1
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Jones BT, Maulide N. Lewis Acid-Driven Inverse Hydride Shuttle Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320001. [PMID: 38551113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inverse hydride shuttle catalysis provides a multicomponent platform for the highly efficient synthesis of alkaloid frameworks with exquisite diastereoselectivity. However, a number of limitations hinder this method, primarily the strict requirement for highly electron-deficient acceptors. Herein, we present a general Lewis acid-driven approach to address this constraint, and have developed two broad strategies enabling the modular synthesis of complex azabicycles that were entirely unattainable using the previous method. The enhanced synthetic flexibility facilitates a streamlined asymmetric cyclization, leading to a concise total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-tashiromine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Möhler JS, Pickl M, Reiter T, Simić S, Rackl JW, Kroutil W, Wennemers H. Peptide and Enzyme Catalysts Work in Concert in Stereoselective Cascade Reactions-Oxidation followed by Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319457. [PMID: 38235524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes and peptide catalysts consist of the same building blocks but require vastly different environments to operate best. Herein, we show that an enzyme and a peptide catalyst can work together in a single reaction vessel to catalyze a two-step cascade reaction with high chemo- and stereoselectivity. Abundant linear alcohols, nitroolefins, an alcohol oxidase, and a tripeptide catalyst provided chiral γ-nitroaldehydes in aqueous buffer. High yields (up to 92 %) and stereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee) were achieved for the cascade through the rational design of the peptide catalyst and the identification of common reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Möhler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Pickl
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Reiter
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Simić
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonas W Rackl
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Schnitzer T, Schnurr M, Zahrt AF, Sakhaee N, Denmark SE, Wennemers H. Machine Learning to Develop Peptide Catalysts-Successes, Limitations, and Opportunities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:367-373. [PMID: 38435528 PMCID: PMC10906243 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Peptides have been established as modular catalysts for various transformations. Still, the vast number of potential amino acid building blocks renders the identification of peptides with desired catalytic activity challenging. Here, we develop a machine-learning workflow for the optimization of peptide catalysts. First-in a hypothetical competition-we challenged our workflow to identify peptide catalysts for the conjugate addition reaction of aldehydes to nitroolefins and compared the performance of the predicted structures with those optimized in our laboratory. On the basis of the positive results, we established a universal training set (UTS) containing 161 catalysts to sample an in silico library of ∼30,000 tripeptide members. Finally, we challenged our machine learning strategy to identify a member of the library as a stereoselective catalyst for an annulation reaction that has not been catalyzed by a peptide thus far. We conclude with a comparison of data-driven versus expert-knowledge-guided peptide catalyst optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schnurr
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F. Zahrt
- Roger
Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nader Sakhaee
- Roger
Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Roger
Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Kang G, Han S. Synthesis of Suffranidine B. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37917347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficiently generating intricate molecular complexity is a coveted goal in organic synthesis. This can be realized through the implementation of inventive and audacious strategies coupled with the exploration and advancement of novel molecular reactivity pathways. Herein, we present a concise two-step synthesis of a high-oxidation state heterotrimeric securinega alkaloid, suffranidine B, from 2,3-dehydroallosecurinine and the vinylogous ketoaldehyde compound derived from kojic acid. Key to the success was the astute selection of appropriate acids during both the heterotrimerization and the desymmetrizing cyclization steps. This study underscores the value of biomimicry in the synthesis of complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyumin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Schnurr M, Rackl JW, Wennemers H. Overcoming Deactivation of Amine-Based Catalysts: Access to Fluoroalkylated γ-Nitroaldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23275-23280. [PMID: 37845230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalytic conjugate addition reactions of aldehydes to fluoroalkylated nitroolefins with chiral amine catalysts offer a straightforward stereoselective path to fluoroalkylated γ-nitroaldehydes and downstream derivatives. However, amine-based catalysts suffer from deactivation by reaction with electron-poor fluoroalkylated nitroolefin. Here, we show that catalyst deactivation can be overcome by catalysts that bear an intramolecular acid for protonation and release of the alkylated catalyst through ß-elimination of the nitroolefin. NMR spectroscopic, kinetic, and molecular modeling studies provided detailed structural and mechanistic insights into the factors that control reversible catalyst alkylation and facilitate efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schnurr
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jonas W Rackl
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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6
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Vaghi F, Facchetti G, Rimoldi I, Bottiglieri M, Contini A, Gelmi ML, Bucci R. Highly efficient morpholine-based organocatalysts for the 1,4-addition reaction between aldehydes and nitroolefins: an unexploited class of catalysts. Front Chem 2023; 11:1233097. [PMID: 37638101 PMCID: PMC10451084 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1233097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated how the pyrrolidine nucleus is more efficient than the corresponding piperidine or morpholine as organocatalysts in the condensation of aldehydes with electrophiles via enamine. Focussing on morpholine-enamines, their low reactivity is ascribed to the presence of oxygen on the ring and to the pronounced pyramidalisation of nitrogen, decreasing the nucleophilicity of the enamine. Thus, the selection of efficient morpholine organocatalysts appears to be a difficult challenge. Herein, we reported on the synthesis of new organocatalysts belonging to the class of ß-morpholine amino acids that were tested in a model reaction, i.e., the 1,4-addition reaction of aldehydes to nitroolefins. Starting from commercially available amino acids and epichlorohydrin, we designed an efficient synthesis for the aforementioned catalysts, controlling the configuration and the substitution pattern. Computational studies indeed disclosed the transition state of the reaction, explaining why, despite all the limitations of the morpholine ring for enamine catalysis, our best catalyst works efficiently, affording condensation products with excellent yields, diastereoselection and good-to-exquisite enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raffaella Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, DISFARM, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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7
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Schnitzer T, Trapp N, Fischer LM, Wennemers H. Crystal structure analysis of N-acetylated proline and ring size analogs. J Pept Sci 2022; 29:e3473. [PMID: 36579722 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of N-acetylated proline and homologs with four- and six-membered rings (azetidine carboxylic acid and piperidine carboxylic acid) were obtained and compared. The distinctly different conformations of the four-, five-, and six-membered rings reflect Bayer strain, n → π* interaction, and allylic strain, and result in crystal lattices with a zigzag structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa-Marie Fischer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Möhler JS, Beiersdörfer LK, Masina B, Wechsler P, Wennemers H. Tripeptide Organocatalysts for Stereoselective Conjugate Addition Reactions with N‐Heterocyclic Substituents. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Dal Corso A, Frigoli M, Prevosti M, Mason M, Bucci R, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Advanced Pyrrolidine-Carbamate Self-Immolative Spacer with Tertiary Amine Handle Induces Superfast Cyclative Drug Release. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200279. [PMID: 35620983 PMCID: PMC9544318 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amine-carbamate self-immolative (SI) spacers represent practical and versatile tools in targeted prodrugs, but their slow degradation mechanism limits drug activation at the site of disease. We engineered a pyrrolidine-carbamate SI spacer with a tertiary amine handle which strongly accelerates the spacer cyclization to give a bicyclic urea and the free hydroxy groups of either cytotoxic (Camptothecin) or immunostimulatory (Resiquimod) drugs. In silico conformational analysis and p K a calculations suggest a plausible mechanism for the superior efficacy of the advanced SI spacer compared to state-of-art analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, ITALY
| | - Margaux Frigoli
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Martina Prevosti
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Mattia Mason
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, ITALY
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Universita degli Studi di Milano, Chemistry Department, via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, ITALY
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10
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Shen J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Liu X, Shen C, Zhang P. Selective Mono- and Diamination of Ketones in a Combined Copper-Organocatalyst System. Org Lett 2022; 24:3614-3619. [PMID: 35549495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and mild protocol for the chemoselective mono- and diamination of ketone using pyrazole as the amine source in a combined copper-organocatalyst system. Various substrates are compatible, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. This strategy gives an efficient and convenient solution for the synthesis of α-pyrazole and α,α-dipyrazole ketone derivatives. The control experiment demonstrates that in situ generated hydrazone is a key intermediate in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
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11
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Gallarati S, Laplaza R, Corminboeuf C. Harvesting the fragment-based nature of bifunctional organocatalysts to enhance their activity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the activity of bifunctional organocatalysts: a fragment-based approach coupled with activity maps helps identifying better-performing catalytic motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Novel preparation of chiral 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole from an enantioselective Michael addition between 3-(diphenylmethylene)-amino-oxindole and acrolein catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Sweet JS, Rajkumar S, Dingwall P, Knipe PC. Atroposelective Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a Novel Class of Axially Chiral
N
‐Aryl Quinolinium Salt. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Sweet
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Sundaram Rajkumar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building Belfast BT9 5AG UK
- Present address: Almac Group Ltd. 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate Craigavon BT63 5QD UK
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Peter C. Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building Belfast BT9 5AG UK
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14
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Dagoneau D, Kolleth A, Quinodoz P, Horoz B, Catak S, Lumbroso A, Sulzer‐Mossé S, De Mesmaeker A. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclobutanones by a One‐Pot Keteniminium‐Enamine Process. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Dagoneau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Amandine Kolleth
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Pierre Quinodoz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Beyza Horoz
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry Bebek TR-34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Saron Catak
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry Bebek TR-34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Alexandre Lumbroso
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sulzer‐Mossé
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
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15
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Schnitzer T, Ganzoni RL, Wennemers H. Impact of the β-turn hydrogen bond on the trans/cis ratio and the performance of the peptide catalyst H-dPro-Pro-Glu-NH2. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Möhler JS, Schnitzer T, Wennemers H. Amine Catalysis with Substrates Bearing N-Heterocyclic Moieties Enabled by Control over the Enamine Pyramidalization Direction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15623-15628. [PMID: 32573875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective organocatalytic C-C bond formations that tolerate N-heterocycles are valuable since these moieties are common motifs in numerous chiral bioactive compounds. Such transformations are, however, challenging since N-heterocyclic moieties can interfere with the catalytic reaction. Here, we present a peptide that catalyzes conjugate addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins bearing a broad range of different N-heterocyclic moieties with basic and/or H-bonding sites in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Tuning of the pyramidalization direction of the enamine intermediate enabled the high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Möhler
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Gualandi A, Calogero F, Martinelli A, Quintavalla A, Marchini M, Ceroni P, Lombardo M, Cozzi PG. A supramolecular bifunctional iridium photoaminocatalyst for the enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14497-14505. [PMID: 33045035 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a hybrid metal-organo-photoredox catalyst based on the conjugation of an imidazolidinone organocatalyst and Ir(ppy)2(bipy) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, bipy = bipyridine) is described. The introduction of the desired organocatalyst into the bipyridine moiety is quite modular, allowing the preparation of different hybrid photocatalysts, and is realized though a simple click reaction. The hybrid photocatalysts obtained were employed in the benchmark photoredox alkylation of aldehydes. Remarkably, the conjugation of a first-generation MacMillan catalyst produces an active and stereoselective hybrid photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ada Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Marchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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18
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Ochiai H, Nishiyama A, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Polymer-Supported Chiral Cis-Disubstituted Pyrrolidine Catalysts and Their Application to Batch and Continuous-Flow Systems. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ochiai
- Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Pharma Business Division, Kaneka Cooperation, 1-8 Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Pharma Business Division, Kaneka Cooperation, 1-8 Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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Zhang L, Yamazaki K, Leitch JA, Manzano R, Atkinson VAM, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Dual catalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of allene-tethered cyclohexanones. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7444-7450. [PMID: 34123026 PMCID: PMC8159440 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of enantioenriched azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-6-one heterocycles via an enantioselective desymmetrization of allene-linked cyclohexanones, enabled through a dual catalytic system, that provides synchronous activation of the cyclohexanone with a chiral prolinamide and the allene with a copper(i) co-catalyst to deliver the stereodefined bicyclic core, is described. Successful application to oxygen analogues was also achieved, thereby providing a new enantioselective synthetic entry to architecturally complex bicyclic ethereal frameworks. The mechanistic pathway and the origin of enantio- and diastereoselectivities has been uncovered using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Ruben Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Victoria A M Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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Schnitzer T, Wennemers H. Deactivation of Secondary Amine Catalysts via Aldol Reaction-Amine Catalysis under Solvent-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7633-7640. [PMID: 32329616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense interest in amine-catalyzed stereoselective reactions, high catalyst loadings of ≥10 mol % are still common and either due to low reactivity or catalyst deactivation. Yet, few deactivation pathways are well understood. Here, we unraveled the deactivation of secondary amines by undesired aldol reaction. Mechanistic studies with peptide and prolinol silyl ether catalysts showed the generality of this so-far underappreciated catalyst deactivation pathway. The insights enabled conjugate addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins on a multigram scale in the absence of solvent-conditions that are attractive as environmentally benign processes-with excellent product yields and stereoselectivities in the presence of as little as 0.1 mol % of a chemoselective peptidic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Lefebvre Q, Salomé C, Fessard TC. Accelerating fragment-based library generation by coupling high-performance photoreactors with benchtop analysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:982-988. [PMID: 32509029 PMCID: PMC7237803 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a workflow coupling photoredox-nickel dual-catalyzed N-arylation reactions to benchtop analysis for the efficient generation of fragment-based libraries. Technological advances in photoreactor design facilitated reliable and reproducible experimentation. Knowledge on the reactivity under previously reported reaction conditions of spirocyclic and strained heterocyclic building blocks, viewed as chemistry informers, could thus be rapidly accessed, identifying privileged or challenging scaffolds and paving the way for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lefebvre
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Salomé
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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