1
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Yang Z, Xu J, Sun Y, Li X, Jia B, Du Y. Preparation of a benziodazole-type iodine(III) compound and its application as a nitrating reagent for synthesis of furazans via a copper-catalyzed cascade process. Commun Chem 2024; 7:155. [PMID: 38982259 PMCID: PMC11233585 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing hypervalent I(III) reagents bearing ONO2 group are limited in types and their applications primarily focused on the nitrooxylation reactions featuring a fully-exo fashion. Herein, a benziodazole-type O2NO-I(III) compound was prepared and its reaction with β-monosubstituted enamines in the presence of CuI could trigger a radical nitration/cyclization/dehydration cascade to provide a series of less explored but biologically interesting furazan heterocycles. Mechanistically, the benziodazole-type O2NO-I(III) compound acts as a nitrating reagent and incorporates its NO moiety into the final furazan product in a fully-endo model, a process of which was proposed to involve nitration, cyclization and dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bohan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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2
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Lu Q, He Y, Chang J, Yu W. Synthesis of 2,2-difunctionalized 2 H-azirines via I 2-mediated annulation of enamines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2292-2299. [PMID: 38407371 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Various 2,2-difunctionalized 2H-azirines were synthesized via I2-mediated annulation reactions of readily accessible enamines in the presence of nitrogen or non-nitrogen nucleophiles. The features of the present synthesis process also include no use of transition metals, simple operation, mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yanmin He
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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3
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Fujino T, Hyodo T, Otani Y, Yamaguchi K, Ohwada T. Stabilization of sp-Hybridized Nitrogen Cation by Lewis Acid-Base Complex Formation with Intramolecular Iodine. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303393. [PMID: 37984364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the sp-hybridized nitrogen cation is strongly stabilized by a peri-iodine substituent in the tetralone system. The cation is captured by anionic species such as CF3 CO2 - , affording hypervalent iodine(III) compounds with a short nitrogen-iodine (N-I) bond, in which the cation serves as a Lewis acid. Notably, the O-I bond of the O-trifluoroacetate or O-acetate is intrinsically weaker than the N-I bond due to its more ionic character and is further weakened by protonation in trifluoroacetic acid. As a result, the oxygen ligand can dissociate in the presence of a Brønsted acid, affording a I+ cation intermediate that retains the N-I bond. We isolated the cation as the tetrafluoroborate, and characterized it experimentally by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis, and theoretically by means of DFT calculation. The results suggest that the N-I bonded cation is intrinsically stable, and is weakly coordinated with water and the BF4 counter anion or trifluoroacetate anion. This cation can be employed as a reagent for α-oxidation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujino
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Zhang C, Wan JP. Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Compounds and Their Application in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302718. [PMID: 37846841 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds with electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) connected to diazo methyl center were a type of donor-acceptor diazo compounds with potential reaction abilities similar to ordinary diazo compounds. Although several diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds were synthesized and used in the nucleophilic substitution reactions as early as 1994, the synthesis and application of new iodine(III) diazo compounds have only been reported to a certain extent in recent years. In the presence of rhodium catalyst, photocatalyst, or nucleophiles, diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds can be converted into rhodium-carbenes, diazomethyl radicals, ester radicals or nucleophilic intermediates, which can be used as key intermediates for the formation of chemical bonds. The aim of this review is to give an overview of diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Safety Supervision and Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, 583 Anqing road, Wanzhou district, 404020, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, 330022, Nanchang, China
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5
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Zakharov TN, Sakharov PA, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF, Rostovskii NV. Triethylamine-Promoted Oxidative Cyclodimerization of 2 H-Azirine-2-carboxylates to Pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylates: Experimental and DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114315. [PMID: 37298789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented oxidative cyclodimerization reaction of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylates to pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylates under heating with triethylamine in air is described. In this reaction, one azirine molecule undergoes formal cleavage across the C-C bond and another across the C=N bond. According to the experimental study and DFT calculations, the key steps of the reaction mechanism include nucleophilic addition of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine to an azirine to form an (aminooxy)aziridine, generation of an azomethine ylide, and its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the second azirine molecule. The crucial condition for the synthesis of pyrimidines is generation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine in the reaction mixture in a very low concentration, which is ensured by the slow oxidation of triethylamine with air oxygen. Addition of a radical initiator accelerated the reaction and resulted in higher yields of the pyrimidines. Under these conditions, the scope of the pyrimidine formation was elucidated, and a series of pyrimidines was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofei N Zakharov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Sakharov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Dess-Martin Periodinane-Mediated Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Isoquinoline with Benzyl Bromide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030923. [PMID: 36770590 PMCID: PMC9919522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) is a broadly applicable oxidant in chemical synthesis. In this work, an efficient and convenient synthesis of N-substituted isoquinolinone derivatives mediated by DMP was achieved through the oxidative coupling reaction of functionalized isoquinoline with readily available benzyl bromide, which is a metal-free, mild, and practical method for synthesizing isoquinoline-1,3-dione or isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives in excellent yields. The H2O18-labeling experiment was performed to gain insight into the possible mechanism for this reaction.
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7
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Agafonova AV, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. 5-Chloroisoxazoles: A Versatile Starting Material for the Preparation of Amides, Anhydrides, Esters, and Thioesters of 2 H-Azirine-2-carboxylic Acids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010275. [PMID: 36615468 PMCID: PMC9822487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amides, anhydrides, esters, and thioesters of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acids were prepared by a rapid procedure at room temperature involving FeCl2-catalyzed isomerization of 5-chloroisoxazoles to 2H-azirine-2-carbonyl chlorides, followed by reaction with N-, O-, or S-nucleophiles mediated by an ortho-substituted pyridine. With readily available chloroisoxazoles and a nucleophile, 2-picoline can be used as an inexpensive base. When a high yield of the acylation product is important, the reagent 2-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine/ethyl chloroformate is more suitable for the acylation with 2H-azirine-2-carbonyl chlorides.
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8
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment I. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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9
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Tao S, Xu L, Yang K, Zhang J, Du Y. Construction of the 2-Amino-1,3-selenazole Skeleton via PhICl 2/KSeCN-Mediated Selenocyanation/Cyclization. Org Lett 2022; 24:4187-4191. [PMID: 35670516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The construction of 2-amino-1,3-selenazole skeleton was realized via the PhICl2/KSeCN-enabled electrophilic selenocyanation of β-enaminones and β-enamino esters followed by intramolecular cyclization under basic conditions. Compared to the classical Hantzsch strategy that utilizes selenourea or its analogues as starting materials or crucial intermediates, this method might represent an alternative approach for the assembly of 1,3-selenazole framework through a different pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqing Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kaiyue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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10
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Tang P, Wen L, Ma HJ, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Synthesis of acyloxy-2 H-azirine and sulfonyloxy-2 H-azirine derivatives via a one-pot reaction of β-enamino esters, PIDA and carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3061-3066. [PMID: 35344576 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PIDA mediated oxidative acyloxylation/azirination and sulfonyloxylation/azirination of β-enamino esters were investigated. A series of functionalized acyloxy-2H-azirine and sulfonyloxy-2H-azirine derivatives was synthesized in moderate to good yields. This represents the first oxidative sulfonyloxylation/azirination of β-enamino esters with PIDA and sulfonic acid for access to sulfonyloxy-2H-azirine. Hypervalent iodine reagents enable cascade C-O/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, a possible reaction pathway was proposed based on the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Long Wen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Hao-Jie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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11
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Liu X, Wang L, Han J. ortho-Nitro-substituted diaryliodonium salts enabled regioselective cyclization of arylcarboxylic acids toward 3,4-naphthocoumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8628-8632. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01783k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We herein report an efficient regioselective cascade of arylation and cyclization of arylcarboxylic acids via Pd(ii)-activation of both C–I and vicinal C–NO2 bonds of ortho-nitro-substituted diaryliodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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12
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De A, Majee A. Synthesis of various functionalized
2
H
‐azirines: An
updated library. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aramita De
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
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13
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Agafonova AV, Smetanin IA, Rostovskii NV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS. Synthesis of 2-(2-Pyridyl)-2 H-azirines via Metal-Free C-C Cross-Coupling of Bromoazirines with 2-Stannylpyridines. Org Lett 2021; 23:8045-8049. [PMID: 34597057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-yield method for the introduction of a 2-pyridyl substituent in the C2 position of the three-membered ring of 2-bromo-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives by the direct cross-coupling with 2-(trialkylstannyl)pyridines has been described. The reaction works well with 3-, 4-, or 5-substituted 2-stannylpyridines and can be also employed for the synthesis of 2-(thiazol-2-yl)-2H-azirines. According to DFT calculations, the reaction proceeds through the sequence of SN2'-substitution of bromine, 1,4-stannyl shift, and [2,3]-sigmatropic shift of the pyridine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Agafonova
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ilia A Smetanin
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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14
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15
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Li G, Rheingold AL, Protasiewicz JD. Remote Substituents as Potential Control Elements for the Solid-State Structures of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compounds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7865-7875. [PMID: 33970618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine (HVI) compounds are very important selective oxidants often employed in organic syntheses. Most HVI compounds are strongly associated in the solid state involving interactions between the electropositive iodine centers and nearby electron lone pairs of electronegative atoms. This study examines the impact of remote substituents on select families of HVI compounds as means to achieve predictable two-dimensional extended solid-state materials. Crystallographic analyses of 10 HVI compounds from several related classes of λ3 organoiodine(III) compounds, (diacetoxyiodo)benzenes, (dibenzoatoiodo)benzenes, [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzenes, and μ-oxo-[(carboxylateiodo)benzenes], provide insights into how remote substituents and the choice of carboxylate groups can impact intermolecular interactions in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92903, United States
| | - John D Protasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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16
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Bauer A, Maulide N. Recent discoveries on the structure of iodine(iii) reagents and their use in cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:853-864. [PMID: 34163852 PMCID: PMC8178994 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article discusses structural features of iodine(iii) compounds as a prelude to presenting their use as umpolung reagents, in particular as pertains to their ability to promote the selective coupling of two nucleophilic species via 2e- oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
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17
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Paraja M, Gini A, Sakai N, Matile S. Pnictogen‐Bonding Catalysis: An Interactive Tool to Uncover Unorthodox Mechanisms in Polyether Cascade Cyclizations. Chemistry 2020; 26:15471-15476. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gini
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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18
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Babaoglu E, Hilt G. Electrochemical Iodine-Mediated Oxidation of Enamino-Esters to 2H-Azirine-2-Carboxylates Supported by Design of Experiments. Chemistry 2020; 26:8879-8884. [PMID: 32220135 PMCID: PMC7497194 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical iodine-mediated transformation of enamino-esters for the synthesis of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylates is presented. In addition, a thermic conversion of azirines to 4-carboxy-oxazoles in quantitative yield without purification was described. Both classes 2H-azirines-2-carboxylates and the 4-carboxy-oxazoles are substructures in natural products and therefore are of considerable interest for synthetic and pharmaceutical chemists. The optimization was not performed in a conventional manner with a one-factor-at-a-time process but with a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Beside a broad substrate scope the reaction was also employed to a robustness screen, a sensitivity assessment, and complemented with mechanistic considerations from cyclic voltammetry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Babaoglu
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9–1126129OldenburgGermany
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9–1126129OldenburgGermany
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