and Lewis Acidity of Bismepines. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:3367-3376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Hofmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Turner ZR. Bismuth Pyridine Dipyrrolide Complexes: a Transient Bi(II) Species Which Ring Opens Cyclic Ethers. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14212-14227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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42
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismutverbindungen in der Radikalkatalyse: Übergangsmetallbismutane ermöglichen thermisch induzierte Cycloisomerisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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43
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Compounds in Radical Catalysis: Transition Metal Bismuthanes Facilitate Thermally Induced Cycloisomerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12924-12929. [PMID: 31166083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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44
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Kindervater MB, Marczenko KM, Werner‐Zwanziger U, Chitnis SS. A Redox‐Confused Bismuth(I/III) Triamide with a T‐Shaped Planar Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7850-7855. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B. Kindervater
- Chemistry DepartmentDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | | | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Chemistry DepartmentDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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45
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Kindervater MB, Marczenko KM, Werner‐Zwanziger U, Chitnis SS. A Redox‐Confused Bismuth(I/III) Triamide with a T‐Shaped Planar Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B. Kindervater
- Chemistry DepartmentDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | | | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Chemistry DepartmentDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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